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Articles 151 - 180 of 2736
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Monitoring Populations And Movement Of Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) On The Eastern Slope Of The Sierra Nevada Mountains Of California, Michael Brown
Monitoring Populations And Movement Of Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) On The Eastern Slope Of The Sierra Nevada Mountains Of California, Michael Brown
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Monitoring the spatial ecology and population densities of carnivores is critical for effective management and conservation of these populations and the ecosystems in which they exist. However, effective monitoring of carnivore populations through estimates of space use, habitat selection and densities can be difficult due to their relatively low densities and wide ranging, elusive behaviors. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are medium sized, top-level predators which are widely distributed across North America. Quantifying space use, habitat selection and developing effective population monitoring strategies for this species will have important implications for wildlife management.
My first objective was to use telemetry …
Invasive Plant Occurrence Across Agency Boundaries: Two Case Studies From California, Natalie Otto
Invasive Plant Occurrence Across Agency Boundaries: Two Case Studies From California, Natalie Otto
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Non-native invasive species (NNIS) are a major concern confronting land managers in and surrounding protected areas such as national parks. These areas are managed by a variety of entities, all of which have different mandates, management priorities, and resources that are allocated to NNIS programs. These differences can result in ecological divergences at land boundaries and can create barriers to cooperative management. Through interviews and ecological data collection, this research addresses three topics; 1. It identifies disparities in NNIS and disturbance occurrence between jurisdictions and tests the strength of correlations between these variables; 2. It seeks to determine what role …
Responses Of Pacific Fishers To Habitat Changes As A Result Of Forestry Practices In Southwestern Oregon, Tessa R. Smith
Responses Of Pacific Fishers To Habitat Changes As A Result Of Forestry Practices In Southwestern Oregon, Tessa R. Smith
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
The fisher (Pekania pennanti) is a medium-sized carnivore found in mature forest stands across much of the northern United States. Although historically abundant in the west, fisher populations declined rapidly after fur trapping, extensive logging, and urban development reduced their numbers. Currently, biologists are concerned about the effects timber harvest practices have on fisher tolerance and adaptability when faced with changes to high-quality habitat stands. Tree removal and thinning of understory vegetation are frequently used to alleviate the spread of wildfires in previously dense forest stands with a potential for large-scale habitat loss; yet, a deficit of large …
Seeding Rate, Herbicide, And Irrigation Effects On Spring-Seeded Oat-Alfalfa Companion Crops, Carson D. Roberts
Seeding Rate, Herbicide, And Irrigation Effects On Spring-Seeded Oat-Alfalfa Companion Crops, Carson D. Roberts
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Small grain companion crop seeding rate recommendations for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) establishment are dated and inconsistent, and how a small grain companion crop seeding rates should be adjusted at different moisture levels is unknown. A study was conducted to provide clarity about oat (Avena sativa L.) companion crop seeding rates that maximize weed suppression and forage yield and minimize the effect on alfalfa stand establishment. This experiment considered oat companion crop seeding rates at various irrigation levels. Companion crop treatments consisted of oats sown at 89, 45, 22, 10, and 0 (with and without herbicide) kg ha …
Compost And Cover Crop Effects In Dryland Organic Wheat, Michael D. Deakin
Compost And Cover Crop Effects In Dryland Organic Wheat, Michael D. Deakin
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Producers of dryland organic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the western USA struggle to maintain adequate soil fertility due to the high cost of organic fertilizers and concerns over moisture use of cover crops. Low soil fertility results in decreased wheat yield and quality, and increased year-to-year variability in yield and quality based on weather. This study was conducted to measure the effects of, and interactions between, cover crop mixes and a one-time compost application on soil health and winter wheat yield and quality. The study was located on three adjacent certified organic wheat farms near Snowville, UT, each …
Nodulation And Growth Of Shepherdia × Utahensis ‘Torrey’, Ji-Jhong Chen
Nodulation And Growth Of Shepherdia × Utahensis ‘Torrey’, Ji-Jhong Chen
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Shepherdia ×utahensis ‘Torrey’ (Elaeagnaceae) is a hybrid of two native actinorhizal plants in the Intermountain West, S. argentea (silver buffaloberry) and S. rotundifolia (roundleaf buffaloberry). Due to actinorhizal symbiosis, atmospheric nitrogen (N2) can be converted to ammonium, a bioavailable form. Actinorhizal plants have great value in sustainable nursery production and urban landscape use. However, nitrogen fertilizer negatively affects the nodulation of actinorhizal plants. As a newly developed hybrid, both the symbiont identity and nodule formation of S. ×utahensis ‘Torrey’ remain largely unknown. Therefore, experiments were conducted to investigate the nodule formation of S. ×utahensis ‘Torrey’ inoculated with field …
Classification And Prediction Models For Natural Streamflow Regimes In The Arid Southwestern Usa, Angela M. Merritt
Classification And Prediction Models For Natural Streamflow Regimes In The Arid Southwestern Usa, Angela M. Merritt
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Understanding how natural variation in flow regimes influences stream ecosystem structure and function is critical to the development of effective stream management policies and actions. Spatial variation in flow regimes is well understood for stream reaches in mesic regions, but a more robust characterization of flow regimes in arid regions is needed, especially to support biological monitoring and assessment programs. Methods are specifically needed that can accurately predict the flow regime expected at ungauged reaches. We used long-term (41 y) records of mean daily flow from 287 stream reaches in the arid western USA to develop and compare several alternative …
Selection And Propagation Of Pinyon Pine, Kylie M. Lawson
Selection And Propagation Of Pinyon Pine, Kylie M. Lawson
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Single-leaf pinyon pines are drought tolerant trees native to the Great Basin. This species is a source of wild-collected, edible pine nuts that are in great demand. With no previous research apparent, this thesis aimed to identify wild trees with high cone production as sources for evaluating grafting onto immature and mature trees. Wild sources of scions were identified from four wild stands and six trees per stand. Counting and analyzing the number of scars left by mature cones along the leader branch provided an estimate for each tree‚Äôs productivity and identified trees with greater productivity within a stand. The …
Demographics, Accuracy, And Impact Of Feed Laboratories In The United States, Jerald H. Severe
Demographics, Accuracy, And Impact Of Feed Laboratories In The United States, Jerald H. Severe
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Feed analysis is very important to modern society. In the United States feed analysis is used to optimize production of food animals. Feed analysis is also used as a tool to place value on crops. As important as feed analysis is to society, little research has been done that describes which feed laboratories are the most popular and why people use them. It has been thought by some patrons that different results from the same feed sample are obtained by different laboratories. Is this true? If so, what is the effect on those that use feed laboratories to produce animals, …
Habitat, Diet, And Foraging Ecology Of Willow Flycatcher In Sierra Nevada Meadows, Scott E. Dietrich
Habitat, Diet, And Foraging Ecology Of Willow Flycatcher In Sierra Nevada Meadows, Scott E. Dietrich
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
The last stronghold of the California Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) population, which exists in the Sierra Nevada, continues to decline, necessitating a clearer understanding of how meadows provide habitat for the species. To gain this understanding, we assessed vegetation type, saturation levels, and invertebrate species at 51 different sites within four meadows located in the Little Truckee River drainage. 17 of these sites were occupied by nesting Willow Flycatcher during the time of the study, 17 sites had been occupied by nesting Willow Flycatcher in annual surveys between 1997 and 2010 but are no longer used, and 17 …
Soil Health, Phosphorus And Carbon Dynamics In Response To A One-Time Compost Application And Cover Crops In Organic Dryland Winter Wheat, Idowu Ademola Atoloye
Soil Health, Phosphorus And Carbon Dynamics In Response To A One-Time Compost Application And Cover Crops In Organic Dryland Winter Wheat, Idowu Ademola Atoloye
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Organic dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) growers in the U.S. are faced with high interannual variability in yields. This is related to the low annual precipitation and low soil fertility on the cultivated soils. Improving soil health is the key to increasing and maintaining crop yields. In this study, we compared the effects of different rates (0, 12.5, 25 and 50 Mg DW ha-1 compost and 2 Mg ha manure-1) of large quantities of steer manure compost and the inclusion of cover crops versus fallow on soil health and on carbon and phosphorus dynamics in …
Fruit Tree Responses To Water Stress: Automated Physiological Measurements And Rootstock Responses, William D. Wheeler
Fruit Tree Responses To Water Stress: Automated Physiological Measurements And Rootstock Responses, William D. Wheeler
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
New orchard plantings utilize trees grafted to dwarfing rootstocks planted close together to facilitate larger harvests. These dwarfing rootstocks have not been comprehensively studied for their ability to withstand drought. This is of special importance in the Intermountain West which has limited rainfall. Additionally, orchard growers face competition for water from a growing population and increased uncertainty in rainfall from climate change. My research examined the use of dendrometers, which measure changes in trunk diameter, and sap flow sensors, which measure how quickly sap moves, as methods to inform growers about tree water status. I also used a weighing lysimeter …
Assessment Of Compost On Dryland Wheat Yield And Quality, Soil Fertility And Water Availability In Utah, Kareem A. Adeleke
Assessment Of Compost On Dryland Wheat Yield And Quality, Soil Fertility And Water Availability In Utah, Kareem A. Adeleke
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
In 2014-2016 Kareem Adeleke undertook a graduate project under the supervision of Utah State University (USU) Plants, Soils and Climate professors, Drs. Jennifer Reeve, Astrid Jacobson, and Earl Creech. Organic wheat producers face numerous challenges, such as low soil moisture, soil erosion, and low soil fertility. Organic wheat growers generally do not apply fertilizer due to inability to recoup the costs in the short-term. Compost enhances long-term improvement in soil quality, soil fertility and increase yield in low input environments. Understanding of compost carryover effects in dryland wheat systems is necessary for increased yield that will allow adequate supply of …
Effects Of Wi-Fi-Enabled Smart Irrigation Controllers On Water Use And Plant Health Of Residential Landscapes In The Intermountain West, Shane R. Evans
Effects Of Wi-Fi-Enabled Smart Irrigation Controllers On Water Use And Plant Health Of Residential Landscapes In The Intermountain West, Shane R. Evans
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Residential and commercial landscapes provide home and business owners with several benefits. These benefits range from improved air quality and flood control to the reduction of noise and breakdown of organic chemicals. However, these landscapes are routinely overwatered which can lead to plant disease, nutrient pollution, and large amounts of water being wasted. Utah State University, in conjunction with the Center for Water Efficient Landscaping (CWEL), the Utah Division of Natural Resources and Weber Basin Water Conservancy District, conducted an experiment to determine if Wi-Fi-enabled smart irrigation controllers conserve water as compared to average residential irrigation amounts and manually programmed …
Utilizing Earth's Microbiology To Develop The Framework For A Manufactured Martian Nitrogen Cycle, Kyle Valgardson
Utilizing Earth's Microbiology To Develop The Framework For A Manufactured Martian Nitrogen Cycle, Kyle Valgardson
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
History has shown us that space travel is a complicated activity not to be taken lightly. Extended missions such as those that would accompany a manned mission to Mars are guaranteed to have increased complexity and require creative solutions to problems we likely take for granted. One such issue is how to supply the necessary amount of nitrogen to the astronauts to keep them alive. Nitrogen is an essential component to life on Earth as most biological molecules, such as protein and DNA, contain a significant amount of it. Most organisms have to get it from what they eat, but …
Effects Of Premortem Stress On Heat Shock Protein Abundance, Oxidation, And Color In The Longissimus Lumborum Of Holstein Steers Following Harvest, Reganne K. Briggs
Effects Of Premortem Stress On Heat Shock Protein Abundance, Oxidation, And Color In The Longissimus Lumborum Of Holstein Steers Following Harvest, Reganne K. Briggs
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Consumers consider tenderness and steak color to be two important attributes associated with meat quality. However, inconsistencies in both tenderness and steak color remain despite similar production practices of beef cattle. Stressful events before harvest may impact meat quality by initiating certain pathways such as abundance of heat shock proteins (HSP) and oxidation within the skeletal muscle. Heat shock proteins have been associated with tenderness while oxidation may affect steak color and flavor. In this study, 40 Holstein steers were administered adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) to mimic a stressful event before harvest. Animals were harvested at different times following the ACTH …
Novel Polymorphisms Of Zrsr2 And Gpm6b Gene Homologs And Their Use In Sex Identification Of Bovine And Porcine Species, Evan K. Peterson
Novel Polymorphisms Of Zrsr2 And Gpm6b Gene Homologs And Their Use In Sex Identification Of Bovine And Porcine Species, Evan K. Peterson
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Accurate and cost-effective PCR based sex identification is important in animal production because it gives producers the ability to determine the sex of embryos prior to transfer, saving time and money. The most efficient PCR sex identification assays work by using a single primer pair to amplify a specific target region located on the Y-chromosome and a second, separate target region on the X-chromosome.
This thesis reports the design of two novel assays. The first assay was designed to target the Zinc finger CCCH-type, RNA binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2 (ZRSR2) gene found on the X-chromosome and its Y-chromosome …
Examination And Empirical Forecast Of Wheat Yield In Northwest India Based On Climate And Socio-Economic Factors, Avik Mukherjee
Examination And Empirical Forecast Of Wheat Yield In Northwest India Based On Climate And Socio-Economic Factors, Avik Mukherjee
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
This study summarizes the findings of research organized in two parts. The first part includes the impact of climate and socio-economic factors that affected wheat yield in northwest India during the 2000s. The second part focused on the forecast of average wheat yield for the two highest wheat producing states Punjab and Haryana.
Initial study focused on the impact of climate factors on wheat yield in northwest India. It has been found that above normal temperature coupled with water shortage i.e. irregular irrigation and low soil moisture contributed to the prolonged yield reduction during 2002-2010.
Next, we reviewed the socio-economic …
Effect Of Biocrust Development On Establishment Of Native Plants In A Salt Desert System, Merran Owen
Effect Of Biocrust Development On Establishment Of Native Plants In A Salt Desert System, Merran Owen
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Salt desert shrublands are semiarid, shrub-dominated ecosystems that inhabit salt- affected soils. In Great Basin salt deserts, exotic annual plants are invading and displacing native plants. Low plant productivity and slow population growth of native plants in these ecosystems makes them vulnerable to invasion and limits their ability to compete with invasive plants and return to a natural state. Active revegetation efforts, such as planting and direct seeding of native plants, are often unsuccessful for the same reasons. Biological soil crusts (communities of cyanobacteria, lichen, moss, microfungi and other microorganisms that live on the surface layer of the soil) are …
Water Use In Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba) With Applications In Irrigation Timing And Quantity, Preston S. Colver
Water Use In Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba) With Applications In Irrigation Timing And Quantity, Preston S. Colver
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) is a major fruit crop in China where it has been a favored cash crop and successfully used to address erosion problems in the Loess Plateau region of western China. Further use of jujube in forestry projects and improved agricultural efficiency are very promising. This study sought to repeat a water-use study in two climates: a hot, semi-arid climate in Yangling, Shaanxi, China and a dry-summer, continental climate in Logan, Utah, USA. The study took physiological measurements on the trees with the aim of characterizing the way that jujube uses water. This would help to …
Rumen Fermentation Responses To Purified Palmitic, Stearic, Or Oleic Fatty Acids And The Impact Of A Palmitic Acid-Enriched Supplement On Animal Performance, Austin Paul Sears
Rumen Fermentation Responses To Purified Palmitic, Stearic, Or Oleic Fatty Acids And The Impact Of A Palmitic Acid-Enriched Supplement On Animal Performance, Austin Paul Sears
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Our research examined the responses of palmitic, stearic and oleic fatty acids on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility and rumen fermentation and the impact of a palmitic acid-enriched supplement on animal performance. In the first research chapter, we evaluated the effect of purified palmitic, stearic, and oleic fatty acids on NDF digestibility and rumen fermentation. Palmitic acid increased NDF digestibility and total production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) compared with oleic acid. Bacterial fatty acid composition was altered by palmitic acid, increasing anteiso-C15:0, C18:2n6 and C18:3n3 fatty acids compared with oleic acid. Compared with control, …
Assessing The Effects Of Cold Storage Regimes Of North American Bombus Queens: Long Live The Humble Queen, Thuy - Tien Thai Lindsay
Assessing The Effects Of Cold Storage Regimes Of North American Bombus Queens: Long Live The Humble Queen, Thuy - Tien Thai Lindsay
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Bumble bees (Bombus) provide critical pollination services for wild plants and crops. They are generalist pollinators, and do not depend on one singular floral type. Native bumble bees are adapted to pollinating many native plants, such as blueberries, squash, and tomatoes. A critical component of bumble bee pollination in the greenhouse tomato industry is the domestication of commercially bred colonies. However, the domestication of Bombus is pretty early in its development, and not all aspects of the bumble bee life cycle is fully understood. This thesis addresses one of the major obstacles in domestication, which is successful mimicking …
Applied Species Delimitation In Microbial Taxa And Plants, Austin C. Koontz
Applied Species Delimitation In Microbial Taxa And Plants, Austin C. Koontz
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Species are a fundamental concept in biology, and many subdisciplines in biology utilize species in aspects of theory and in the communication of results. Given the centrality of species in biological science, it can seem surprising that there is no universal definition amongst biologists of what, strictly speaking, a species is. In fact, there are, by some estimates, over 20 different "species concepts", and this lack of a consensus is termed "the species problem". This problem has theoretical underpinnings, but has become more relevant as advances in sequencing technologies over the past two decades have allowed researchers to probe the …
Influences Of Forest Edges On The Growth And Health Of Old-Growth Coast Redwood Forests, Cody R. Dangerfield
Influences Of Forest Edges On The Growth And Health Of Old-Growth Coast Redwood Forests, Cody R. Dangerfield
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) is the tallest species in the world, frequently attaining heights greater than 300 ft. The unique characteristics of the redwoods has led to the establishment of several preservation areas including national and state parks. However, abrupt forests edges created by previous logging and landcover changes has left the remaining stands exposed to elevated temperature, sunlight, and wind intensities, thereby making redwoods along the forest edge more susceptible to windthrow and drought stress. Despite the rarity of old-growth coast redwood forests and their ecological and cultural significance, very few studies have investigated how forests edges …
The Consequences Of Environmental Properties And Tree Spatial Neighborhood On Post-Fire Structure Of Forest In Yosemite National Park, Jelveh Tamjidi
The Consequences Of Environmental Properties And Tree Spatial Neighborhood On Post-Fire Structure Of Forest In Yosemite National Park, Jelveh Tamjidi
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Separating the contribution of habitat filtering and dispersal mechanisms in forming species distribution remains a challenge in community ecology. Despite the effect of environmental variables in structuring communities, only restricted numbers of them were considered as a habitat dissimilarity.
In Chapter 2, I used topography and soil properties to define habitats within the Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot (YFDP). The soil enzymes were added in soil samples due to their important role in releasing nutrients into the soil environment. The preference of eleven species to a specific habitat were examined. Also, the relative importance of habitat filtering and dispersal limitation were …
The Role Of The Recently Deorphanized G-Protein Coupled Receptor, Gpr171, In Morphine Tolerance And Withdrawal, Leela Afrose
The Role Of The Recently Deorphanized G-Protein Coupled Receptor, Gpr171, In Morphine Tolerance And Withdrawal, Leela Afrose
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Opioid analgesics, such as morphine, represent the gold standard pain killer and the most frequently used drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Despite being a potent analgesic, morphine has unwanted and dangerous side effects with repeated use, such as tolerance and withdrawal. Tolerance is a state when a person no longer responds to a drug and a higher dose is required to achieve the same initial pain relief. Withdrawal is a set of undesirable psychological and physiological symptoms that occur after someone stops taking a drug or reduces the dose. Morphine tolerance and withdrawal play a vital …
Leadership Styles And Barriers To Leadership For Women In Agriculture: A Mixed Methods Study, Erica Ramsey Louder
Leadership Styles And Barriers To Leadership For Women In Agriculture: A Mixed Methods Study, Erica Ramsey Louder
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Women are a growing demographic in agriculture, yet women holding positions in agricultural leadership is limited. This research sought to identify the ways women in agriculture lead by examining their leadership styles and the barriers they face as they strive to advance within their professions.
The results show that women are relationship-based leaders and that there are significant barriers that inhibit women’s advancement in agriculture. Many of these barriers are related to gender bias, self-perception, and life issues such as stress and workload.
Propagation Of Two Utah Native Plants: Ceanothus Velutinus And Cercocarpus Montanus, Asmita Paudel
Propagation Of Two Utah Native Plants: Ceanothus Velutinus And Cercocarpus Montanus, Asmita Paudel
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Among various water conservative approaches, the use of native plants in landscape, such as Ceanothus velutinus (snowbrush ceanothus) and Cercocarpus montanus (alder-leaf mountain mahogany), is attractive. Efficient propagation methods are required to allow these native species to use in water-efficient landscaping. Sexual (seed) and asexual/vegetative (cuttings and micropropagation) propagation methods were evaluated.
Seeds of both C. velutinus and C. montanus were scarified and/or stratified and treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) to break dormancy. The results showed hot water scarification and 2-3 months of stratification effectively broke the dormancy of C. velutinus seeds, and stratification for 2-3 months was …
Exploring The Connection Between Acid Exposure And Virulence In Listeria Monocytogenes, Minghao Li
Exploring The Connection Between Acid Exposure And Virulence In Listeria Monocytogenes, Minghao Li
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive food-borne pathogen that is widely dispersed in the environment and can cause listeriosis with high fatality rates when consumed in contaminated food products. They are capable of growing over a wide range condition. Listeria is also able to tolerate adverse conditions which allows the bacterium to survive in unfavorable environments. The ubiquitous nature of L. monocytogenes makes it difficult to eliminate from food systems. One major problem in the food industry is the survival of L. monocytogenes under sublethal low pH-environment since organic acids are widely used as food decontaminants. Prior research has suggested that …
Investigating Nest Box Utilization By Bumble Bees And Reproductive Development Of Male Bumble Bees, James Daniel Herndon
Investigating Nest Box Utilization By Bumble Bees And Reproductive Development Of Male Bumble Bees, James Daniel Herndon
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Bumble bees (Bombus Latrielle) are a wide-spread group of pollinating insects that are important species to conserve across many environments to ensure both ecological and economic resiliency because they pollinate important agricultural, horticultural, and wild flora. Surprisingly, fundamental questions still remain about this important charismatic group of pollinators. The investigations in this thesis are but two of many topics that require further research. The topics investigated are understanding bumble bee nest site preferences and reproductive development of both sexes of bumble bees. The first experiment (Chapter 2) investigates whether nest boxes elevated off of the ground and attached to …