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1988

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Articles 61 - 88 of 88

Full-Text Articles in Other Animal Sciences

Effect Of Limit-Fed, High Energy Growing Rations On The Performance Of Feedlot Steers, G. Goldy, B. Downey, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1988

Effect Of Limit-Fed, High Energy Growing Rations On The Performance Of Feedlot Steers, G. Goldy, B. Downey, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Steers red high-concentrate limit-fed rations were more efficient during growing than steers fed silage plus grain at 25% of their dry matter (DM) intake, or silage only. The limit-fed cattle also tended to gain faster (P<.10) and were more efficient (P<.05) during the finishing phase and did not have the expected depressed DM intakes compared to cattle fed the other growing-phase rations. Steers fed barely had lower DM intakes (P<.05) but gained more efficiently (P<.05) than those fed grain sorghum.

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Glucose, Starch, And Dextrin Utilization In The Small Intestine Of Steers, K.K. Kreikemeier, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery, Robert T. Brandt Jr. Jan 1988

Glucose, Starch, And Dextrin Utilization In The Small Intestine Of Steers, K.K. Kreikemeier, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery, Robert T. Brandt Jr.

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Glucose infused into the abomasum of Holstein steers resulted in higher arterial glucose concentrations and increased net glucose absorption than either starch or dextrin infusions. Increasing infusion rates above 20 g/hr for both starch and dextrin resulted in no further increases in net glucose absorption. Even though the enzymatic starch and dextrin hydrolysis became saturated above 25 g/hr, the amount of starch and dextrin disappearing in the small intestine increased with higher infusion rates. This was accompanied by increased volatile fatty acid concentrations in the ileal fluid with starch and dextrin infusions, but not when glucose was infused. These data …

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Experimental Induction And Monitoring Of Liver Abscesses In Cattle With Ultrasonography, K.F. Lechtenberg, T.B. Avery, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1988

Experimental Induction And Monitoring Of Liver Abscesses In Cattle With Ultrasonography, K.F. Lechtenberg, T.B. Avery, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We have demonstrated that ultrasonography can be used to visualize liver abscess in live cattle. We have also developed a nonsurgical method of catheterizing the bovine portal vein and experimentally inducing liver abscesses by inoculating the portal vein with Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteria.

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Testing Feedstuffs Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs), P.C. Dubois, L.H. Harbers Jan 1988

Testing Feedstuffs Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs), P.C. Dubois, L.H. Harbers

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Over 16 years ago, an analytical instrument was developed that could rapidly determine the concentration of organic compounds from the spectra produced by the bonding between certain molecules. The instrument is based on the principle that those molecules absorb electromagnetic radiation in the infrared region. Compounds may be quantitated by using a computer to compare absorption bands in the near-infrared spectrum to those from a large calibration set of known composition. Peaks from compounds such as water, protein, fat, and carbohydrate may be translated into nutrient components such as moisture, crude protein, crude fat, acid detergent fiber, etc. all this …

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Evaluating The Availability Of Nutrients For Maintenance And Growth In Ruminants, K. Gross, D. Harmon, T. Avery Jan 1988

Evaluating The Availability Of Nutrients For Maintenance And Growth In Ruminants, K. Gross, D. Harmon, T. Avery

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were performed with mature wether lambs to evaluate availability of selected nutrients and volatile fatty acids for maintenance and growth. We used a technique in which known amounts of volatile fatty acids were infused into the rumen and casein into the abomasum. Sampling portal blood allowed measurement of nutrients absorbed across the gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 49, 62, and 21% of the infused acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively, were absorbed across the gastrointestinal tract.

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Effect Of Environmental Temperature And Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Alfalfa And Forage Sorghum Silages, K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, L. Nuzback, R. Hart Jan 1988

Effect Of Environmental Temperature And Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Alfalfa And Forage Sorghum Silages, K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, L. Nuzback, R. Hart

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The inoculants, TriLac ®and Ecosyl® increased the rate and efficiency of the ensiling process in both high (50%) and low (32.5%) dry matter alfalfa, regardless of temperature. In both alfalfa trials, the inoculated silages had significantly lower pH, acetic acid, ethanol, and ammonia-nitrogen values and higher lactic acid values than their control counterparts. The inoculants worked equally well when fermentation was at 60 or 90 F. Although similar effects were obtained with forage sorghum, the differences were not as pronounced as those for the alfalfa silages.

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Inoculant-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, B. Kireh, A. Laytimi, J. Hoover, H. Ilg Jan 1988

Inoculant-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, B. Kireh, A. Laytimi, J. Hoover, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Whole-plant corn silages were treated with Ecosyl® in one trial and Biomate4ll or Silagest® in a second trial. In both trials, the silages were well preserved and moderately stable in air during the feed-out period. Inoculated silages had slightly lower ensiling temperatures than control silages. Laboratory silo results indicated that all silages fermented extremely fast, but inoculated silages did have slightly lower pH and higher lactic acid values during the first 4 days post-filling. Calves fed inoculated silage rations tended to gain faster and more efficiently than those fed control silages. Gain per ton of crop ensiled also favored the …

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Whole-Plant Forage And Grain Sorghums And Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, B. Kirch, S. Hamma, K. Bolsen, J. Hoover, Jack G. Riley Jan 1988

Whole-Plant Forage And Grain Sorghums And Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, B. Kirch, S. Hamma, K. Bolsen, J. Hoover, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to determine the feeding value of whole-plant forage sorghum, grain sorghum, and corn silages, with and without 25% rolled grain sorghum added to the ration. In general, growing cattle fed corn or grain sorghum silages out-performed those fed forage sorghum silages. Only forage sorghums with moderate grain yields supported gains approaching those from grain sorghum silages. With the addition of 25% rolled grain sorghum, cattle performance from the low and medium grain-yielding forage sorghum silages was improved greatly (gains by 20 to 44%, dry matter intake by 12 to 17%, feed conversion by 4 to 25%). …

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Relationship Between Agronomic And Silage Quality Traits Of Forage Sorghum Cultivars, J. White, K. Bolsen, B. Kirch Jan 1988

Relationship Between Agronomic And Silage Quality Traits Of Forage Sorghum Cultivars, J. White, K. Bolsen, B. Kirch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Results from two trials evaluating 11 forage sorghums as silage crops indicated that silage quality traits of voluntary intake, digestibility, and crude protein content were linearly associated with the agronomic characteristics of days to half bloom and plant height. Intake was negatively associated with plant height (r = -.49); digestibility was negatively associated with days to half bloom (r = -.39) and plant height (r = -.49); and crude protein was negatively associated with days to half bloom (r = - .51) and plant height (r = -. 71). Within the same cultivar, but between years, voluntary intake varied by …

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Selecting Forage Sorghum Cultivars For Silage, J. White, K. Bolsen, B. Kirch, L. Pfaff Jan 1988

Selecting Forage Sorghum Cultivars For Silage, J. White, K. Bolsen, B. Kirch, L. Pfaff

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty forage sorghum cultivars were compared in 1986 for agronomic and silage quality traits. Silage yield ranged from 5.3 to 10.0 tons (t) of dry matter (DM) per acre (mean, 7.4 t); grain yield, from 13 to 113 bushels (bu) per acre (mean, 66 bu). Percent lodging was extremely high, with a mean of 51% and only one cultivar free of lodging. Pre-ensiled DM content ranged from 22.2 to 35.4% (mean, 27.4%) and plant height from 85 to 180 inches (mean, 121 inches). Silage quality results showed that in vitro DM digestibility ranged from 44.6 to 62.1% (mean, 53%); crude …

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Yield, Chemical Composition, And Feeding Value Of Winter Cereal Silages And Hays: A 3 Year Study, S. Azimi, K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, S.H.M. Esmail, J. Hoover, Q.K. Ye Jan 1988

Yield, Chemical Composition, And Feeding Value Of Winter Cereal Silages And Hays: A 3 Year Study, S. Azimi, K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, S.H.M. Esmail, J. Hoover, Q.K. Ye

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three trials were conducted to compare silage and hay yields and feeding values of winter cereal foraged harvested in the boot and dough stages of maturity. Included were triticale; common rye; Kanby barley; and Centurk, Arkan, and Bounty 205 wheats. As expected, forage dry matter (DM) yields were higher at the dough stage then boot stage, and silage yields tended to be higher than those for hay. In Trials 2 and 3 (1986-87), barley and rye forage yields were lower than wheat yields. In all three years, wet weather conditions made hay-making difficult. In Trial 1, cattle performance from dough …

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The Effect Of Alfalfa Weevil Control On Alfalfa Hay Yield And Quality, B. Ritter, B. Bauernfeind Jan 1988

The Effect Of Alfalfa Weevil Control On Alfalfa Hay Yield And Quality, B. Ritter, B. Bauernfeind

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 2-year-old, irriagated alfalfa field was left untreated or treated with ¼ lb, ½ lb, or 1 lb of Furadan® per acre on April 5, 1986. Alfalfa weevil populations were determined 2,9,16 and 23 days post-spraying. Forage samples were collected at about the 1/10 bloom stage of maturity. All three Furadan levels provided excellent weevil control up to 23 days post-spraying, and all resulted in an increase in dry matter yield. But only the yield of the 1 lb./A. treatment was significantly (P<.15) greater than the untreated forage (1.97 vs. 2.44 tons/A). There was no difference in nutrient composition between the untreated and treated forage. All Furadan treatment resulted in a net economic gain per acre. In this study, between ½ lb and 1 lb Furadan per acre resulted in the greatest weevil control and economic return per acre.

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Stocking Rate Effects On Intensive-Early Stocked Bluestem Range, R. Cochran, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1988

Stocking Rate Effects On Intensive-Early Stocked Bluestem Range, R. Cochran, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Based on a six-year study, stocking at 2.5x and 3.0x normal season-long rates for the first half of the growing season with no grazing during the latter half results in individual steer gains that are equal to those under the 2.0x rate. The gain per acre was greatly increased at the higher stocking rates. Grass remaining in early October was 20 percent lower on pastures stocked at the 2.5x and 3.0x rates than at the 2.0x rate. However, there was no trend toward further reductions over the study period. Botanical composition did not change greatly as a result of the …

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Feedlot Performance By Steers Fed Sprout-Damaged Milo, K.P. Coffey, Lyle W. Lomas Jan 1988

Feedlot Performance By Steers Fed Sprout-Damaged Milo, K.P. Coffey, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-eight Charolais crossbred steers were fed sprouted or nonsprouted milo for 139 days in a finishing study. Steers fed sprouted milo (51% sprout damage, 60 lb. per bu.) were 28 lb. heavier (P<.10) and gained 8.4% faster (P<.10) while consuming 2.7% less (P>.10) feed per pound of gain. Sprout damaged milo had no significant (P>.10) effect on carcass characteristics. These data indicate that cattle fed sprouted milo should perform as well or better than those fed nonsprouted milo.

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Comparison Of Wet Versus Dry Feeding For Starter Pigs (1988), R C. Thaler, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1988

Comparison Of Wet Versus Dry Feeding For Starter Pigs (1988), R C. Thaler, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies utilizing a total of 480 pigs (21 days old) were conducted to compare wet versus dry feeding during a 4 wk starter period. Pigs were fed a pelletized, high nutrient density diet for the first 2 wk and a semi-complex diet (meal form) for the last 2 wk. Aqua® feeders were used in all pens. During the first 2 wk of the study, feeding method had no effect on daily gain or feed intake; however, pigs fed dry diets required less feed per pound of gain than did pigs consuming wet diets (P<.0002). For the overall 4 wk trial, gains and feed intake did not differ between treatments, but pigs fed the wet diets were less efficient than pigs receiving the dry diets. Based on these results, wet feeding is not advantageous to starter pig performance.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

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Farm, Wholesale, And Retail Beef Price Relationship, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1988

Farm, Wholesale, And Retail Beef Price Relationship, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Analysis of weekly retail, wholesale, and farm beef price data indicated that a time lag exists between price changes at the various market levels. Farm-level slaughter cattle price changes typically lead wholesale beef price changes by 2 to 3 weeks. Similarly, wholesale beef price changes typically lead price changes at the retail level by 3 to 4 weeks.

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Effect Of Tetronasin On Frothy Bloat In Cattle Caused By High-Grain Diet, L.R. Neibarger, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1988

Effect Of Tetronasin On Frothy Bloat In Cattle Caused By High-Grain Diet, L.R. Neibarger, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feeding Tetronasin reduced incidence of frothy bloat in cattle fed a high-grain diet. The effective dose was 0.25 mg/kg body weight when administered prior to the onset of frothy bloat. At 0.15 mg/kg body weight, the antibiotic was less effective but the degree of bloat was considerably less than that of steers fed no antibiotic. Tetronasin also reduced the severity of bloat in steers that were already bloating prior to its administration.

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Effect Of Enzyme And Inoculant Additives On Preservation And Feeding Value Of Wheat And Forage Sorghum Silages, A. Laytimi, K. Bolsen, J. Schurhammer, B. Kirch Jan 1988

Effect Of Enzyme And Inoculant Additives On Preservation And Feeding Value Of Wheat And Forage Sorghum Silages, A. Laytimi, K. Bolsen, J. Schurhammer, B. Kirch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Enzyme and inoculant additives produced more efficiently preserved wheat and forage sorghum silages and improved their feeding value. In general, treated silages had lower pH, acetic acid, and ammonia-nitrogen values and higher lactic acid and lactic to acetic acid ratios than untreated silages. In two of the three trials, cell wall and acid detergent fiber fractions were lower in treated than untreated silages. In Trial 2, the treated sorghum silages were extremely unstable in air and cattle performance was similar for control and treated silages. In Trial 3, gains and feed conversions in steers were improved for those fed treated …

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Influence Of Supplemental Protein Concentration On The Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Dormant Bluestem Range, T. Delcurto, B. Cochran, L. Corah Jan 1988

Influence Of Supplemental Protein Concentration On The Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Dormant Bluestem Range, T. Delcurto, B. Cochran, L. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three milo/soybean meal mixtures representing three supplemental crude protein concentrations (13, 26, and 39%) were evaluated in terms of pregnant beef cow performance. Cow weight and body condition changes responded in a linear fashion to increasing protein. Cattle fed the high protein (39% Crude Protein) supplement lost the least weight and body condition, whereas cattle supplemented with the low protein treatment lost the most. Although there was little difference between treatment groups in terms of reproductive efficiency and subsequent calf performance, moderate (26% Crude Protein) and high protein supplements appear to offer the most benefit in maintaining cow\weight and body …

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Morning Versus Evening Supplementation For Heifers Grazing Winter Range, E. Vanzant, B. Cochran, L. Corah, K. Zoellner Jan 1988

Morning Versus Evening Supplementation For Heifers Grazing Winter Range, E. Vanzant, B. Cochran, L. Corah, K. Zoellner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Supplementing developing heifers in the morning was compared with supplementation at sundown. No difference was evident among treatments in average daily gain, distance traveled, or time spent grazing.

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The Effects Of Porcine Somatotropin (Pst) And Dietary Lysine Level On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Swine (1988), R C. Thaler, B R. Schricker, G E. Fitzner, A J. Lewis, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert H. Hines, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1988

The Effects Of Porcine Somatotropin (Pst) And Dietary Lysine Level On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Swine (1988), R C. Thaler, B R. Schricker, G E. Fitzner, A J. Lewis, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert H. Hines, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-two finishing pigs averaging 130 lb were utilized to determine the effects of PST and dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs were injected daily with 4 mg PST in the extensor muscle of the neck and fed either a pelleted corn-sesame meal diet (.6% lysine, 17.7% crude protein) or diets containing .8, 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4% lysine provided by L-lysine HCl. All diets were formulated to contain at least 200% of NRC (1979) recommendations for other amino acids. Control pigs received a placebo injection and the .6% lysine diet. Increasing levels of dietary lysine resulted in increased …

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Space Requirement Of Finishing Pigs Fed To Heavier Weight (1988), David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1988

Space Requirement Of Finishing Pigs Fed To Heavier Weight (1988), David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials, using a total of 240, crossbred, finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate 7, 9, and 11 ft^2 space allowance per pig from approximately 115 lb to a market weight of 250 lb. Pigs were removed individually each week as they reached the desired weight. Pigs reared in pens with 7 ft^2 had a reduced average daily feed intake and a significantly reduced average daily gain compared to those with 9 and 11 ft^2. Feed/gain was the same for all treatments; however, the pigs with 7 ft^2 required 4 days longer to reach 250 lb. Performance data suggests that …

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Litter Traits For Gilts Fed 4 Or 7.4 Lb Feed During The First Ten Days After Breeding (1988), Duane L. Davis, Z Zhang, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1988

Litter Traits For Gilts Fed 4 Or 7.4 Lb Feed During The First Ten Days After Breeding (1988), Duane L. Davis, Z Zhang, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We tested the effects of feeding 4 or 7.4 lb of a complete gestation diet to gilts during days 0 to 2 or 3 to 10 after first detected estrus (day 0) and mating. There was a tendency (P = .11) for the 7.4 lb/day treatment to increase litter size when fed from day 0 to 2 and to decrease (P = .17) litter size when fed from day 3 to 10. Gilts artificially inseminated at puberty farrowed fewer (P<.05) pigs than gilts inseminated at a second or later estrus.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

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Daily Or Weekly Rotational Feeding Of Bovatec®- And Rumensin®/Tylan® To Cattle On A Steam-Flaked Corn Finishing Ration, Robert T. Brandt Jr. Jan 1988

Daily Or Weekly Rotational Feeding Of Bovatec®- And Rumensin®/Tylan® To Cattle On A Steam-Flaked Corn Finishing Ration, Robert T. Brandt Jr.

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred sixty-five crossbred steers averaging 823 lb were utilized to evaluate the daily or weekly rotational feeding of ionophores. Treatments were (g/ton of feed, 90% dry basis): 1) Bovatec (B; 30), 2) Rumensin plus Tylan (RT; 25 and 10, respectively), 3) treatments one and two in a daily rotation (D), and 4) treatments one and two in a weekly rotation (W). Steers fed RT consumed less (P<.05) dry matter than B, D>or W steers. No differences (P>.15) in daily gain were observed, suggesting that the increased consumption by B, D) and W steers was accompanied by an al teration in passage rate …

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Effect Of Cobactin On The Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Beef Steers, L. Corah, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1988

Effect Of Cobactin On The Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Beef Steers, L. Corah, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The addition of Cobactin to feedlot rations had no significant effect on average daily gain or feed efficiency, but did improve quality grade of steers fed for 110 days.

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Serum Cholesterol Concentrations In Yearling Bulls, G. Goldy, W. Olsen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1988

Serum Cholesterol Concentrations In Yearling Bulls, G. Goldy, W. Olsen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A wide range in serum cholesterol concentrations was observed within and between all four breeds of yearling bulls studied. The significance of this observation is unknown at this time. Addition research is necessary to determine the heritability of serum cholesterol, and the relationship between serum cholesterol of sires and the tissue cholesterol of their progeny.

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Effect Of Grain Source And Brewer's Grain On The Performance And Serum Cholesterol Concentration Of Finishing Steers, G. Goldy, Jack G. Riley Jan 1988

Effect Of Grain Source And Brewer's Grain On The Performance And Serum Cholesterol Concentration Of Finishing Steers, G. Goldy, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The inclusion of brewer's grains at 20% of the ration dry matter increased dry matter intake, resulting in poorer feed efficiency. Brewer's grain appeared to increase serum cholesterol. Serum cholesterol increased as days on feed increased, similar to other reported studies. Steers fed grain sorghum had greater dry matter intakes and poorer feed efficiencies than those fed barley or wheat. Analysis of tissue samples has not been completed at this time, which prohibits drawing any conclusions as to the effect on tissue cholesterol concentrations.

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Effect Of Commercial Inoculants On Fermentation Of 1987 Silage Crops, K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, R. Hart, L. Nuzback, F. Niroomand, L. Leipold, H Ilg Jan 1988

Effect Of Commercial Inoculants On Fermentation Of 1987 Silage Crops, K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, R. Hart, L. Nuzback, F. Niroomand, L. Leipold, H Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fourteen commercial silage inoculants were evaluated in 32 trials using nine different crop species harvested in 1987 and ensiled in PVC laboratory silos. Microorganism profiles of the crops showed high numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in all but one trial. Most inoculants supplied relatively high numbers of LAB per gram of crop--52 of the 66 inoculant samples supplied more than 10 (100,000) viable LAB per gram. The forage crops--wheat, bromegrass, sudangrass, and alfalfa--were highly responsive to the inoculants. When compared to untreated silages, treated silages had lower pH, acetic acid, ethanol, and ammonia-nitrogen values and higher lactic acid content. …

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