Animal Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Prepartum Ruminally Protected Choline Supplementation On Performance Of Beef Cows And Calves, L.A. Pacheco, L.R. Hibbard, M.J. Macek, N.A. Sproul, G.J. Eckerle, E.A. Bailey, J.W. Bolte, John R. Jaeger, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Prepartum supplementation of spring-calving beef cows is a vital part of cow-calf enterprises, often affecting subsequent reproductive success. Most research in the area of prepartum supplementation has focused on provision of either energy or protein; only modest attention has been given to the use of supplemental micronutrients. One such micronutrient is choline. Choline is classified generally as a B vitamin and is an essential nutrient. Phosphatidylcholine and other choline-containing lipids maintain the structural integrity of cellular membranes and play a vital role in metabolism of dietary fat. Choline-containing phospholipids are also important precursors for intracellular-messenger molecules and cell-signaling molecules critical …

Increasing Days On Feed For Heavy Short-Fed Yearling Stocker Cattle Improves Carcass Characteristics, A. Stickel, Terry A. Houser, K. C. Olson, B. Gerlach, B. Goehring, A. Pacheco, M. Macek, G. Parsons, K. Miller, L.K. Thompson, S. James

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

With increasing feed costs, producers may be able to utilize forage resources to help cattle gain weight before entering a high-concentrate finishing phase. In theory, heavy stocker cattle need less time on feed before slaughter compared to lighter weight cattle; however, research determining the impact of a short feeding system on product quality is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of a shortened, high-concentrate feeding period on carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of heavy yearling stocker cattle.

Tenderness And Intramuscular Lipid Of Most Major Muscles From Bos Indicus Cattle Are Less Than Bos Taurus Cattle, C.M. Highfill, O.E. Font, Donald H. Kropf, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In semitropical climates in the United States, Bos indicus breeds of cattle, primarily the Brahman breed, are utilized in crossbreeding programs with Bos taurus cattle to improve productivity by increasing disease and insect resistance, heat tolerance, heterosis, and additive genetic variation. About 25% of the U.S. beef population contains some Bos indicus breeding. Numerous published reports show that tenderness of ribeye and strip loin steaks and marbling are significantly reduced in Bos indicus straightbred or crossbred cattle compared to most Bos taurus breeds. One very large study reported that heritability of tenderness and marbling is around 0.4, making it a …

Effects Of Monensin On Metabolic Profile And Feeding Behavior Of Transition Dairy Cows (2011), C.R. Mullins, C.E. Moore, H.B. Green, K.L. Perfield

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-two Holstein transition cows were used to determine the effects of monensin (Rumensin, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN; 400 mg/cow daily) on metabolism and feeding behavior. Cows were assigned randomly, based on calving date, to control or monensin treatments (n = 16 per treatment) 21 days before their expected calving date, and cows remained on treatments through 21 days in milk. Feeding behavior and water intake data were collected daily. Blood samples were collected at 8 different time points during the experimental period. Monensin decreased mean and peak plasma ketone concentrations, and also decreased time between meals before and after …

Effects Of Supplementing Methionine And Lysine In A Lactation Diet Containing High Concentrations Of Corn By-Products (2011), C.R. Mullins, D. Weber, E. Block, John F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-six lactating Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of using commercial supplements to supply additional lysine and methionine in diets containing large proportions of corn by-products. Cows were assigned to 1 of 8 pens. Pens were offered rations formulated to differ in metabolizable lysine and methionine supply. The study was divided into 2 periods. During period 1, cows received similar diets, but the treatment diet supplied supplemental lysine and methionine. During period 2, the treatment diet was modified to reduce dietary crude protein. Feed intake and production were monitored daily, and milk components were analyzed 3 days per …

Effects Of Dietary Amylase And Sucrose On Productivity Of Cows Fed Low-Starch Diets (2011), C.F. Vargas, Barry J. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Exogenous amylase, sucrose, or a combination was used in diets with reduced starch content. The trial was performed in 48 lactating Holstein cows, and milk yield, milk composition, and dry matter intake were measured. Treatments did not affect production traits, but with slightly decreased feed intake and slightly greater milk production in amylase-fed cows, the calculated value of amylase in this study was $0.37/cow per day.; Dairy Day, 2011, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2011; Dairy Research, 2011 is known as Dairy Day, 2011

Evaluation Of Methionine Availability To Dairy Cowswhen Added To Mechanically Extracted Soybean Mealwith Soy Gums (2011), D.W. Brake, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Barry J. Bradford, C.A. Macgregor

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty-five Holstein cows were fed 5 different diets to evaluate amounts of metabolizable methionine provided to dairy cows from a mechanically extracted soybean meal (meSBM) with methionine added during manufacture. The control diet was designed to be deficient in metabolizable methionine supply. Two amounts of methionine were added from either a commercially available ruminally protected product (RPMet) or from a meSBM with methionine added during manufacture (meSBM-Met). Average milk yield was 98.8 lb/day, average milk fat was 2.81%, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) averaged 8.6 mg/dL. Milk protein yield was not responsive to metabolizable methionine supply, suggesting that milk protein …

Effects Of Sodium Salicylate On Productivityof Postpartum Dairy Cows (2011), J.K. Farney, J. Ernest Minton, J.F. Coetzee, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Inflammation has been proposed as a contributor to metabolic disorders in transition dairy cows. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, sodium salicylate (SS), benefits transition cows. At calving, 78 cows (primiparous, n = 39; second lactation, n = 28; ≥3 lactations, n = 11) were assigned alternately to either a control (CON) or SS treatment for 7 days and remained on study until 21 days postpartum. Treatment was administered via individual water bowls at a concentration of 2.5 g/L, delivering a mean of 183 ± 8.5 g/day SS during the 7 days of …

Prostaglandin F2Α And Gnrh Administration Improvedprogesterone Status, Luteal Number, And Proportionof Ovular And Anovular Dairy Cows With Corpora Luteabefore A Timed Artificial Insemination Program (2011), Stephanie Leeann Pulley, H.I. Jr. Mellieon, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this research was to increase the proportion of cows with at least 1 functional corpus luteum (CL) and elevated progesterone at the onset of the timed artificial insemination (TAI) program. Postpartum Holstein cows in 1 herd were stratified by lactation number at calving (September 2009 through August 2010) and assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments: (1) Presynch-10 (n = 105): two 25-mg injections of prostaglandin F2α(PG) 14 days apart (Presynch); and (2) PG-3-G (n = 105): one 25-mg injection of PG 3 days before 100 μg gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH; Pre-GnRH), with the PG injection administered …

Evaluation Of The 5- Vs. 7-Day Cidr Program In Dairyheifers Before Timed Artificial Insemination (2011), H.I. Jr. Mellieon, Stephanie Leeann Pulley, G.C. Lamb, J.E. Larson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objectives were to determine: (1) the effectiveness of an injection of PGF2αto regress the corpus luteum before initiating an timed artificial insemination (TAI) program, (2) ovulation response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and (3) pregnancy outcomes in dairy heifers inseminated with conventional and gender-biased semen. Heifers (n = 545) from 3 locations (Florida, Kansas, and Mississippi) were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments: (1) 25-mg prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) injection and controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insert on day −7 followed by 100 μg of GnRH administered on day −5, and a 25-mg PGF2α injection at CIDR insert removal (7D) on …

Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2011, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report contains the title, author, and publication information for manuscripts published by station scientists.

Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2010, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report contains the title, author, and publication information for manuscripts published by station scientists.

Roundup 2011

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center-Hays. The 2011 program is the 98th staging of Roundup. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel. The research program of the Agricultural Research Center-Hays is dedicated to serving the people of Kansas by developing new knowledge and technology to stabilize and sustain long-term production of food and fiber in a manner consistent with conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and assurance of food safety. Primary emphasis is on production efficiency through optimization of inputs in …

Effects Of Resistant Starch In Milk Replacer On Health And Performance In Neonatal Holstein Heifer Calves, Bethany Leann Fisher

LSU Master's Theses

Forty-two female Holstein calves were assigned to one of three treatments at d 2 of age to study the effects of adding resistant starch (RS) to the milk replacer on health and performance. Treatments were control (0g RS), 4g RS, or 8g RS mixed into the reconstituted milk replacer. Calves were housed in individual calf hutches and fed milk replacer once daily until d 42 of age. Water and an 18% crude protein calf starter were offered ad libitum beginning d 3 throughout the duration of the 56 d trial. Calves remained in their hutches until d 56 of age …

Mate-Guarding In The Australian Zebra Finch, Taeniopygia Guttata: For Males, Protecting Paternity Is More Important Than Extra-Pair Copulations, Leah Catherine Wilson

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Low Sonication Intensities At Different Temperatures On Acid Tolerance, Bile Tolerance, Protease Activity And Growth Of Yogurt Culture Bacteria Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Ssp. Bulgaricus And Streptococcus Salivarius Ssp. Thermophilus, Marvin L. Moncada Reyes

LSU Master's Theses

Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus are dairy cultures widely used in the dairy industry. Low sonication intensity condition is a non-destructive technique that uses sound waves to cause cavitation in aqueous solutions and may improve the permeability of membranes, speed up the transfer of substrates and promote cellular growth and propagation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of low sonication intensities at different temperatures on acid tolerance, bile tolerance, protease activity and growth of the two dairy cultures. The cultures were freshly thawed and suspended in 0.1% peptone water and 18 ml …

Evaluating Methods For Optimizing Classification Success From Otolith Tracers For Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion Nebulosus) In The Chesapeake Bay, Stacy Kavita Beharry

OES Theses and Dissertations

Identifying the natal sources of fish is an important step in understanding its population dynamics. Adult recruits are often sourced from multiple nursery areas, with good quality locations contributing disproportionately more fish to the adult stock. Because population persistence is strongly influenced by nursery habitat, methods that correctly identify the source of recruits are necessary for effective management. Within the last decade, otolith chemistry signatures have been increasingly used as a natural marker to delineate fish from a mixture of nursery sources. Despite the widespread use of otolith trace element and stable isotope ratios as habitat markers, the statistical approaches …

Linking Cd Accumulation And Effect In Resistant And Sensitive Freshwater Invertebrates, Tony Straus

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

There has been recent discussion within the field of environmental toxicology as to the viability of using the bioaccumulation of a chemical toxicant to predict toxic effects. Current literature has shown this concept to carry some merit, although there is a major flaw in that with many cases, namely those involving sensitive species, body burdens cannot be reliably linked to effects (Adams et al. (2010)). Bearing this issue in mind the goal of this thesis was to assess the viability of using bioaccumulation as a measure of effect in a different way.

The proposed idea utilized Cd accumulation in a …

Effects Of Indian Herbs On The Modulation Of Stress And Immune Response In Tilapia., Ahmed Mustafa, Brittany Byerley, Paul Mccain

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of The Acidifier Vitoxal-Mionix On Growth, Survival, Immune Response And Gut Microbiota Of The Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus Vannamei, Ahmed Mustafa, Davies Anuta, Alehandro Buentello, Susmita Patnaik, Addison Lawrence, Michaele Hume, Delbert Gatlin, Maurice Kemp

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Intracellular Invasion Of Green Algae In A Salamander Host, Ryan Kerney, Eunsoo Kim, Roger Hangater, Aaron Heiss, Cory Bishop, Brian Hall

Ryan Kerney

The association between embryos of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and green algae (“Oophila amblystomatis” Lamber ex Printz) has been considered an ectosymbiotic mutualism. We show here, however, that this symbiosis is more intimate than previously reported. A combination of imaging and algal 18S rDNA amplification reveals algal invasion of embryonic salamander tissues and cells during development. Algal cells are detectable from embryonic and larval Stages 26–44 through chlorophyll autofluorescence and algal 18S rDNA amplification. Algal cell ultrastructure indicates both degradation and putative encystment during the process of tissue and cellular invasion. Fewer algal cells were detected in later-stage larvae …

Symbioses Between Salamander Embryos And Green Algae, Ryan Kerney

Ryan Kerney

The symbiosis between Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander) embryos and green algae was initially described over 120 years ago. Algae populate the egg capsules that surround individual A. maculatum embryos, giving the intracapsular fluid a characteristic green hue. Early work established this symbiosis to be a mutualism, while subsequent studies sought to identify the material benefits of this association to both symbiont and host. These studies have shown that salamander embryos benefit from increased oxygen concentrations provided by their symbiotic algae. The algae, in turn, may benefit from ammonia excreted by the embryos. All of these early studies considered the associ- …

Beeconomy: What Women And Bees Can Teach Us About Local Trade And The Global Market, Tammy Horn

Tammy Horn

Queen bee. Worker bees. Busy as a bee. These phrases have shaped perceptions of women for centuries, but how did these stereotypes begin? Who are the women who keep bees and what can we learn from them? Beeconomy examines the fascinating evolution of the relationship between women and bees around the world. From Africa to Australia to Asia, women have participated in the pragmatic aspects of honey hunting and in the more advanced skills associated with beekeeping as hive technology has advanced through the centuries.

Synthesizing the various aspects of hive-related products, such as beewax and cosmetics, as well as …

Molecular Anatomy Of The Developing Limb In The Coqu ́I Frog, Eleutherodactylus Coqui, Joshua Gross, Ryan Kerney, James Hanken, Clifford Tabin

Ryan Kerney

The vertebrate limb demonstrates remark- able similarity in basic organization across phylogenetically disparate groups. To gain further insight into how this mor- phological similarity is maintained in different developmental contexts, we explored the molecular anatomy of size-reduced embryos of the Puerto Rican coqu ́ı frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui. This animal demonstrates direct development, a life- history strategy marked by rapid progression from egg to adult and absence of a free-living, aquatic larva. Nonethe- less, coqu ́ı exhibits a basal anuran limb structure, with four toes on the forelimb and five toes on the hind limb. We in- vestigated the extent to …

Effects Of Indian Herbs On The Modulation Of Stress And Immune Response In Tilapia., Ahmed Mustafa, Brittany Byerley, Hasina Karki

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Levels Of Biological Organization And The Origin Of Novelty, Brian Hall, Ryan Kerney

Ryan Kerney

The concept of novelty in evolutionary biology pertains to multiple tiers of biological organization from behavioral and morphological changes to changes at the molecular level. Identifying novel features requires assessments of similarity (homology and homoplasy) of relationships (phylogenetic history) and of shared developmental and genetic pathways or networks. After a brief discussion of how novelty is used in recent literature, we discuss whether the evolutionary approach to homology and homoplasy initially formulated by Lankester in the 19th century informs our understanding of novelty today. We then discuss six examples of morphological features described in the recent literature as novelties, and …

Feasibility Of Farming Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus (L.), In Suboptimal Water Temperature, Ahmed Mustafa, Laura Randolph, Shree Dhawale

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Indian Herbs On The Modulation Of Stress And Immune Response In Tilapia, Ahmed Mustafa, Brittany Byerley, Paul Mccain

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Embryonic Staging Table For A Direct- Developing Salamander, Plethodon Cinereus (Plethodontidae), Ryan Kerney

Ryan Kerney

This work presents a refined staging table for the direct-developing red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus, which is based on the incom- plete staging system of James Norman Dent (J Morphol 1942; 71:577– 601). This common species from eastern North America is a member of the species-rich lungless salamander family Plethodontidae. The stag- ing table presented here covers several stages omitted by Dent and reveals novel developmental features of P. cinereus embryos. These include putative Leydig cells and open gill clefts, which are found in lar- vae of metamorphosing species but were previously reported as absent in direct-developing Plethodon. Other features found …

Observing Copepods Through A Genomic Lens, J. E. Bron, D. Frisch, E. Goetze, S. C. Johnson, C. E. Lee, Grace Wyngaard

Grace Wyngaard

No abstract provided.