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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1986

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Articles 31 - 60 of 91

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Cow Size And Milk Level: Results Of A Simulation Program, R.R. Schalles, R.M. Bourdon Jan 1986

Cow Size And Milk Level: Results Of A Simulation Program, R.R. Schalles, R.M. Bourdon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A simulation program was used to evaluate nine genotypes of cattle based on, cow size and milk production. Return per cow unit using current economics is given. The larger, heavy milking cows were more than twice as profitable on a ranch basis than the small, low milking cows.

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Beef Cattle Systems Analysis, R.R. Schalles Jan 1986

Beef Cattle Systems Analysis, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

For cattle producers to stay in business, they must apply the business management techniques used by sophisticated non-agricultural enterprises. Among these techniques is systems analysis, in which formulas representing interrelationships between various inputs are built into a computer program. The program simulates expected results, based on available information.

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The Effect Of Gnrh On Pregnancy Rates In Estrus-Synchronized Beef Heifers, M. Ferguson, L. Corah Jan 1986

The Effect Of Gnrh On Pregnancy Rates In Estrus-Synchronized Beef Heifers, M. Ferguson, L. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Injecting 100 mcg of GnRH into cycling heifers at artificial insemination following estrus synchronization with either prostaglandin or Syncro-Mate-B® did not improve first service conception rate. However, GnRH improved first service conception in Syncro-Mate-B®-treated heifers that did not exhibit estrus prior to breeding and were bred by appointment.

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Effect Of Combinations Of Rumen-Protected Methionine Plus Rumen-Protected Lysine On Performance Of Finishing Steers, G. Goldy, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1986

Effect Of Combinations Of Rumen-Protected Methionine Plus Rumen-Protected Lysine On Performance Of Finishing Steers, G. Goldy, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feed efficiency for finishing steers was significantly improved (7.4%) when rumen-protected methionine and lysine were added to a finishing ration.

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Effect Of Variety, Location, And Irrigation On Selected Criteria For Evaluating Wheat As A Feed For Ruminants, G. Goldy, Andrew William Lenssen, T. Walters, Jack G. Riley, Gerry L. Posler Jan 1986

Effect Of Variety, Location, And Irrigation On Selected Criteria For Evaluating Wheat As A Feed For Ruminants, G. Goldy, Andrew William Lenssen, T. Walters, Jack G. Riley, Gerry L. Posler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

There were no significant differences in in vitro digestibility between wheat varieties, but there was a trend for differences due to locations. Location differences were much wider for test weight, 1000 kernel weight, hardness score and crude protein level than variety differences. Wheat from irrigated plots had higher grain yields and crude protein content, but lower test weights, 1000 kernel weight, and hardness values than wheat from fallow plots at the same location. There were no differences in digestibilites between fallow and irrigated wheat.

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The Feeding Value Of Wheat And High Moisture Sorghum Grain Fed Singly And In Combination To Finishing Steers, D. Axe, K. Bolsen, R. Lee, George M. Herron Jan 1986

The Feeding Value Of Wheat And High Moisture Sorghum Grain Fed Singly And In Combination To Finishing Steers, D. Axe, K. Bolsen, R. Lee, George M. Herron

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wheat and high moisture sorghum grain were fed singly and in two combinations in a 121-day feedlot trial at the Garden City Branch Experiment Station. Feed efficiency improved with increasing proportions of wheat in the ration. However, rates of gain were similar for the three wheat-containing rations. Results showed that at least 33% sorghum grain can be substituted for wheat in finishing rations with little influence on performance. The combination rations produced rates of gain that were above predicted values, indicating positive associative effects.

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Effect Of Maturity At Harvest On Yield, Composition, And Feeding Value Of Hybrid Forage Sorghum Silages, J. Dickerson, K. Bolsen, S. Hamma, J. Hoover Jan 1986

Effect Of Maturity At Harvest On Yield, Composition, And Feeding Value Of Hybrid Forage Sorghum Silages, J. Dickerson, K. Bolsen, S. Hamma, J. Hoover

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Results from three trials showed the diversity among forage sorghum hybrids for both agronomic and nutritive characteristics. Later maturing and nonheading hybrids produced silages with low dry matter (DM) contents, low pH values, high levels of fermentation acids, and low voluntary intakes. Earlier maturing and moderate grain-producing hybrids, but their silages had high DM contents and higher voluntary intakes. Stage of maturity at harvest had surprisingly little influence on silage chemical composition, intake, or digestibility.

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Influence Of Ionophore Addition To High-Grain Diets On Net Nutrient Absorption, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery Jan 1986

Influence Of Ionophore Addition To High-Grain Diets On Net Nutrient Absorption, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding ionophores to a high grain diet increased glucose absorption and decreased the transport of urea back into the gut. These changes are consistent with the antibiotic effects of these compounds. Decreased microbial activity in the gut and shifts in the pattern of absorbed nutrients may help explain the improvements in feed efficiency seen with ionophore addition.

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Effect Of Maturity At Harvest On Yield And Composition Of Hybrid Grain And Forage Sorghum Silages, R. Smith, K. Bolsen, T. Walter, B. Kirch Jan 1986

Effect Of Maturity At Harvest On Yield And Composition Of Hybrid Grain And Forage Sorghum Silages, R. Smith, K. Bolsen, T. Walter, B. Kirch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Results from two trials indicate that grain sorghums can produce high, whole-crop dry matter yields in a short time. Although grain sorghum whole-crop silage may yield less tonnage than forage sorghum, its higher crude protein and grain-to-forage ratio could more than compensate for the difference. Maximum yields, both whole-crop and grain, were obtained at late-dough maturity in both years. However, since high quality silages were made at each harvest stage, grain sorghums had a relatively long harvest season. Grain sorghums had a dry matter content suitable for ensiling over the range of maturities studied. In addition, their yield and nutrient …

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Whole-Plant Grain Sorghum Silages For Growing Cattle, R. Smith, K. Bolsen, J. Hoover Jan 1986

Whole-Plant Grain Sorghum Silages For Growing Cattle, R. Smith, K. Bolsen, J. Hoover

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four trails were conducted to determine the effects of processing (rolling before feeding, with rolls set to break 95% of the kernels) and stage of maturity at harvest on the nutritive value of whole-crop grain sorghum silages for growing cattle. Rolling mid-dough silages did not improve feeding value. However, rolling at later maturity stages increased cattle gains and feed efficiencies, with the more mature, hard-grain silages giving the greatest response. Only starch digestibility was consistently affected (increased) by processing. Silage dry matter (DM) intake tended to increase, but feed efficiencies tended to decrease with advancing maturity. Neither average daily gains …

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Experimental Implant Evaluated In Grazing Yearling Steers, S. Laudert, C. Sauerwein Jan 1986

Experimental Implant Evaluated In Grazing Yearling Steers, S. Laudert, C. Sauerwein

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experimental implant containing Beta-estradiol increased (P<.05) daily gain of grazing yearling steers by 15.5% compared to controls. Compudose implants increased (P<.01) daily gain by 13.5%. There was no gain difference between the experimental implant and Compudose.

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Effect Of Rotational Grazing By Yearlings On Early-Intensive, Double-Stocked, Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1986

Effect Of Rotational Grazing By Yearlings On Early-Intensive, Double-Stocked, Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Continuous, early-intensive (double-stocked) grazing vs. early-intensive grazing using a two-pasture, 16 to 18-day rotation were compared in three experiments. No significant differences were found (P>.15) in daily gains of stockers or forage remaining after the 2 ½ month grazing season

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Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate On Gains Of Stocker Cattle Fed Grain On Tall Fescue Pastures, F. Brazle Jan 1986

Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate On Gains Of Stocker Cattle Fed Grain On Tall Fescue Pastures, F. Brazle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding sodium bicarbonate to the grain supplement of steers grazing lush, low endophyte, tall fescue pasture had no effect on cattle performance.

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Effect Of Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Wheat, Alfalfa, And Sorghum Silages, K. Bolsen, R. Smith, H. Ilg, Daniel Y.C. Fung Jan 1986

Effect Of Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Wheat, Alfalfa, And Sorghum Silages, K. Bolsen, R. Smith, H. Ilg, Daniel Y.C. Fung

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Results from three laboratory silo experiments showed that four commercial silage inoculants increased fermentation rate, particularly during the first 4 days of the ensiling process. The effects of the additives on pH drop and lactic acid production were greater in wheat and alfalfa than in forage sorghum.

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Effect Of Salinomycin On Performance Of Grazing Stocker Heifers, Lyle W. Lomas Jan 1986

Effect Of Salinomycin On Performance Of Grazing Stocker Heifers, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of feeding 0, 25, 50, 100, or 150 mg of salinomycin per head daily on performance of stocker heifers grazing smooth bromegrass pasture was evaluated in a 126-day trial. Feeding 100 or 150 mg of salinomycin per head daily produced the fastest gain.

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Bovatec® Vs. Rumensin® Fed In Free-Choice Mineral-Grain Mixtures On Early Intensively Grazed, Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1986

Bovatec® Vs. Rumensin® Fed In Free-Choice Mineral-Grain Mixtures On Early Intensively Grazed, Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The performance of grazing heifers offered a free-choice mineral or two mineral-grain-ionophore mixtures was evaluated in 3-year study. Heifers ate more of the supplement containing Bovatec® than that containing Rumensin® (P<.05). Heifers fed Bovatec® gained faster (P<.10) than those fed Rumensin® or the control mineral mixture.

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Effect Of Moisture, Bale Type, And A Preservative On Alfalfa Hay Quality And Feeding Value, A. Laytimi, J. Arledge, C. Grimes, K. Bolsen Jan 1986

Effect Of Moisture, Bale Type, And A Preservative On Alfalfa Hay Quality And Feeding Value, A. Laytimi, J. Arledge, C. Grimes, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In the first of two alfalfa hay experiments, lambs fed small bale hays averaged 16% better gains and feed conversions than those fed large bale hays; Fresh Cut®-treated hay gave 9% better performance than untreated hays; and medium-moisture hays produced 12% faster and more efficient gains than low-moisture hays. In the second experiment, hay baled above 30% moisture had excessive heating, more discoloration and mold growth, higher storage losses, and lower dry matter and protein digestibilities compared with 15% moisture hay.

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The Manhattan Weather In 1984 And 1985, L.D. Bark Jan 1986

The Manhattan Weather In 1984 And 1985, L.D. Bark

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The charts that follow show graphically the daily weather in Manhattan during the last 2 years. Each chart has three smooth curves to represent the average weather conditions at Manhattan based on 70 years of records from the Experiment Station files. The two smooth curves near the top of the charts show the average maximum and minimum temperatures that occur throughout the year. They reach a low point in mid-,January and climb to a peak in mid-July. The smooth curve in the lower part of the chart indicates the average accumulative precipitation during the year. Starting at zero on January …

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Effects Of Farm Origin And Respiratory Disease On Pig Performance (1986), W H. Turlington, P F. Maxson, G L. Allee, S Potter, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1986

Effects Of Farm Origin And Respiratory Disease On Pig Performance (1986), W H. Turlington, P F. Maxson, G L. Allee, S Potter, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Slaughter checks were conducted on 392 pigs from 9 producers to evaluate factors affecting pig performance, based on the age of the pig and its health status. Among herds, weight per day of age ranged from 1.07 to 1.32 lb/day, whereas days to 230 lb varied from 172 to 214 days. Based on statistical analysis, differences among farms accounted for 40% of the total variation in pig performance, whereas respiratory disease accounted for 20%. From our data, it was concluded that management is the major factor controlling pig performance, yet the health status of the animal is also a contributing …

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Growth, Carcass And Boar-Odor Traits In Male Pigs Fed Altrenogest (1986), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, E F. Kluber Iii, J Ernest Minton, Duane L. Davis, Melvin C. Hunt, D S. Pollmann, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1986

Growth, Carcass And Boar-Odor Traits In Male Pigs Fed Altrenogest (1986), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, E F. Kluber Iii, J Ernest Minton, Duane L. Davis, Melvin C. Hunt, D S. Pollmann, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of a synthetic progestogen (altrenogest) on growth and carcass characteristics of boars. Altrenogest inhibited both the growth of the testes and the pubertal rise in testosterone that is associated with maleness. Growth rate, feed intake, and feed/gain were unaffected by feeding altrenogest in both experiments; however, in Exp. 2. growth rate and feed intake during the 4-wk withdrawal of altrenogest were less than those in the control boar or barrow groups. These changes appeared to be related to marked mounting activity of boars beginning 5 days after withdrawal of altrenogest from the …

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Effect Of Sarcoptic Mange Treatment On Growth Performance Of Pigs (1986), E Wooten-Saadi, A B. Broce, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1986

Effect Of Sarcoptic Mange Treatment On Growth Performance Of Pigs (1986), E Wooten-Saadi, A B. Broce, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growth performance of 135 sarcoptic mange mite-infested pigs (8 pens of 15-20 pigs each) was evaluated for an 8-week period during June-August, 1985. Pigs in 6 pens were treated with the acaricide TAKTIC EC, whereas two pens were maintained as nontreated controls. Results indicated that although treatment for sarcoptic mange was effective, it did not improve average daily gains in TAKTIC EC-treated pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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The Effects Of Barley Particle Size On Finishing-Pig Performance (1986), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines Jan 1986

The Effects Of Barley Particle Size On Finishing-Pig Performance (1986), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials utilizing 280 finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate the effects of barley particle size on finishing-pig performance. In Experiment 1, pigs fed barley ground through a hammermill with a 1/8-in screen were not different in average daily gain (ADG) or feed efficiency (F/G) from pigs fed a milo-based diet ground through a 3/16-in screen. Pigs fed either 3/16 or 1/4-in ground barley grew slower and were less efficient (P<.02) than those fed either the milo or finely ground barley diet. Experiment 2 was conducted in a similar manner, with the exception that mill run barley was used instead of a specific variety. In Experiment 2, ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not different between dietary treatments. This response resulted in a trial x treatment interaction for these criteria. Results for feed efficiency were similar to those in Experiment 1; pigs fed 3/16 or 1/4-in ground barley diets were less efficient (P<.02) than those fed l/8-in ground barley or 3/16-in ground milo. These results suggest that the variety of barley is an important criteria in determining feeding value for finishing-pigs, and that reducing particle size of the diet by fine grinding improves feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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Lean Value Marketing Programs (1986), P F. Maxson Jan 1986

Lean Value Marketing Programs (1986), P F. Maxson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recent promotion of the National Pork Producers Lean Guide to Pork Value has focused attention on providing pork producers with an economic incentive to raise lean, meaty hogs. The packing industry version of this value-based idea is generally termed a grade and yield program. While each individual packing plant may have its own grade and yield program, several factors need to be considered when marketing hogs grade and yield, regardless of the packing plant. The preferred weight range for a packing plants grade and yield program must be known. Packing plants available to Kansas usually range from 210-240 lb or …

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Adding Fat To Sow Lactation Diets: Effect On Sow And Litter Performance (1986), D Keesecker, B Wolf, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1986

Adding Fat To Sow Lactation Diets: Effect On Sow And Litter Performance (1986), D Keesecker, B Wolf, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An on-farm experiment was conducted utilizing 189 sows to evaluate the effect of adding 396 soybean oil to the lactational diet on subsequent pig performance and sow weight loss. Feeding sows a diet containing 3% soybean oil during lactation did not significantly decrease sow weight loss or improve litter performance. However, the oil addition tended to increase individual pig weaning weight (.5 Ib), litter weaning weight (3 lb), and sow feed intake (.5 lb/day) compared to feeding a 14% crude protein milo-soybean meal diet. Also, sow lactational weight loss was slightly reduced wit h the diet containing oil. Calculated metabolizable …

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Endocrine Changes In Sows In Response To Altered Suckling And Boar Exposure (1986), E A. Newton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, J Ernest Minton, Duane L. Davis Jan 1986

Endocrine Changes In Sows In Response To Altered Suckling And Boar Exposure (1986), E A. Newton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, J Ernest Minton, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighteen sows were treated as follows: 1) 10 multiparous and four primiparous sows were separated from their litters for 6 hr/day and exposed to a mature boar for 1 hr/day during the last 8 days of lactation, and 2) four sows (two multiparous and two primiparous) served as untreated controls during lactation. Blood was collected from sows during treatment and after weaning, and various hormones were measured. Altered suckling induced higher concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) that caused multiparous sows to show estrus (10/10) during lactation. Younger treated sows had similar increases in LH, but had higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) …

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The Effects Of Additional Niacin During Gestation And Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance (1986), R C. Thaler, L M. Turlington, G L. Allee, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1986

The Effects Of Additional Niacin During Gestation And Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance (1986), R C. Thaler, L M. Turlington, G L. Allee, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty first-litter sows were utilized to evaluate the effects of additional niacin on sow and litter performance through two parities. The control diet provided sows with 50 mg niacin daily during gestation and 100 mg niacin daily during lactation. Dietary treatments were formulated to provide sows with either 5 or 10 times the level of supplemental niacin in the control diet. Litter size was equalized within dietary treatment by 24 hr after farrowing. During the first parity, sows fed additional niacin tended to have fewer total pigs born and pigs born alive (linear effect of niacin P<.10). In addition, sows fed additional niacin had fewer pigs equalized/litter (linear P(.05 and quadratic P<.06 effect of niacin), but tended to wean more pigs/litter and had a 6% greater pig survival rate than those fed the control diet. Average pig birth wt increased linearly (P<.05) as level of added niacin increased. Also, average pig wt and Litter wt at weaning were numerically higher for sows fed additional niacin during lactation. Sows fed the 250/500 mg/d niacin gestation-lactation sequence had more backfat on d 108 of gestation (quadratic effect of niacin, P<.05), but also lost more backfat during lactation (quadratic effect of niacin, P<.05).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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Flushing Affects Secretion Of The Hormones Controlling Reproduction (1986), M T. Rhodes, J Ernest Minton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis Jan 1986

Flushing Affects Secretion Of The Hormones Controlling Reproduction (1986), M T. Rhodes, J Ernest Minton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nineteen gilts were assigned to receive either 0 or 15 mg altrenogest/day for 14 consecutive days. On the day corresponding to the last altrenogest treatment, gilts not fed altrenogest were injected twice (morning and evening) with prostaglandin F2 a to ensure regression of their corpora lutea. From the ninth day of altrenogest treatment until estrus, one-half of each altrenogest group was offered an additional 3.4 lb of ground sorghum grain (flush). Serial blood samples were collected for a 4-h period each day from day 1 through day 4 (last altrenogest or prostaglandin F a treatment was day 0) and analyzed …

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Supplementing Day-Old Pigs With Bovine Colostrum Or Milk Replacer (1986), C Bandyk, Robert H. Hines Jan 1986

Supplementing Day-Old Pigs With Bovine Colostrum Or Milk Replacer (1986), C Bandyk, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-five litters of newborn pigs from gilts were given either 20 cc of bovine colostrum or 20 cc of milk replacer through a stomach tube, and their weaning weight, scouring, and survival were compared with those of newborn pigs that were not treated. Results were broken down by birth weight groups: small-less than 2.3 lb.; medium-2.3 to 2.9 lbs.; large-3.0 lbs. and over. No significant differences in weaning weights were observed from treatment. Nontreated pigs tended to scour more than pigs treated with bovine colostrum but this difference was not statistically significant, partly because of the variation in the incidence …

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Best Weight To Market Hogs? (1986), Robert H. Hines Jan 1986

Best Weight To Market Hogs? (1986), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One of the important, recurring decisions that each hog producer must make is the weight at which to sell hogs. The decision to sell hogs may be influenced by cost and availability of feed, anticipated market hog price changes, weather conditions, overcrowding or need for facilities, or the need for cash for unpaid bills. All of these factors play an intricate role in the decision to market; however, the choice of when to sell may also influence production costs, price received, and carcass quality.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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Effect Of Dietary Addition Of Dried Whey And/Or Copper Sulfate On Starter Pig Performance (1986), R C. Thaler, M E. Johnston, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1986

Effect Of Dietary Addition Of Dried Whey And/Or Copper Sulfate On Starter Pig Performance (1986), R C. Thaler, M E. Johnston, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two 35-day trials involving 504 pigs were conducted to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation of copper sulfate (CuS04) and/or dried whey to corn-soybean meal starter pig diets (1.25% lysine). Pigs were weaned at 21+3 days and ranged in average initial weight from 8.1 to 19.2 lbs. In trial 1, CuSO4 addition of either 0 or 250 ppm were made to diets containing 0, 10, and 20% extra-grade dried whey. At both 2 and 5 weeks, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (F/G) improved linearly (P<.05) with increasing whey levels. Also, CuSO4 additions of 250 ppm increased ADG and ADFI (P<.05) at 2 and 5 weeks. The six dietary treatments in trial 2 consisted of a negative control (no CuSO4 or dried whey), and five other diets containing 250 ppm CuS04: with graded levels of dried whey (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%). Dried whey additions linearly increased ADG and ADFI at both 2 and 5 weeks (P<.05), whereas F/G at 2 and 5 weeks was optimized at the 5% dried whey level. Copper sulfate supplementation improved ADG and F/G at 5 weeks (P<.05). These results suggest that CuS04 additions are beneficial for starter pig performance, and the 5% dried whey addition gave starter pig performance equal to that with 20% dried whey addition, when CuSO4 was present in both diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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