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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

The Effects Of Particle Size And Dried Whey Level In Barley Diets For Starter-Pigs (1986), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines Jan 1986

The Effects Of Particle Size And Dried Whey Level In Barley Diets For Starter-Pigs (1986), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred and thirty-six weanling pigs were utilized in two, 3 X 2 factorial design experiments to determine the effects of whey level (0, 10 or 20%) and particle size (1/8 or 3/16-in screen size) in barley diets on starter-pig performance. Grinding barley through a 1/8-in screen decreased the mean particle size of the diet compared to diets made up of barley ground through a 3/16-in screen. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased linearly (P<.01) as whey level increased. Pigs fed diets containing 1/8-in ground barley were more efficient (P<.02) than those fed diets containing 3/16-in ground barley. However, pigs fed a 20% dried whey-milo-soybean meal control diet grew faster (P<.05) than those fed any of the barley starter diets. In these experiments, the relative feeding value of 20% dried whey-barley starter diet was 94-97% that of the 20'% dried whey-milo diet. Also, these results indicate that increasing levels of dried whey improves ADG and ADFI of pigs fed barley-based starter diets, and decreasing particle size of the diet improves feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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Testicular Development And Endocrine Function In Boars Fed Altrenogest (1986), E F. Kluber Iii, J Ernest Minton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis Jan 1986

Testicular Development And Endocrine Function In Boars Fed Altrenogest (1986), E F. Kluber Iii, J Ernest Minton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred male pigs were used to evaluate the influence of a synthetic progestogen on reproductive development. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in blood serum were reduced while boars were being fed altrenogest (15 to 21 wk of age). At 25 wk of age (4 wk after withdrawal from altrenogest), weights of the testes and accessory reproductive glands and testicular content of sperm were reduced in boars that had been fed altrenogest. However, testicular weight and content of sperm had returned to control values following 12 wk after withdrawal from altrenogest. In addition, concentration of LH and testosterone in …

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Confinement And Type Of Penning Affects The Interval To Estrus And Synchrony Of Estrus In Gilts After Altrenogest (1986), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1986

Confinement And Type Of Penning Affects The Interval To Estrus And Synchrony Of Estrus In Gilts After Altrenogest (1986), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We compared the effects of outside vs inside and individual vs group penning on the interval to estrus after synchronization of estrus with altrenogest. Altrenogest (15 mg/day) was fed for 14 days and penning treatments were initiated after the last altrenogest treatment. All groups were exposed to a boar (2 hr/day) for 3 days, beginning the day after last altrenogest, and then twice daily estrous detection was initiated. Outside penning shortened the interval to estrus after altrenogest. Synchrony of estrus was not affected by treatment but there was a tendency for gilts penned outside to exhibit estrus more synchronously.; Swine …

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Effect Of Decoquinate On Gain And Health Of Newly-Arrived Stocker Cattle, F. Brazle Jan 1986

Effect Of Decoquinate On Gain And Health Of Newly-Arrived Stocker Cattle, F. Brazle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Decoquinate (Deccox®), when added to the diet of newly-arrived calves, reduced (P<.05) the number of treatments required per animal in three experiments involving 551 cattle. Feed conversion was improved in two of the three experiments and average daily gain was increased (P<.05) in one experiment when Deccox® was fed. Steer calves gained faster (P<.001) and required fewer (P<.01) treatments per head than bulls calves castrated on arrival. Black, medium-framed calves required fewer (P<.05) treatments than other breed types.

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Reproductive Performance Of Angus X Hereford And Brahman X Hereford Heifers Fed To Prebeeding Target Weights, D.J. Patterson, L.R. Corah, D.D. Simms, J.R. Brethour, W.R. Negus Jan 1986

Reproductive Performance Of Angus X Hereford And Brahman X Hereford Heifers Fed To Prebeeding Target Weights, D.J. Patterson, L.R. Corah, D.D. Simms, J.R. Brethour, W.R. Negus

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heifer development as effected by nutrition was evaluated in 148 F Angus x Hereford (A x H) and 148 F Brahman x Hereford (B x H) heifers. Heifers within each breed cross were assigned to one of two energy levels and weight groups. Heifers on the low and high energy-level diets were fed to reach 55 or 65%, respectively, of their projected mature body weights by the start of spring breeding. A higher (P<.05) percentage of A x H heifers had reached puberty by the start of spring breeding; however, their average age at puberty was greater (P<.05) than that of B x H heifers. Weight at puberty, for heifers that cycled prior to the start of spring breeding, did not differ between breed groups. Weight of heifers at puberty was greater with the high-energy than with the low-energy diets. Prebreeding body condition scores of heifers on the two energy levels differed (P<.05) more among the A x H females. The A x H heifers had higher (P<.05) fall pregnancy rates than the B x H heifers (89.2 vs 71.9%). Energy level has no significant effect on fall pregnancy rate of A x H heifers, but B x H heifers on the high-energy level had a higher (P<.05) pregnancy rate than those on the low-energy diet.

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Effect Of Single Ralgro® Implant During The Suckling Period On Reproductive Performance Of Replacement Heifers, T.B. Goehring, L.R. Corah, D.D. Simms Jan 1986

Effect Of Single Ralgro® Implant During The Suckling Period On Reproductive Performance Of Replacement Heifers, T.B. Goehring, L.R. Corah, D.D. Simms

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred and seven spring-born, crossbred heifers were used to determine the effect of a single Ralgro® implant on their reproductive performance. Three implant treatments were used: 1) Non-implanted controls, 2)36 mg Ralgro® at birth, or 3) 36 mg Ralgro® at 2 to 3 months of age. Heifers implanted at birth had significantly lower first service conception rates and overall pregnancy rules than non-implanted controls or those implanted at 2 to 3 months of age. Pelvic areas of yearling were increased by implanting at birth or 2 to 3 months of age. Age at puberty and the percentage of heifers …

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Beef Cattle Systems Analysis, R.R. Schalles Jan 1986

Beef Cattle Systems Analysis, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

For cattle producers to stay in business, they must apply the business management techniques used by sophisticated non-agricultural enterprises. Among these techniques is systems analysis, in which formulas representing interrelationships between various inputs are built into a computer program. The program simulates expected results, based on available information.

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Effect Of Combinations Of Rumen-Protected Methionine Plus Rumen-Protected Lysine On Performance Of Finishing Steers, G. Goldy, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1986

Effect Of Combinations Of Rumen-Protected Methionine Plus Rumen-Protected Lysine On Performance Of Finishing Steers, G. Goldy, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feed efficiency for finishing steers was significantly improved (7.4%) when rumen-protected methionine and lysine were added to a finishing ration.

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Effect Of Variety, Location, And Irrigation On Selected Criteria For Evaluating Wheat As A Feed For Ruminants, G. Goldy, Andrew William Lenssen, T. Walters, Jack G. Riley, Gerry L. Posler Jan 1986

Effect Of Variety, Location, And Irrigation On Selected Criteria For Evaluating Wheat As A Feed For Ruminants, G. Goldy, Andrew William Lenssen, T. Walters, Jack G. Riley, Gerry L. Posler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

There were no significant differences in in vitro digestibility between wheat varieties, but there was a trend for differences due to locations. Location differences were much wider for test weight, 1000 kernel weight, hardness score and crude protein level than variety differences. Wheat from irrigated plots had higher grain yields and crude protein content, but lower test weights, 1000 kernel weight, and hardness values than wheat from fallow plots at the same location. There were no differences in digestibilites between fallow and irrigated wheat.

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Comparative Nutritional Composition Of Selected Grain Sorghum Varieties, G. Goldy, T. Walters, Andrew William Lenssen, Jack G. Riley, Gerry L. Posler Jan 1986

Comparative Nutritional Composition Of Selected Grain Sorghum Varieties, G. Goldy, T. Walters, Andrew William Lenssen, Jack G. Riley, Gerry L. Posler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

For the 188 grain sorghum varieties studied, in vitro digestibilites were statistically similar, but there was a significant difference between the 12 production locations. Crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus levels indicated slight varietal differences; however, strong locational effects were evident.

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The Feeding Value Of Wheat And High Moisture Sorghum Grain Fed Singly And In Combination To Finishing Steers, D. Axe, K. Bolsen, R. Lee, George M. Herron Jan 1986

The Feeding Value Of Wheat And High Moisture Sorghum Grain Fed Singly And In Combination To Finishing Steers, D. Axe, K. Bolsen, R. Lee, George M. Herron

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wheat and high moisture sorghum grain were fed singly and in two combinations in a 121-day feedlot trial at the Garden City Branch Experiment Station. Feed efficiency improved with increasing proportions of wheat in the ration. However, rates of gain were similar for the three wheat-containing rations. Results showed that at least 33% sorghum grain can be substituted for wheat in finishing rations with little influence on performance. The combination rations produced rates of gain that were above predicted values, indicating positive associative effects.

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Effects Of Monensin And Sodium Propionate On Net Nutrient Absorption In Steers Fed High-Grain Diets, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery Jan 1986

Effects Of Monensin And Sodium Propionate On Net Nutrient Absorption In Steers Fed High-Grain Diets, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding either monensin or sodium propionate alone or in combination to the diet of steers fed high-grain diets resulted in increased net absorption of glucose. Monensin reduced ammonia output and gut uptake of urea. We propose that increased propionate availability reduces the utilization of glucose by gut tissues. allowing more glucose to reach the portal system. These changes may contribute to the increased feed efficiency seen when monensin is fed.

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How Stems Of Sorghum Silage Are Digested, L.H. Harbers, R.A. Schweitzer Jan 1986

How Stems Of Sorghum Silage Are Digested, L.H. Harbers, R.A. Schweitzer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Upper and lower portions of stem from three sorghum cultivars were ensiled and then subjected to rumen fermentation. The lower stems were readily digested, whereas the upper sections were poorly utilized. Several microscopic techniques were used to help explain the difference.

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Whole-Plant Grain Sorghum Silages For Growing Cattle, R. Smith, K. Bolsen, J. Hoover Jan 1986

Whole-Plant Grain Sorghum Silages For Growing Cattle, R. Smith, K. Bolsen, J. Hoover

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four trails were conducted to determine the effects of processing (rolling before feeding, with rolls set to break 95% of the kernels) and stage of maturity at harvest on the nutritive value of whole-crop grain sorghum silages for growing cattle. Rolling mid-dough silages did not improve feeding value. However, rolling at later maturity stages increased cattle gains and feed efficiencies, with the more mature, hard-grain silages giving the greatest response. Only starch digestibility was consistently affected (increased) by processing. Silage dry matter (DM) intake tended to increase, but feed efficiencies tended to decrease with advancing maturity. Neither average daily gains …

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Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate On Gains Of Stocker Cattle Fed Grain On Tall Fescue Pastures, F. Brazle Jan 1986

Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate On Gains Of Stocker Cattle Fed Grain On Tall Fescue Pastures, F. Brazle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding sodium bicarbonate to the grain supplement of steers grazing lush, low endophyte, tall fescue pasture had no effect on cattle performance.

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Effect Of Rotational Grazing By Yearlings On Early-Intensive, Double-Stocked, Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1986

Effect Of Rotational Grazing By Yearlings On Early-Intensive, Double-Stocked, Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Continuous, early-intensive (double-stocked) grazing vs. early-intensive grazing using a two-pasture, 16 to 18-day rotation were compared in three experiments. No significant differences were found (P>.15) in daily gains of stockers or forage remaining after the 2 ½ month grazing season

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A Comparison Of Selected Breed Crosses On Growth Rate During Long-Term Grazing, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1986

A Comparison Of Selected Breed Crosses On Growth Rate During Long-Term Grazing, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Brahman crossbred and Simmental crossbred calves gained similarly during a 312-day, native range grazing study. Longhorn crossbreds gained less than the Brahman or Simmental crosses but more than the British crossbreds, which served as controls. Most of the gain advantage was obtained during the summer portion (April 30-September 20) of the project.

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Effect Of Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Wheat, Alfalfa, And Sorghum Silages, K. Bolsen, R. Smith, H. Ilg, Daniel Y.C. Fung Jan 1986

Effect Of Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Wheat, Alfalfa, And Sorghum Silages, K. Bolsen, R. Smith, H. Ilg, Daniel Y.C. Fung

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Results from three laboratory silo experiments showed that four commercial silage inoculants increased fermentation rate, particularly during the first 4 days of the ensiling process. The effects of the additives on pH drop and lactic acid production were greater in wheat and alfalfa than in forage sorghum.

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The Manhattan Weather In 1984 And 1985, L.D. Bark Jan 1986

The Manhattan Weather In 1984 And 1985, L.D. Bark

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The charts that follow show graphically the daily weather in Manhattan during the last 2 years. Each chart has three smooth curves to represent the average weather conditions at Manhattan based on 70 years of records from the Experiment Station files. The two smooth curves near the top of the charts show the average maximum and minimum temperatures that occur throughout the year. They reach a low point in mid-,January and climb to a peak in mid-July. The smooth curve in the lower part of the chart indicates the average accumulative precipitation during the year. Starting at zero on January …

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Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate And Sodium Bentonite On Digestion And Ruminal Fermentation Of Forage Sorghum Silage-Based Rations Fed To Growing Steers, K. Jacques, D. Axe, T. Harris, D. Harmon, K. Bolsen Jan 1986

Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate And Sodium Bentonite On Digestion And Ruminal Fermentation Of Forage Sorghum Silage-Based Rations Fed To Growing Steers, K. Jacques, D. Axe, T. Harris, D. Harmon, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One percent sodium bicarbonate increased intake of a 50% silage-50% grain ration, but had no effect on intake of an 84% sorghum silage ration. Adding concentrate (rolled sorghum grain) lowered rumen pH slightly and decreased acid detergent fiber and starch digestion. The bicarbonate had no effect on digestibility, but 2% bentonite lowered digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fiber. Neither compound affected ruminal fermentation characteristics.

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Dairy Replacement Heifer Nutrition (1986), J.L. Morrill Jan 1986

Dairy Replacement Heifer Nutrition (1986), J.L. Morrill

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Proper nutrition and management are necessary to provide adequate numbers of healthy herd replacements. Satisfactory heifer programs must take into consideration care of the dam and characteristics of the newborn calf, including the deficiency of circulating antibodies at birth and the lack of a functioning rumen. Nutrition. Nutrition of the dry cow is very important because of the effect this has on the next lactation as well as 0[1 the developing fetus. Several points should receive special attention. (l) Provide adequate protein and energy to meet requirements. (2) Increase concentrate intake gradually during the last part of the "¢ dry …

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Is A Computer Feeder Necessary In The Dry Lot Cow? (1986), J.C. Kube, John E. Shirley, K.D. Frantz Jan 1986

Is A Computer Feeder Necessary In The Dry Lot Cow? (1986), J.C. Kube, John E. Shirley, K.D. Frantz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Springing heifers and dry cows were introduced to a computer feeder either 2 wk before their estimated freshening date or at calving. There was no significant difference in milk production, percentage milk fat, percentage milk protein, or somatic cell count (SCC). Lead feeding with a computer feeder resulted in a 40% decrease in concentrate consumption over bunk feeding during the dry period.; Dairy Day, 1986, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1986;

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Effect On Ruminal Lactic Acid Utilization And Lactic Acid-Utilizing Bacteria (1986), G.W. Miller, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1986

Effect On Ruminal Lactic Acid Utilization And Lactic Acid-Utilizing Bacteria (1986), G.W. Miller, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of diet on in vitro lactic acid utilization rate and counts of lactic add-utilizing bacteria was determined in ruminally cannulated steers. The steers were adapted to an alfalfa diet and gradually switched to an all-grain diet. The in vitro lactic acid fermentation rate increased with increased grain intake. Concurrently, the proportion of lactic acid-utilizing bacteria also increased. The increased population of lactic acid-utilizing bacteria is responsible for preventing lactic acid accumulation in the rumen of cattle adapted to consume a high-grain diet.; Dairy Day, 1986, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1986;

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Ruminal Metabolic Development In Conventionally Or Early Weaned Calves (1986), K.L. Anderson, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, J.L. Morrill Jan 1986

Ruminal Metabolic Development In Conventionally Or Early Weaned Calves (1986), K.L. Anderson, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, J.L. Morrill

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Accelerating the weaning age of calves appeared to increase their ruminal metabolic activity. This was indicated by the lower ruminal pH and increased, total volatile fatty acid concentration of calves weaned at 4 wk of age compared with those weaned at 6 wk of age.; Dairy Day, 1986, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1986;

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Evaluation Of High-Energy Calf Starter For Early-Weaned Calves (1986), W.H. Carinder, P.G. Reddy, J.L. Morrill Jan 1986

Evaluation Of High-Energy Calf Starter For Early-Weaned Calves (1986), W.H. Carinder, P.G. Reddy, J.L. Morrill

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experimental calf-starter diet containing roasted whole soybeans, buffer and dehydrated alfalfa pellets was compared with a conventional calf starter for young calves on an early-weaning program. Overall means for weight gains, dry feed consumption, and fecal scores were similar for the two treatments. However, calves fed the experimental calf starter showed a trend toward higher gains at 4 and 5 wk of age. More fat than necessary in the diet and feeding of prestarter until 8 wk of age may have precluded finding significant benefits with the experimental starter.; Dairy Day, 1986, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1986;

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Effect Of Buffers And Supplemental Potassium In Diets Of Early-Weaned Calves (1986), K.J. Jordan, J.L. Morrill, P.G. Reddy, James J. Higgins Jan 1986

Effect Of Buffers And Supplemental Potassium In Diets Of Early-Weaned Calves (1986), K.J. Jordan, J.L. Morrill, P.G. Reddy, James J. Higgins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Potassium chloride added to the prestarter and/or potassium bicarbonate added to the starter fed to early weaned calves helped maintain normal blood alkalinity and normal levels of blood gases, and resulted in a trend toward increased feed consumption. Potassium bicarbonate added to the starter tended to improve weight gains.; Dairy Day, 1986, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1986;

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Milk Flavor Quality On The Farm (1986), H.A. Roberts Jan 1986

Milk Flavor Quality On The Farm (1986), H.A. Roberts

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Milk consumption is influenced by the quality and flavor of the milk a person drinks. Today the consumer evaluates milk solely on its taste and keeping quality. Since the flavor of milk cannot be improved after it leaves the dairy farm, it is of the utmost importance to produce milk with the best flavor quality possible. Milk is a highly perishable food and must be produced under conditions that will ensure keeping quality. Generally speaking, dairymen are doing a good job of producing high quality milk but we need to be aware that problems may occur with feeding, cow health, …

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Aflatoxin In Milk And Dairy Products (1986), W.G. Ikins Jan 1986

Aflatoxin In Milk And Dairy Products (1986), W.G. Ikins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Aflatoxins are toxic compounds that are produced by certain strains of molds, namely, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These molds may invade stressed crops in the field or proliferate in improperly stored feed. Dairy cows are one of the many species of animals that may suffer both long-term and short-term adverse effects from consuming aflatoxin contaminated feed. In addition, dairy cows metabolize the toxin to a slightly different form, a portion of which is secreted into milk and can be consumed by humans.; Dairy Day, 1986, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1986;

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Bypass Protein-Theory And Concept (1986), D.L. Harmon, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1986

Bypass Protein-Theory And Concept (1986), D.L. Harmon, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The ruminant animal has the unique advantage of microbial digestion in the rumen. This relationship between host animal and microbial population presents some unique advantages and disadvantages to the animal in terms of using dietary nutrients. The greatest advantage, obviously, is the utilization of dietary fiber. The microbes digest these feedstuffs and derive energy for their growth and maintenance while producing volatile fatty acids for the energy needs of the host animal. Other important products of this microbial digestion are the microbes themselves. They supply the major portion of the animal's protein needs as microbial protein. However, it is inefficient …

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Effect Of Sarcoptic Mange Treatment On Growth Performance Of Pigs (1986), E Wooten-Saadi, A B. Broce, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1986

Effect Of Sarcoptic Mange Treatment On Growth Performance Of Pigs (1986), E Wooten-Saadi, A B. Broce, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growth performance of 135 sarcoptic mange mite-infested pigs (8 pens of 15-20 pigs each) was evaluated for an 8-week period during June-August, 1985. Pigs in 6 pens were treated with the acaricide TAKTIC EC, whereas two pens were maintained as nontreated controls. Results indicated that although treatment for sarcoptic mange was effective, it did not improve average daily gains in TAKTIC EC-treated pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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