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1990

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Articles 61 - 80 of 80

Full-Text Articles in Other Animal Sciences

Processing Method Affects The Nutritional Value Of Low-Inhibitor Soybeans For Nursery Pigs (1990), A J. Lewis, D B. Jones, M A. Giesemann, B J. Healy, Joe D. Hancock Jan 1990

Processing Method Affects The Nutritional Value Of Low-Inhibitor Soybeans For Nursery Pigs (1990), A J. Lewis, D B. Jones, M A. Giesemann, B J. Healy, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred weanling pigs (16.5 lb avg initial wt) were used in a 35-d growth assay to determine the effects of processing method (roasting in a Roast-A-Tron roaster vs extrusion in an Insta-Pro extruder) on the nutritional value of Williams 82 soybeans with (+K) and without (-K) gene expression for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Treatments were: 1) soybean meal with added soybean oil, 2) + K roasted, 3) + K extruded, 4) -K roasted, and 5) -K extruded. All diets were corn-based and formulated to contain .92% lysine and 3.50 Mcal/kg DE for d 0 to 14 of the experiment …

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Computerized Records: Use In Troubleshooting Reproductive Problems Of Commercial Swine Herds (1990), Gary Dial Jan 1990

Computerized Records: Use In Troubleshooting Reproductive Problems Of Commercial Swine Herds (1990), Gary Dial

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Swine production has become, in a relatively short time, one of the most competitive agribusinesses. The increase in international exportation of pork, dynamic changes in the efficiency of hog production, and the increasing preference of consumers for alternative meats has mandated that the swine industry be competitive with other producers of protein foodstuffs. Recent changes in the American swine industry have been dynamic. During the past 10 years, the financial advantage of volume selling and buying has led to an unwavering, irreversible evolution toward increasingly larger herd sizes. Accompanying this has been an ongoing trend toward decentralization away from the …

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Effects Of Porcine Somatotropin And Dietary Lysine Level On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Swine Fed To 280 Lb. (1990), M E. Johnston, B R. Schricker, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1990

Effects Of Porcine Somatotropin And Dietary Lysine Level On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Swine Fed To 280 Lb. (1990), M E. Johnston, B R. Schricker, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred twenty barrows with an initial wt of 130 lb were utilized to determine the effects of dietary lysine level and porcine somatotropin (pST) injection on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed to heavy market weights (280 lb). Pigs were injected daily in the extensor muscle of the neck with either 4 mg pST or a placebo and fed diets containing either .8, 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4% dietary lysine. Performance data were collected and evaluated for three weight ranges : 130 to 230 lb, 230 to 280 lb, and 130 to 280 lb. Two pigs from …

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Yield And Nutritional Quality Of Nine Summer Annual Forages, Gerry L. Kuhl, J.P. Shroyes, Paul D. Hartman, Dale L. Fjell Jan 1990

Yield And Nutritional Quality Of Nine Summer Annual Forages, Gerry L. Kuhl, J.P. Shroyes, Paul D. Hartman, Dale L. Fjell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nine summer annual forages were studied to evaluate yield and nutritional quality differences resulting from forage type and cultivar when cut at two stages of maturity. Substantial dry matter yield and quality differences were observed among the six hybrid pearl millets tested. Several hybrid pearl millets gave comparable dry matter yields to the sorghum-sudans at boot and headed stages of growth. Hybrid pearl millets were much higher in crude protein than the hybrid sorghum-sudans and sudangrass. Although yield increased markedly between boot and headed cutting stages, nutritional value declined greatly. Nitrate levels were excessively high in all forages when harvested …

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Influence Of Fat And Ionophores On Performance Of Finishing Steers, E.M. Clary, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Ronald V. Pope Jan 1990

Influence Of Fat And Ionophores On Performance Of Finishing Steers, E.M. Clary, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred ninety-two crossbred steers were used in a 2 x 4 factorially arranged experiment to study the effects of including fat and ionophores in finishing rations. Main effects were level of supplemental fat (0 or 4% tallow) and ionophore type [none, Bovatece (B), Rumensine + 'JYlane (RT), or daily rotation of Band RT (BRT)]. Daily feed intake (P<.10) and daily gain (P<.OO5) were reduced for steers fed R'T, but only when fat was included in the diet. In diets containing no supplemental fat, RT increased daily gain 10%. RT improved feed efficiency 8% (P<.05) in nonfat diets, but there was no difference between ionophores in diets containing fat. Adding fat improved feed efficiency of steers fed no ionophore or B. This study suggests that response of finishing steers to ionophores can be modified by the inclusion of fat in the diet.

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Leukotoxin Production By Fusobacterium Necrophorum Biotypes, Z. Tan, M. M. Chengappa, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1990

Leukotoxin Production By Fusobacterium Necrophorum Biotypes, Z. Tan, M. M. Chengappa, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fusobacterium necrophorum biotypes A and B were grown anaerobically to detect their leukotoxin production. Both biotypes exerted the highest leukotoxic effect on bovine leukocytes in the late logarithmic and early stationary growth places. Biotype A produced more leukotoxin than biotype B throughout all phases of bacterial growth. Results are consistent with the findings that biotype A is more virulent than biotype B.

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Characteristics Of The Indigenous Microflora From Five Silage Crops In 1987, R.A. Hart, F. Niroomand, K.K. Bolsen, M.A. Lubinski, W.R. Aimutis Jan 1990

Characteristics Of The Indigenous Microflora From Five Silage Crops In 1987, R.A. Hart, F. Niroomand, K.K. Bolsen, M.A. Lubinski, W.R. Aimutis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from five silage crops in the 1987 growing season: wheat, alfalfa, com, interseeded grain sorghum and soybeans, and forage sorghum. All crops had post-harvest LAB counts that exceeded 5 x 105 colony-forming units/g. There were no significant correlations between rate of fermentation during the first 7 d post-ensiling and the indigenous LAB counts. However, corn and sorghum, which fermented rapidly, had higher populations of homofermentative LAB, and the isolates showed higher rod to cocci ratios compared to the other three crops. Most of the homofermentative rods isolated were Lactobacillus plantarum, and most of …

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Effects Of Rumen-Escape Lipid In A Range Supplement On Postpartum Reproductive Function In Beef Cows, R.B. Hightshoe, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, D.L. Harmon, G.H. Kiracofe Jan 1990

Effects Of Rumen-Escape Lipid In A Range Supplement On Postpartum Reproductive Function In Beef Cows, R.B. Hightshoe, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, D.L. Harmon, G.H. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Postpartum cows receiving a range supplement containing rumen-escape lipid exhibited altered hormone and cholesterol levels compared to cows not fed lipid. Sixty-seven percent of lipid-fed cows exhibited a normal (18.2 d) first estrous cycle vs 33% for cows not receiving lipid. Incorporation of rumen-escape lipid into range supplements appears to significantly improve postpartum reproductive characteristics.

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Feed Mills For On-Farm Feed Manufacturing (1990), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner Jan 1990

Feed Mills For On-Farm Feed Manufacturing (1990), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Quality feed can be manufactured on farm using hammer or roller mills for particle size reduction and volumetric or weighing devices for proportioning ingredients. An understanding of each of the seven steps involved will enhance the ability to manufacture a quality feed for maximum feed efficiency at a feasible price.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1990

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Protein Sparing Effect Of A Fermentation Product In Pig Diets From Weaning To Market (1990), J A. Swanson, Joe D. Hancock Jan 1990

Protein Sparing Effect Of A Fermentation Product In Pig Diets From Weaning To Market (1990), J A. Swanson, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred eighty pigs (avg wt of 21.11b) were used in an experiment to determine if a fermentation product improves performance and reduces last rib fat thickness in pigs when added to a low-protein diet regimen. Treatments were: 1) positive control (19-16-14% crude protein regimen during the nursery-growing-finishing phases); 2) positive control plus 2.50 lb/ton fermentation product; 3) low-protein regimen (17-14-12% crude protein during the nursery-growing-finishing phases); 4) low-protein regimen plus 1.25 lb/ton fermentation product; 5) low-protein regimen plus 2.50 lb/ton fermentation product; and 6) low-protein regimen plus 5.00 lb/ton fermentation product. As addition of fermentation product was increased from …

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Analysis Of Kansas Hog Enterprise Returns From 1981-1990 (1990), Michael R. Langemeier Jan 1990

Analysis Of Kansas Hog Enterprise Returns From 1981-1990 (1990), Michael R. Langemeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Estimated historical return distributions for farrow-to-finish, feeder pig finishing, and feeder pig producing operations in Kansas from 1981-1990 were examined. Average returns per head were the highest and downside risk was the lowest for farrow-to-finish operations over this period. However, the required investment in buildings, equipment, and breeding stock per head was also higher for this operation. Thus, a tradeoff exists between returns per head and capital requirements per head.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1990

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Fat Source Effects On Finishing Steer Digestion And Metabolism, B.J. Bock, D.L. Harmon, Robert T. Brandt Jr., J.E. Schneider Jan 1990

Fat Source Effects On Finishing Steer Digestion And Metabolism, B.J. Bock, D.L. Harmon, Robert T. Brandt Jr., J.E. Schneider

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design was used to explore the effects of fat source (none vs 3.5% soybean oil soapstock or animal tallow) when fed with high (1.0%) calcium on digestion and metabolism of a finishing diet by steers. Adding fat did not affect site or extent of starch or dry matter digestion. A net synthesis of long chain fatty acids occurred in the rumen. Feeding fat tended (P=.ll) to depress bacterial N flowing at the duodenum but did not affect nonbacterial N or total N.

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Utilization Of Steam-Flaked Milo Or Corn And Supplemental Fat By Finishing Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, A.S. Freeman, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1990

Utilization Of Steam-Flaked Milo Or Corn And Supplemental Fat By Finishing Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, A.S. Freeman, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred forty crossbred yearling steers (815 lb) were utilized to evaluate grain type (steam flaked com vs steam flaked milo) and supplemental fat (O or 4% yellow grease) on finishing performance. There were no differences in carcass-adjusted average daily gain, feed intake, or feed conversion between steers fed milo vs com. Calculated NEtn and NEg contents of flaked milo were approximately 99% those of flaked com and 15 to 20% greater than those of dry rolled milo (NRC, 1984). Supplemental yellow grease increased (P=.12) average daily gain 4.4% and improved (P<.05) feed efficiency 6%. There were no grain type x fat interactions for any performance parameter measured. Steers fed milo had smaller (P<.05) ribeye areas and tended to have more baclcfat and internal (KPH) fat than com-fed steers. As a result, milo-fed steers had a higher (P<.OOI) yield grade. Steers fed com had a higher (P<.OOI) degree of yellow pigmentation in external fat than those fed milo. Supplemental yellow grease resulted in an additive increase (P<.025) in yellow pigmentation. There were no differences in peak shear force or sensory traits of beef longissimus muscle as a result of either grain type or fat level. Our data indicate that steam flaking can increase the net energy value of milo to nearly that of flaked com, with no detrimental effects on the quality of beef produced.

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Value Of Ralgro® Implants In Feedlot Steers Previously Maintained On A High Endophyte-Infected Fescue Hay, L.R. Corah, F.K. Brazle, Frank Blecha, P.G. Reddy, R.E. Jr. Wary, J. Klindt Jan 1990

Value Of Ralgro® Implants In Feedlot Steers Previously Maintained On A High Endophyte-Infected Fescue Hay, L.R. Corah, F.K. Brazle, Frank Blecha, P.G. Reddy, R.E. Jr. Wary, J. Klindt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Steers previously fed high-endophyte fescue hay showed a greater response of Ralgro® implants than those fed a low-endophyte hay. The mode of action for this response was not explained by cellular immune system responses or variability in prolactin levels.

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Value Of Rice Mill Feed As A Feedstuff For Backgrounding Heifers, F.K. Brazle, K.P. Coffey Jan 1990

Value Of Rice Mill Feed As A Feedstuff For Backgrounding Heifers, F.K. Brazle, K.P. Coffey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Stocker heifers were fed diets of either 67% rice mill feed + 33 % dehydrated alfalfa pellets (RA) or a 67% grain sorghum + 33% dehydrated alfalfa pellets (GA). The RA heifers consumed more feed daily but gained slower (P<.05), resulting in poorer feed efficiency. RA heifers also had a lower percentage shrink (P<.05) during the first 2 1/2 hr of simulated trucking. Rice mill feed is a poor feedstuff for growing calves when included in rations at high levels.

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Performance Of Steers Limit-Fed In Drylot Or On Mature Native Pasture, F.K. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1990

Performance Of Steers Limit-Fed In Drylot Or On Mature Native Pasture, F.K. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growing steers were limit-fed the same amount of a grain- and silage-based ration either in drylot or on dormant native range. The steers wintered on pasture gained 14.2% slower (1.82 V5 2.08 lb/d; P<.01) and were 15.3% less efficient than those in drylot, apparently because of increased energy expenditure from voluntary exercise.

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Effects Of Amaferm® (Aspergillus Oryzae Fermentation Extract) On Performance And Body Temperature Of Stockers Fed Diets With Or Without Fescue Endophyte, K.P. Coffey, F.K. Brazle, Joseph L. Moyer Jan 1990

Effects Of Amaferm® (Aspergillus Oryzae Fermentation Extract) On Performance And Body Temperature Of Stockers Fed Diets With Or Without Fescue Endophyte, K.P. Coffey, F.K. Brazle, Joseph L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty-four stocker steers were offered endophyte-free fescue hay ad libitum, with either bromegrass or high-endophyte fescue seed screenings and supplements with or without Amaferm8 (Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract). Steers offered bromegrass seed screenings gained faster (P<.01), consumed more feed (P<.01), and converted feed dry matter to gain more efficiently (P<.01) than those fed fescue seed screenings. Amaferm did not affect stocker performance or reduce rectal temperature. Therefore, feeding high-endophyte fescue screenings reduced intake and daily gain, and Amaferm did not offset those effects.

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Evaluation Of Wheat Middlings-Based Supplements At Different Crude Protein Concentrations For Cattle Consuming Winter Range Forage, G.D. Sunvold, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant Jan 1990

Evaluation Of Wheat Middlings-Based Supplements At Different Crude Protein Concentrations For Cattle Consuming Winter Range Forage, G.D. Sunvold, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Influence of increasing crude protein concentration in a wheat middlings-based supplement was evaluated in an intake/digestion trial. Protein-supplemented steers demonstrated increased (P<.01) intake of dormant, bluestem-range forage when compared with unsupplemented steers. Although increasing concentration of supplemental crude protein from 15 to 20% substantially increased (P<.01) forage and total dry matter intake. only slight increases in forage and total dry matter intake occurred when the concentration exceeded 20%. Protein supplementation increased (P<.01) fiber and dry matter digestibilities. Additionally. fiber digestibility tended (P=.087) to increase with increasing crude protein concentration of the supplement. Results suggest that when feeding a wheat middlings-based supplement. the crude protein concentration should be 20% or higher to optimize use of poor-quality forage.

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Influence Of Supplementation Method On Forage Use And Grazing Behavior Of Beef Cattle Grazing Bluestem Range, S.D. Brandyberry, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, T. Delcurto, J.E. Schneider, L.R. Corah Jan 1990

Influence Of Supplementation Method On Forage Use And Grazing Behavior Of Beef Cattle Grazing Bluestem Range, S.D. Brandyberry, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, T. Delcurto, J.E. Schneider, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fifteen ruminally and 12 esophageally fistulated steers were used in two 28-d trials (late summer and early winter) to determine the influence of method of supplementation on forage use and grazing behavior. 1Ceatments were: 1) self-feeding supplement with salt to limit intake; 2) daily hand-feeding supplement and salt; 3) daily hand-feeding supplement without salt. Forage intake was not affected by season or supplementation method; however, total diet organic matter digestibility was higher in the late summer (P<.01) and lower when steers received supplement without salt (P<.05). Supplementation method did not affect the time that animals spent grazing or the distance travelled; however, both were greater (P<.01) during the summer period. Self-feeding supplement did not appear to adversely affect forage use in grazing beef steers.

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Nitrate Variation In Sudan Hay Bales From The Same Field, Carl H. Garten Jan 1990

Nitrate Variation In Sudan Hay Bales From The Same Field, Carl H. Garten

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Individual large round bales of sudan hay from the same cutting and field ranged from 1,525 to 6,250 ppm nitrate (NO3 ), with an average of 2,764 ppm. These results illustrate the substantial variability that can occur in the nitrate content of forage packages because of location in the field and serves to caution producers when feeding such forages.

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