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Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1996 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Marine Resource Bulletin Vol. 29, No. 1 & 2, Virginia Sea Grant, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Marine Resource Bulletin

Contents

Tunas Atlantic Bluefin Management

Virginia's Offshore Fishing

Wachapreague: Home of Virginia's Oldest Charterboat Fleet Schooling

Temerature, Temperature: The Key to Tuna Storage

State-of-the-Art Tags

Tunas in the Western Atlantic

Recent Publications

Identification Of A Fish Host Of The Inflated Heelsplitter Potamilus Inflatus( Bivalvia: Unionidae) With A Description Of Its Glochidium, Kevin J. Roe, Andrew M. Simons, Paul Hartfield

Kevin J. Roe

A survey of the fishes of the lack Warrior River was undertaken to determine fish host(s) of the federally threatened inflated heelsplitter, Potamilus inflatus. Seven hundred-twenty individual fishes representing 30 species were examined; mussel glochidia were found on 10 individual fishes representing nine species. Potamilus inflatus glochidia were only found infesting one freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens), which is concordant with previous findings for the genus Potamilus. The morphology of P. inflatus glochidia is described and compared to P. purpuratus.

Natural History Of The Four-Toed Salamander, Hemidactylium Scutatum, In West Virginia, Sandra L. Kilpatrick

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A 2-year study was conducted to determine the reproductive and nesting habits, embryonic and larval development, and tolerance to acid conditions of Hemidactylium scutatum in West Virginia. Five study sites located in or adjacent to the Otter Creek National Wilderness Area, Monongahela National Forest, Randolph County, West Virginia, were monitored to determine nesting habits and length of incubation and larval periods in Hemidactylium Time of breeding was determined by spermatogenic wave analysis and time of egg deposition was determined by examination of ovarian follicles and field observations of gravid females migrating to nest sites. Breeding occurred in autumn and again …

Ecological Life History Of Crangonyx Pseudogracilis Bousfield (Crustacea: Amphipoda) In The Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area, Cabell County, West Virginia, Andrea Leigh Henry

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Although the genus Crangonyx has been studied in the Appalachian area, most of this work has concentrated on subterranean species. A Crangonyx pseudogracilis population from the Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area (GBWMA), Cabell County, West Virginia was sampled weekly from March 1995 through July 1996 to investigate the ecological life history of the amphipod. A total of 1508 amphipods were collected. Amphipods were present in the study sites from November through July, at which time they migrated to deeper waters. Crangonyx pseudogracilis had a one year life cycle and bred from November to May. Adult amphipods began to die off …

Observations On Reproduction, Isozyme Patterns, And Meristics In Mosquitofish (Pisces: Poeciliidae) From West Virginia, Matt Mcreynolds

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Prior to 1988, two subspecies of the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis (G. a. affinis and G. a. holbrooki) were recognized along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts of the United States. Based on electrophoretic analysis, subsequent investigators recognized G. holbrooki and G. affinis as separate species. Populations in drainages west of Mobile Bay were considered G. affinis, and those east of this divide being G. holbrooki. The only mosquitofish population in West Virginia is found in the Meadow River wetlands (1392 ha). This wetland complex is located at the western end of Greenbrier County in the Allegheny Mountain Province. …

Diet And Growth Of Larval And Juvenile Grass Pickerel, Esox Americanus Vermiculatus, And Central Mudminnow, Umbra Limi, In The Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area, Cabell County, West Virginia, Erica Midkiff

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The grass pickerel, Esox americanus vermiculatus, is listed as Undetermined on the Vertebrate Species List of Concern in West Virginia. The central mudminnow, Umbra limi, is a disjunct population in Green Bottom Swamp. The lentic, vegetated areas that are required for spawning for the grass pickerel and the central mudminnow have been reduced by residential, agricultural, and industrial developments. Green Bottom Swamp, a naturally occurring wetland of 58 ha, and a nearby mitigated wetland of 29 ha, provides spawning habitat for the grass pickerel and the mudminnow. Fishes were collected in beds of Potamogetan crispus and Ceratophyllum demursum …

Lake Winona Committee Documents, Cal R. Fremling

Cal Fremling Papers

Documents for the Lake Winona Committee, including meeting agendas and memos, handwritten notes, and a news clipping from the Winona Daily News concerning a funding plan for dredging Lake Winona. 8 pages. Part of the Cal R. Fremling Collection.

Comparison Of The Aquatic Ecology Of Side-Canyons And The Main Channel Of Lake Powell 1997, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Kirsten L. Gallo

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Physical characteristics of lakes are highly interrelated with biological characteristics. We measured and analyzed the physical characteristics of two side canyons in order to better understand differences in productivity between side canyons and the main channel and to provide general information on the characteristics of the lake.

Fertilization Of An Oligotrophic Lake With A Deep Chlorophyll Maximum: Predicting The Effect On Primary Productivity, H. P. Gross, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Phaedra E. Budy, Chris Luecke

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We investigated how epilimnetic fertilization would affect chlorophyll levels and light penetration of oligotrophic sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) lakes and how the resulting self-shading would affect primary production of the prominent deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) of the lakes. Epilimnetic nutrient additions to large mesocosms (330 m3) in Redfish Lake, Idaho, increased levels of primary productivity and chlorophyll a but decreased Secchi depths and light available in the metalimnion and hypolimnion. Redfish Lake and other Sawtooth Valley (Idaho) lakes had DCM in which the mean chlorophyll a peaks were 240-1000% of mean epilimnetic chlorophyll a concentrations. The DCM existed at low …

Hydroacoustic Assessment Of Abundance And Diel Distribution Of Sockeye Salmon And Kokanee In The Sawtooth Valley Lakes, Idaho, D. Beauchamp, Chris Luecke, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, H. G. Gross, Phaedra E. Budy, S. Spaulding, R. Dilenger, C. P. Gubala

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We used dual-beam hydroacoustics and echo integration techniques, combined with midwater trawling and gillnetting, to assess the abundance and distribution of the endangered Snake River juvenile sockeye salmon and resident kokanee (both Oncorhynchus nerka) in Sawtooth Valley lakes of Idaho during September 1991 and 1992. Abundance of O. nerka varied among the four lakes containing this species (12,500–257,000) and varied between years in Redfish Lake (86,400 in 1994 and 241,000 in 1992) and Alturas Lake (230,000 in 1991 and 257,000 in 1992). In Alturas Lake, where piscivore densities were high and zooplankton densities were low, small acoustic targets (≤18 cm …

Nutrient Limitation Of Oligotrophic Sockeye Salmon Lakes Of Idaho (Usa), Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, H. P. Gross, Chris Luecke, Phaedra E. Budy

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

"Phytoplankton production in lake ecosystems is frequently controlled by amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus (Smith 1982, Elser et al. 1990), as well as minor- and micro-nutrients (Wurtsbaugh & Horne 1983, Wurtsbaugh 1988, Lovstad & Bjorndalen 1990). Nutrient limitation is often studied to determine which nutrient(s) should be reduced to control lake eutrophication (Schindler 1974(. Conversely, nutrients have been used for decades to stimulate plankton and, subsequently, fish production in aquaculture (Bardach et al. 1972). More recently, lake fertilization has been used to augment salmon runs for commercial exploitation (Hyatt & Stockner 1985, lye et al. 1988), and it has been …

Attributes Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies In Northcentral Montana, Richard Reading, Randy Matchett

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

We examined several characteristics of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in Phillips County, Montana, including slope, aspect, soils, land tenure, and distance from roads using a geographic information system (GIs). Colonies exhibited significantly smaller slopes, but not significantly different aspects than did randomly located polygons. In addition, colonies were more prevalent than expected on well drained clay-loam and loam soils and on U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land than on other soil types or on private land. Although prairie dogs commonly use roads for dispersal, distance to nearest road was not related to prairie dog density …

Native Habitats Of The Twin Cities Area, Craig A. Faanes

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

European settlers and their descendants have left an indelible mark on the landscape of most of the Nation, especially near major population centers. Responding to the dramatic changes in landscape, conservation biologists find themselves scurrying to save a bit of the once bountiful diversity. But before steps can be taken to protect remaining resources, a thorough inventory of the land and its resources is required.

1997 North American Conference On The Monarch Butterfly

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

The Monarch Butterfly has attracted much interest because it is unique not only among insects, but among all living things. The largest Monarch population emerges in the central and northeastern United States and Canada and flutters its way south several thousand kilometers to remote fir forests in the central mountains of Mexico. There they overwinter in about twenty compact colonies—sometimes numbering in the tens of millions—often within a stone’s throw of local subsistence farms sustaining Mexican campesinos (small-scale farmers) and indigenous peoples. In the spring, the northward trek begins, often with an additional generation being required to reach the northern …

Environmental Contaminants In The Aquatic Bird Food Chain Of An Oil Refinery Wastewater Pond, Pedro Ramirez Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

Bird mortalities have been documented in oilfield waste pits in Wyoming and various other oil-producing states in the western United States. In the semi-arid West, migratory birds mistake wastewater ponds or pits for wetlands. Most refineries use large ponds to contain their wastewater. One refinery in Casper, Wyoming actively discharged refinery wastewater into a closed basin, Soda Lake. This created a wetland that attracts numerous aquatic birds, in particular, nesting colonies of gulls (Larus spp.), terns (Sterna spp.), double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis), dabbler ducks (Anas spp.) and American avocets ( …

Nesting Piping Plover And Least Tern On The Kansas River, William H. Busby, Daniel W. Mulhern, P. Gregory Kramos, David A. Rintoul, William C. Tuttle

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

A portion of the Kansas River in northeastern Kansas was surveyed by boat and air in 1996 and 1997 for nesting colonies of piping plover (Charadrius melodus) and least tern (Sterna antillarum). Both species were found breeding on sandbars at a total of five sites along a 30-km reach of the Kansas River. In 1996, at least two breeding pair of piping plovers and seven breeding pair of least terns were documented. In 1997, at least one pair of piping plovers and five pairs of least terns bred. These are the first known breeding records for …

Arsenic, Mercury, Selenium, And Organochlorine Compounds In Interior Least Tern Eggs In The Northern Great Plains States, 1992-1994, George T. Allen, Susan Humphreys Blackford

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentrations of arsenic, mercury, selenium, and chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds in interior least tern eggs from the northern Great Plains states from 1992 through 1994. The Environmental Contaminants Specialists in Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana agreed on a standard protocol for collection and analyses of eggs during the study period.

Addled, fiooded, or abandoned eggs collected during the study period were submitted for chemical analysis by the Environmental Contaminants Specialist in each state.

A total of 104 eggs were analyzed for arsenic, mercury, and selenium; 78 of them also were …

Follow-Up Investigation Of Selenium And Other Trace Elements In Biota From The Riverton Reclamation Project, Fremont County, Wyoming, Pedro Ramirez Jr., Kim Dickerson

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

A reconnaissance study was completed for the Riverton Reclamation Project (Riverton Project) in 1989 by Peterson et al. (1991) showed slightly elevated selenium concentrations in biota at several wetland sites. A follow-up investigation was initiated for the Department of Interior's National Irrigation Water Quality Program in 1994 to verify that selenium concentrations in biota were elevated above levels that cause adverse effects to aquatic migratory birds. Pondweed (Potamogeton vaginatus), aquatic invertebrates, bird eggs, and fish were collected from several wetlands managed by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department and analyzed for selenium and other trace elements. Selenium concentrations …

Neotropical Migratory Birds, Stephanie L. Jones

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

This book is a follow-up synthesis to a meeting held in Estes Park, Colorado, in 1992, by Partners in Flight - Aves de Americas. An earlier volume, edited by Finch and P. W. Stangel (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-229, 1993) included most of the papers presented at that meeting. This book is a carefully edited synthesis of some of the issues that arose from an increased interest in neotropical migratory birds. As …

Wildlife Biologue: American Buffalo (Bison Bison)

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

It is believed that buffalo, or bison, crossed over a land bridge that once connected the Asian and North American continents. Through the centuries buffalo slowly moved southward, eventually reaching as far south as Mexico and as far east as the Atlantic Coast, extending south to Florida. But the largest herds were found on the plains and prairies from the Rocky Mountains east to the Mississippi River, and from Great Slave Lake in Canada to Texas.

Because the great herds were nearly gone before any organized attempts were made to survey populations, we may never know just how many buffalo …

An Investigation Of Irrigation-Related Contaminants In Water, Bottom Sediment, And Biota From Goshen County, Wyoming., Kimberly Dickerson, Pedro Ramirez Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of trace element concentrations in water, sediment, aquatic vegetation, aquatic invertebrates, waterbird eggs, and fish resulting from irrigation drainwater during 1995 in Goshen County, Wyoming. We also analyzed waterbird eggs and fish from this area for organochlorine residues and attempted to determine the nesting success of various waterbirds.

Boron concentrations were elevated (>300 ug/g dry weight) in aquatic vegetation above concentrations shown to adversely affect sensitive waterfowl; however, these concentrations are similar to those found in aquatic vegetation sampled in other areas throughout Wyoming. Mercury concentrations in aquatic vegetation, aquatic invertebrates, and fish were …

Yield-Per-Recruit Analysis And Management Strategies For Atlantic Croaker, Micropogonias Undulatus, In The Middle Atlantic Bight, Luiz R. Barbieri, Mark E. Chittenden, Cynthia M. Jones

VIMS Articles

The effect of different fishing mortality (F) and natural mortality (M), and age at first capture (t(c)) on yield-per-recruit of Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus, in the lower Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina were evaluated with the Beverton-Holt model. Independent of the level of M (0.20-0.35) or F (0.01-2.0) used in simulations, yield-per-recruit values for Chesapeake Bay were consistently higher at t(c) = 1 and decreased continuously with increases in t(c) (2-5). Although maximum yield per-recruit always occurred at the maximum level off (F=2.0), marginal increases in yield beyond F = 0.50-0.75 were negligible. Current F (F-CUR) is estimated to be …

Evidence That Qpx (Quahog Parasite Unknown) Is Not Present In Hatchery-Produced Hard Clam Seed, Susan E. Ford, Roxanna Smolowitz, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Rochelle Barber, John N. Kraueter

VIMS Articles

A protistan parasite known as QPX (Quahog Parasite Unknown) has been recently associated with disease and mortality of adult hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, from Canada to Virginia. There is concern that the organism may be transported in hatchery-reared seed. Tissue sections of 2,203 seed clams (<1-20 mm) from 13 different hatcheries in six states, collected from 1995 to 1997 and examined by pathologists in three laboratories, failed to show QPX or QPX-like organisms. Further, QPX was not detected in a total of 756 hatchery-produced clams examined during their first year of field growout. From this, we conclude that hatchery-produced seed clams are an unlikely source of QPX organisms.

Disease Processes Of The Parasite Perkinsus Marinus In Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica: Minimum Dose For Infection Initiation, And Interaction Of Temperature, Salinity And Infective Cell Dose, Fle Chu, Ak Volety

VIMS Articles

Experiments were conducted to: (1) test the response of oysters to different doses of the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus and to 2 stages, meronts or prezoosporangia; and (2) investigate the synergistic effects of temperature, salinity and infective cell concentration on P. marinus infection in oysters. A dose-dependent response of P. marinus infection was found in oysters inoculated with 0, 10, 10(2), 10(4), and 10(5) meronts or prezoosporangia per oyster and maintained at 22 to 25 degrees C and 14 to 21 ppt for 8 to 12 wk. The minimum dose required to infect oysters was 10(2) meronts or prezoosporangia per …

1997 Rapid Ecological Assessment Northern Great Plains Steppe Ecoregion: Western And Central South Dakota, Northwestern Nebraska, Eastern Wyoming, A Final Report, Terri Hildebrand

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

In an effort to gain a more complete understanding of existing vegetative communities of the Northern Great Plains Steppe Ecoregion, rapid ecological assessment was undertaken throughout the ecoregion during the field season of 1997. Field office personnel of The Nature Conservancy and private contractors evaluated previously delineated regions in accordance with methodology determined in May of 1997. The following document presents results of the rapid ecological assessments performed by Hildebrand Contracting. The purpose of this document is to provide The Nature Conservancy with information to help determine the vegetative features of regions sampled. The specific areas and boundaries for evaluation …

Larvae Of Gillellus Jacksoni, G-Uranidea (Dactyloscopidae), Stathmonotus Stahli Tekla, And S-Hemphilli (Chaenopsidae), With Comments On The Use Of Early Life History Characters For Elucidating Relationships Within The Blennioidei, Mr Cavalluzzi

VIMS Articles

Larvae of the families Dactyloscopidae (Gillellus jacksoni, G. uranidea) and Chaenopsidae (Stathmonotus stahli tekla, S. hemphilli) are described from specimens collected in Ambergris Gay, Belize. Larvae are characterized by precocious development of fins and sensory canals, and little pigmentation overall, with the majority of pigmentation occurring ventrally. Pigment distributions in larvae are summarized for the six blennioid families. There are no unifying pigment characters among blennioid larvae. Larvae possess the six shared specialized characters or character complexes (as described in adults) currently used to hypothesize the monophyly of the Blennioidei, and thus, provide no new phylogenetic information.

Introduction To The Proceedings Of The Symposium Fish Larvae And Systematics: Ontogeny And Relationships, Jm Leis, Je Olney, M Okiyama

VIMS Articles

The International Larval Fish Conference was held in Sydney, Australia (26- 30 June 1995) as part of the 19th Annual Meeting of the Early Life History Section of the American Fisheries Society. At the conference, we convened a symposium ("Fish Larvae and Systematics: Ontogeny and Relationships") that was intended to stimulate the application of ontogenetic data to solve problems in fish systematics. The brief we gave the contributors to the symposium was this: "The theme of this symposium will be the use of information gained from egg and larval ontogeny in solving problems in systematics and phylogeny. Thus, we are …

Trends In Research On Crassostrea Virginica And Its Two Protozoan Parasites Perkinsus Marinus And Haplosporidium Nelsoni, Fu-Lin Chu

VIMS Articles

The protozoan parasites, Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) and Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), are two important pathogens which have caused severe mortality in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in the United States since 1950. This paper reviews and discusses the recent research on the diseases caused by these two parasites and focuses on: I. the in vivo and in vitro interactions between C. virginica and P. marinus, 2. the physiological and biochemical characterization of the parasite, P. marinus, and 3. the development of DNA probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers specific for H. nelsoni or P. marinus.

The Status Of Virginia's Public Oyster Resource 1996, Reinaldo Alonzo-Morales, Roger L. Mann

Reports

This report summarizes data collected during 1996 in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay. The report is composed of two parts, part one, oyster recruitment (shell string) in Virginia and part two, dredge survey of selected oyster bars in Virginia.