Life Sciences Commons^™

2018 Swine Day Foreword, Etc., R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

It is with great pleasure that we present the 2018 Swine Industry Day Report of Progress. This report contains updates and summaries of applied and basic research conducted at Kansas State University during the past year. We hope that the information will be of benefit as we attempt to meet the needs of the Kansas swine industry.

Effects Of Frequency Of Protein Supplementation On Performance By Beef Calves Grazing Dormant Native Range, G. W. Preedy, J. R. Jaeger, J. W. Waggoner, K C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Stocker calves that graze forages before entering a feedlot account for more than 75% of the beef calves raised in the United States each year. A large proportion of those will be calves born in the spring and weaned in the fall. Modest growth rates are expected when the quality of fall and winter forages is poor. Growing calves in confinement systems during fall and winter typically allows for greater average daily gain (ADG) than graz­ing low-quality forages; however, modest overall costs associated with grazing perennial, dormant forages may be competitive during times when feed prices are relatively high.

Providing …

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Increased Pregnancy In Suckled Beef Cows Not Detected In Estrus And Subjected To A Split-Time Artificial Insemination Program, S. L. Hill, D. M. Grieger, K C. Olson, J. R. Jaeger, K. R. Harmoney, C. R. Dahlen, M. R. Crosswhite, N. Negrin Pereira, S. R. Underdahl, B. W. Neville, J. Ahola, M. C. Fischer, G E. Seidel, J. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Estrus-synchronization programs allow insemination of all females in a herd at one fixed time on the first day of the breeding season. Inseminating cows after they have expressed estrus increases pregnancy rate (PR) compared with cows that do not display estrus in a timed AI (TAI) program. Identification of estrus status can be facilitated by using estrus-detection patches. Varying AI timing according to estrus status has increased PR in some previous studies. Reducing the number of injections in a TAI program decreases labor requirements, stress on cows, and overall cost of the program. Previous studies have demonstrated that PR is …

Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Roundup

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center–Hays. The 2018 program is the 104th staging of Roundup. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel.

The research program of the Agricultural Research Center–Hays is dedicated to serving the people of Kansas by developing new knowledge and technology to stabilize and sustain long-term production of food and fiber in a manner consistent with conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and assurance of food safety. Primary emphasis is on production efficiency through optimization of inputs in …

Effects Of Various Grazing Systems On Grazing And Subsequent Finishing Performance, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

MaxQ tall fescue, a wheat-bermudagrass double-crop system, and a wheat-crabgrass double-crop system have been three of the most promising grazing systems evaluated at the Kansas State University Southeast Agricultural Research Center in the past 20 years, but these systems have never been compared directly in the same study. The objective of this study was to compare grazing and subsequent finishing performance of stocker steers that grazed these three systems.

Effects Of Early Or Conventional Weaning On Beef Cow And Calf Performance In Pasture And Drylot Environments, G. W. Preedy, J. R. Jaeger, J. W. Waggoner, K C. Olson, K. R. Harmoney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During widespread drought, pasture availability and productivity are reduced. This, coupled with increasing land prices and lease rates, has prompted the evaluation of al­ternative management strategies that decrease grazing pressure on perennial pasture or reduce feed and pasture costs. Weaning early and moving cows from pasture to a drylot environment is used commonly for reducing grazing pressure on perennial pastures. A premature end to lactation reduces cow nutrient requirements and reduces grazing pressure. Removal of the calf further reduces grazing pressure, as calves are significant consumers of forage dry matter (DM) during mid and late lactation. The combina­tion can be …

Using Modified Intensive Early Stocking For Grazing Replacement Heifers, K. R. Harmoney, J. R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Even though Kansas native rangelands often have steep slopes or shallow soils not conducive to many other uses other than livestock grazing, native rangeland and peren­nial grassland acres in Kansas have been declining. Cropland acreage over this same time frame has increased, and so has rangeland fragmentation into small ranchettes and urbanization. Producers may be looking to increase production efficiency on a shrink­ing forage land base. The use of intensive early stocking (IES) is one the most efficient stocking strategies to produce beef on rangeland acres. The IES strategy has been widely used in eastern Kansas and is capable of …

Effects Of Interseeding Ladino Clover Into Tall Fescue Pastures Of Varying Endophyte Status On Grazing Performance Of Stocker Steers, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Tall fescue, the most widely adapted cool-season perennial grass in the United States, is grown on approximately 66 million acres. Although tall fescue is well adapted in the eastern half of the country between the temperate north and mild south, presence of a fungal endophyte results in poor performance of grazing livestock, especially during the summer. Until recently, producers with high-endophyte tall fescue pastures had two primary options for improving grazing livestock performance. One option was to destroy existing stands and replace them with endophyte-free fescue or other forages. Although it supports greater animal performance than endophyte-infected fescue, endophyte-free fescue …

Including Legumes In Bermudagrass Pastures, J. L. Moyer, L. W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bermudagrass is a productive forage species when intensively managed. However, it has periods of dormancy and requires proper management to maintain forage quality. Legumes in the bermudagrass sward could improve forage quality and reduce fertilizer usage; however, legumes are difficult to establish and maintain with the competitive grass. Clovers can maintain survival once established in bermudagrass sod and may be productive enough to substitute for some N fertilization. This study was designed to compare dry cow performance on a bermudagrass pasture system that included ladino and crimson clovers (Legume) vs. bermudagrass alone (Nitrogen).

Can Modified Intensive Early Stocking Be Used In Cow/Calf Production?, K. R. Harmoney, J. R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Intensive early stocking (IES) was introduced nearly a half century ago in eastern Kansas and has since been adopted as a major management tool to increase animal production, efficiency of production, and economic return on tallgrass rangelands. These increases have come almost exclusively by using IES with young stocker animals. Intensive early stocking and its gains have been proven effective repeatedly in published research. A similar modified IES (MIES) system has increased production efficiency of stocker animals on western Kansas rangelands. Perennial grassland acres for cattle production, as well as cattle numbers, are declining. Using management practices that mimic a …

Evaluation Of Different Vitamin Concentrations On Grow-Finish Pig Growth And Carcass Characteristics, L. Del Tuffo, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Vitamins are generally added to swine diets in concentrations well above their requirement estimates to provide a generous margin of safety. However, with the increase in vitamin prices in 2017, there was a need to re-evaluate suggested vitamin additions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare two premixes with different vitamin concentrations on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs reared in a commercial environment. A total of 1,188 pigs (PIC 359 × 1050; initially 35.5 lb) were used in a randomized complete block design with 27 pigs per pen and 22 pens per treatment. The experimental …

Cattlemen's Day 2018, E. A. Boyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Full report, Cattlemen's Day 2018.

Evaluation Of Supplemental Energy Source For Grazing Stocker Cattle, L. W. Lomas, J. K. Farney, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Supplementation of grazing cattle is most economically feasible when cattle prices are high relative to the price of grain. Energy supplementation of grazing ruminants may reduce forage intake and digestibility, but energy supplementation at low levels (less than 0.4% bodyweight) has been shown to have little effect on forage intake when crude protein was not limiting. Several studies have evaluated the effect of supplementation on stocker cattle gains and forage utilization during the grazing phase, but few have evaluated the effects of supplementation during the grazing phase on subsequent finishing performance and carcass traits. This research seeks to obtain a …

Effects Of Supplementation With Corn Or Dried Distillers Grains On Gains Of Heifer Calves Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pastures, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Distillers grains, a by-product of the ethanol industry, have tremendous potential as an economical and nutritious supplement for grazing cattle. Distillers grains contain a high concentration of protein (25 to 30%), with more than two-thirds escaping degradation in the rumen, which makes it an excellent supplement for younger cattle. Recent advancements in the ethanol manufacturing process have resulted in extraction of a greater amount of fat; therefore, creating distillers grains that may contain less energy than corn. This research was conducted to compare performance of stocker cattle supplemented with corn or DDG at 0.5% body weight per head daily while …

The Effect Of Phase-Feeding Strategies On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs: I. Lysine Levels At The Estimated Requirement, M. B. Menegat, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate phase-feeding strategies for grow-finish pigs under commercial research conditions and using lysine levels closely set to the pig’s requirement estimates for maximum growth performance. A total of 1,188 pigs (PIC 359 × 1050; initially 60.4 lb body weight (BW)) were used in a randomized complete block design with 27 pigs per pen and 11 pens per treatment. Treatments consisted of four feeding programs: a 1-phase feeding program with 0.82% standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine from 60 to 280 lb BW; a 2-phase feeding program with 0.96 and 0.77% SID lysine from 60 …

Effects Of Increasing Oat Groats On Nursery Pig Performance, J. A. Chance, A. B. Lerner, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In Exp. 1, a total of 225 pigs (241 × 600, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 13.9 lb BW) were used in a 28-d study to evaluate the effects of increasing ground oat groats on nursery pig growth performance. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and randomly allotted to pens and fed a commercial starter diet for 7 d prior to the start of the experiment. Pens of pigs were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design by body weight (BW) with 4 or 5 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment. …

Evaluation Of The Effects Of High-Lysine Sorghum On Nursery Pig Performance, L. L. Thomas, R. D. Goodband, C. D. Espinosa, H. H. Stein, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in a high-lysine sorghum cultivar, followed by a growth trial to determine the effect of this sorghum on pig performance using increasing additions of feed-grade amino acids at the expense of soybean meal. In Exp. 1, ten growing barrows (initially 57.1 lb; Line 359 × 1050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the terminal ileum and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 test diets in a 5-period, cross-over design. Experimental diets consisted of a corn-based diet, a diet containing high-lysine sorghum, or …

Effects Of Dietary Corn Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles Withdrawal On Finishing Pig Performance And Carcass Characteristics, A. B. Lerner, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, C. Hastad, K. Coble, E. Arkfeld, H. C. Cartagena, C. Vahl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of removing corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) at increasing intervals before harvest on finishing pig performance and carcass characteristics. For Exp. 1, 985 finishing pigs [initially 219 ± 5.5 lb body weight (BW)] were used in a 28-d growth study. There were 12 pens per treatment with 19 to 21 pigs per pen. There were four treatments decreasing in duration of withdrawal of DDGS from diets before final marketing: 28, 21, 14, or 0 d withdrawal. Regardless of treatment, pens of pigs were topped according to a typical summer marketing …

Two Split-Time Artificial Insemination Programs In Suckled Beef Cows, J. Stevenson, S. L. Hill, D. M. Grieger, K C. Olson, J. R. Jaeger, K. R. Harmoney, J. Ahola, G. E. Seidel, R. K. Kasimanickam

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Successful programs to manipulate estrus and ovulation to maximize pregnancy out­comes in suckled beef cattle have been developed to limit animal handling and to elimi­nate the need to detect estrus, thereby providing more opportunity to incorporate AI to start the breeding season. The most successful and consistent synchronization scheme employs an intravaginal progesterone insert (controlled internal drug release, CIDR) in place for 7 d concurrent with GnRH treatment, and, upon removal of the insert, injection of PGF_2α, followed by timed AI at 60 to 66 h concurrent with a second dose of GnRH (CO-synch + CIDR).

Inseminating cows …

Standardized Total Tract Digestible Phosphorus Requirement Of 25- To 50-Lb Pigs Fed Diets Containing Phytase, C. M. Vier, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 2,140 barrows and gilts (PIC 337 × Camborough) with an initial pen average body weight (BW) of 24.5 ± 0.53 lb were used in a 21 d growth trial to determine the standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P) requirement of nursery pigs from 25 to 50 lb fed diets containing 1,000 phytase units (FYT). Pigs were weaned at approximately 19 d of age and allotted to pens according to gender and sow farm of origin. There were 12 replicate pens per treatment and 24 to 27 pigs per pen. Pens of pigs were randomly allotted to …

Determining The Effects Of Cup Waterer On Growth Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs, C. M. Vier, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, M. A. Gonçalves, F. Gomez, D. Hamilton, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs in response to different ratios of cup waterers to pigs and different locations of the cup waterers within a pen under commercial conditions. In Exp. 1, 1,134 pigs (initial pen average BW of 35.7 ± 1.17 lb) were housed in pens that provided 6.85 ft²/pig and were used in a 113-d trial during summer months (May through September). Pens of pigs were blocked by location within the barn and allotted to treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 14 replicate pens per treatment and …

Stability Of Four Commercial Microbial Phytase Sources Under Increasing Conditioning Temperatures And Conditioner Retention Times During Pelleting, C. N. Truelock, A. D. Yoder, C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, S. S. Dritz, J. W. Wilson, N. E. Ward, C. B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of conditioning temperature and retention time on the stability of 4 commercially available microbial phytases in a corn soybean meal diet. Treatments were arranged in a 4 × 3 × 2 factorial of phytase source (A, B, C, and D), conditioning temperature (180, 190, and 200°F), and conditioner retention time (30 and 60 s). Diets were formulated to release 0.15% phosphorus. A total of 5 mash samples from each treatment were analyzed for phytase. Diets were pelleted via steam conditioning (10 × 55 in. Wenger twin staff pre-conditioner, Model 150) using a …

Leucine Supplementation Did Not Improve Protein Deposition Or Lysine Utilization In Growing Steers, K. A. Pearl, H. F. Speer, M. D. Miesner, E. C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:This study was conducted to determine if leucine supplementation could improve protein deposition and lysine utilization in growing steers.

Study Description:Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (380 lb) were provided treatments of postruminal infusions of 0 or 0.212 oz/day of lysine, and 0, 0.529, or 1.058 oz/day of leucine, with all 6 combinations tested. Ruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids and abomasal infusions of glucose provided energy, and all essential amino acids, except lysine, were infused abomasally to make lysine the sole limiting amino acid. Urine and fecal collections were used to measure nitrogen retention (protein deposition).

The …

Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs In The Immediate Post-Weaning Period According To Different Vaccination Strategies, M. B. Menegat, L. L. Thomas, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of nursery pigs immediately after weaning based on different vaccination strategies. A total of 300 weaned pigs (DNA 241 × 600, DNA Genetics, Columbus, NE) with an initial body weight (BW) of 14.0 lb and approximately 21 d of age were used in this trial. Pigs were allotted to pens in a completely randomized design with 5 pigs per pen and a total of 60 pens. All pigs received one dose of a commercial combination vaccine for Porcine Circovirus Type 2 andMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeat approximately d 7 of …

Effects Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles Sources And Soybean Meal Level On Growth Performance Of Late Nursery Pigs, H. S. Cemin, M. D. Tokach, A. M. Gaines, B. W. Ratliff, E. L. Hakmiller, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) source and soybean meal (SBM) level on growth performance of late nursery pigs. A total of 1,064 and 1,011 pigs (PIC 280 × 1050), initially 23.1 and 24.1 lb body weight (BW), were used in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, with 21 to 27 pigs per pen. For approximately 21 days after weaning, pigs were fed common phase 1 and 2 diets. Then, pens were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 6 treatments in each experiment with 7 pens per …

The Effect Of Increased Pork Hot Carcass Weights On Consumer Palatability Ratings Of Top Loin Chops, E. A. Rice, A. B. Lerner, H. E. Price, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey, M. W. Allerson, J. M. Gonzales, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pork hot carcass weight on consumer palatability ratings of top loin chops. Pork loins (n = 200) were collected from 4 different hot carcass weight groups: light weight group (less than 246.5 lb; LT), medium-light weight group (246.5 to 262.5 lb; MLT), medium-heavy weight group (262.5 to 276.5 lb; MHVY), and a heavy weight group (276.5 lb and greater; HVY). Instrumental color, visual color and marbling, and pH were taken for each loin prior to fabrication. Loins from all weight groups differed (P<0.05) in weight (LTP>0.05) were found for loin …

Effects Of Feeding Increasing Amounts Of Finishing Diet Blended With Nursery Diets On Growth Performance And Economics Of Nursery Pigs, F. Wu, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, C. W. Hastad, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,260 pigs [PIC TR4 × (Fast LW × PIC L02); initial body weight (BW) 23.3 lb] were housed in two commercial research rooms and used in a 28-d study to determine the effects of blending increasing amounts of finishing feed into phase 3 nursery diets on pig growth performance. At weaning, pigs were placed into pens with 21 pigs per pen and 30 pens per room. Pigs were fed commercial nursery diets in a 5-phase feeding program with phases 1 and 2 fed before the start of the experiment. At the beginning of phase 3 (day 0), …

Effects Of Storing Three Phytase Sources Over 90 Days Under High Temperature And Humidity On Phytase Stability, Growth Performance, And Bone Mineralization Of Nursery Pigs, C. M. Vier, M. B. Menegat, K. M. Gourley, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. R. Bergstrom, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was performed to evaluate the effects of storing three commercially available phytase products for 90 d, simulating summer conditions on phytase stability, growth performance, and bone mineralization of nursery pigs. The phytase products [HiPhos GT (20,000 FYT/g, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ); Axtra Phy TPT (20,000 FTU/g, Dupont, Wilmington, DE); and Quantum Blue G (40,000 FTU/g, AB Vista, Plantation, FL)] were left as pure forms or blended in a vitamin and trace mineral (VTM) premix for a 90 d period in an environmentally controlled chamber set at 85°F and 75% humidity. Sampling occurred on d 0, 30, 60, …

Total Tract Dry Matter Digestibility And Proportions Of Ruminal Propionate Are Increased In High-Energy Limit-Fed Diets Based Primarily On Wet Corn Gluten Feed, T. J. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, E. C. Titgemeyer, G. A. Hanzlicek, Christopher Vahl, T. G. Nagaraja, K. T. Cavalli, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, Dale Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objectives:Study digestion and characteristics of digestion of high-energy limit-fed diets based primarily on wet corn gluten feed.

Study Description:Six ruminally-cannulated Jersey crossbred steers were used to measure total tract diet digestibility, passage rate, volatile fatty acid, and ammonia production, and ruminal pH when limit-feeding high-energy diets based primarily on wet corn gluten feed.

The Bottom Line:High-energy limit-fed diets based primarily on wet corn gluten feed are 15% more digestible and produce a higher concentration of energy yielding volatile fatty acid compared to low-energy full-fed diets without apparent disruptions in ruminal fermentation or health.

Restricting Intake And Increasing Energy Improves Efficiency In Newly Received Growing Cattle And Zelnate Has No Effect, T. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, E. Titgemeyer, G. A. Hanzlicek, Christopher Vahl, T. G. Nagaraja, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, Dale Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objectives:Study effects of two limit-fed diets formulated to provide two levels of dietary energy and offered at two different intake rates to target similar gains and analyze the efficacy of a novel DNA-immunostimulant administered on arrival.

Study Description:A 56-day pen study was conducted utilizing 370 Angus × Brahman heifers shipped from Florida (1,455 mi) to study the effects of limit-feeding at 2 intakes based on prior research conducted at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit, Manhattan, KS, to achieve similar gains and effects of Zelnate under the dietary conditions.

The Bottom Line:Limit-feeding a …