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Articles 1 - 30 of 241
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Characterization Of Halophyte Rhizosphere Microbiomes At Great Salt Lake, Utah, Haley K. Nate
Characterization Of Halophyte Rhizosphere Microbiomes At Great Salt Lake, Utah, Haley K. Nate
Utah Space Grant Consortium
The saline soils comprising the shoreline of Great Salt Lake, Utah (GSL) provide a unique habitat for both halophytes (salt-tolerant plants) and the microorganisms that inhabit their rhizosphere. While plant diversity has been well documented at GSL, little is known about the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. Here we present preliminary data characterizing the halophyte rhizosphere microbiome at two GSL locations; the more saline North Arm near the artwork, Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty (SJ), and the less saline South Arm on Antelope Island (Al). The rhizosphere of several plants along the shoreline at both SJ and Al locations was sampled. …
Identification Of Haloarchaea In Gypsum From Great Salt Lake, Zhantao Du
Identification Of Haloarchaea In Gypsum From Great Salt Lake, Zhantao Du
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is a common precipitate at Great Salt Lake (GSL). On Earth, gypsum is formed in hypersaline environments, in minerals left behind when water evaporates. In the Autumn, as the water cools, mineral precipitation is favored since solubility is lowered. In this process, newly formed gypsum will trap microorganisms in fluid and clay inclusions. This study is to cultivate haloarchaea preserved in gypsum, and identify the species using PCR technique.
Designing An Optimal Lighting Fixture For Extraterrestrial Crop Growth: Integrating Efficacy And Photobiology, Paul Kusuma
Designing An Optimal Lighting Fixture For Extraterrestrial Crop Growth: Integrating Efficacy And Photobiology, Paul Kusuma
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Extraterrestrial crop growth will require the development of technologies that provide photons to drive photosynthesis. Light-emitting diode (LED) technology is the likely technology of choice due to 1) its inherent flexibility, and 2) its high efficiency. Here we describe two important considerations for the optimization of this system: photon efficacy (μmol of photons produced per joule of input electrical energy) and spectral effects on plant growth and development. With these two considerations, we suggest the design of an LED fixture for extraterrestrial crop growth that contains a 5:10:55:30 ratio of blue, green, red, and far-red photons (respectively). This would be …
Connecting Land Cover To Benthic Cover Within The Watershed: Quantifying Impacts Of Terrigenous Sediment On Coral Reef Health And Morphology Using Remote Sensing And Machine Learning, L. Kalai Ellis
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Erosion, with associated sedimentation of reefs and loss of habitat for marine and coastal species, is one of the most pressing environmental challenges in Hawaii. Identifying hotspots of soil erosion guides management on land, but limited work has been done connecting land cover to coral reef health and morphology. Current reef survey methods overgeneralize the spatial variation of benthic cover and this has been reflected in incorrect Geographic Information System (GIS) layers of the reef. We propose a novel and more holistic approach to improve accuracy by connecting sedimentation from source to sink using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Unmanned Surface …
Predicting Propofol-Induced Burst Suppression Using An Individualized Model-Based Approach Over Repeated Treatments, Jason C. Huang
Predicting Propofol-Induced Burst Suppression Using An Individualized Model-Based Approach Over Repeated Treatments, Jason C. Huang
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Our group is investigating the antidepressant effects of high-dose propofol, but dosing propofol to induce standardized changes in EEG activity (“burst suppression”) is challenging due to limited knowledge of each subject’s pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). In this paper, we approximated PK-PD models for propofol-induced burst suppression (PIBS), based on multiple subjects over repeated treatments. We then applied these models to predict BSR in each subject’s repeated treatment, then evaluate their predictive performances. We hypothesized that predicting BSR from a greater number of previous treatments would improve performance, but our current results are not conclusive enough to validate the hypothesis. …
What Women In Comic Books Teach Us, Megan Miller
What Women In Comic Books Teach Us, Megan Miller
Student Research Symposium
I would like to research the similarities between captivity narratives and comic books. Focusing the research specifically to how both forms of literature give women a space to act outside of societal norms, while still being an accepted and active member of their societies. Both forms of literature have been wildly popular, and they still resonate culturally today. I would focus my comparison and research on the captivity narrative of Hannah Dustan told in A Notable Exploit. For the comic book story, I will focus on the story the Scarlet Witch. In the captivity narrative, religion was used to absolve …
Consequences Of Host Life Cycles For Symbiont Genome Evolution, Ashley Dederich
Consequences Of Host Life Cycles For Symbiont Genome Evolution, Ashley Dederich
Student Research Symposium
Obligate symbionts play a crucial role in both the survival and evolution of their host. However, symbiont genomes degrade substantially over evolutionary time, sometimes losing genes presumed essential to the partnership. Buchnera aphidicola (Buchnera), the obligate nutritional symbiont of aphids, serves as a model for studying genomic degradation in obligate symbiotic systems. Previous literature has theorized that the patterns of Buchnera genome degradation may result partly from aphid gall formation, as galls generally have elevated levels of nutrients. However, the association of aphid life cycle type with patterns of Buchnera genome degradation has not been tested. To test this, I …
I Never Made An Issue About My Kids': How Professional Mothers Navigate Bias At Work, Rachael Gulbrandsen
I Never Made An Issue About My Kids': How Professional Mothers Navigate Bias At Work, Rachael Gulbrandsen
Student Research Symposium
How do professional women with children navigate motherhood bias? The current study seeks to answer this question by looking at the strategies professional mothers employ both at work and at home to overcome bias and sustain their careers. Previous research has looked at how motherhood penalizes women`s careers and indicates varying impacts across race and class. This paper seeks to fill the gap of how professional mothers intentionally navigate bias through work and family life strategies. To answer this, researchers took a multimethod approach using data from a statewide survey of lawyers and conducted in-depth interviews with women lawyers in …
Onion Epithelial Membranes As A Scaffold For Generating Connective Tissue, Andrea Peterson, Anna Scribner, Annika Saunders
Onion Epithelial Membranes As A Scaffold For Generating Connective Tissue, Andrea Peterson, Anna Scribner, Annika Saunders
Student Research Symposium
Scaffolds are used for several functions in tissue engineering, including providing structural support and promoting cell adhesion and differentiation. In this study, we examined the value of using onion epithelial membranes (OEM) as a scaffold for skin cell growth. We tested the growth of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts on decellularized and non-decellularized OEM and compared the cell growth to that in typical tissue flask culture conditions. We examined cell growth, viability, and attachment in each culture condition. We found that NIH 3T3 fibroblasts grew on the non-decellularized OEM, but the decellularized OEM was too fragile to use practically. Cell growth on …
In Silico Screeing Of Natural Compounds As Novel Drug Targets For Treatment Of Multiple Myeloma, Rousselene Larson
In Silico Screeing Of Natural Compounds As Novel Drug Targets For Treatment Of Multiple Myeloma, Rousselene Larson
Student Research Symposium
In Silico Screening of Natural Compounds as Novel Drug Targets for The Treatment of Multiple MyelomaRousselene Larson1 2, Naveen Duhan1, and Rakesh Kaundal1 2 *1Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences; 2Bioinformatics Facility, Center for Integrated BioSystems; Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA* corresponding author (e-mail: rkaundal@usu.edu)Telephone: +1 (435) 797-4117Fax: +1 (435) 797-2766Abstract: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy cancer characterized by excessive clonal plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow. In the United States, MM is the second most prevalent type of cancer that affects about 4 in 100,000 Americans. Toxicity …
Creation Of Video Stimuli Based On Adults' Hearing Aid Experiences, Kylie Madsen
Creation Of Video Stimuli Based On Adults' Hearing Aid Experiences, Kylie Madsen
Student Research Symposium
Although hearing aids have been shown to improve audibility for people with hearing loss, not all hearing aid candidates choose to wear hearing aids. We propose that one reason for this lack of hearing aid use is patients’ unrealistic expectations of the hearing aid technology. For this study, we aimed to create video stimuli with strong content validity that can be employed in a later study exploring patient expectations of hearing aids. In order to create the stimuli, we first reviewed personal narratives from hearing aid users and non-users. Then we selected representative statements of a variety of individuals’ experiences …
Form And Broadway, Aubree Hessing, Gabriela Perez, Meghann Flemming, Anna Johnson, Kaela Unruh
Form And Broadway, Aubree Hessing, Gabriela Perez, Meghann Flemming, Anna Johnson, Kaela Unruh
Student Research Symposium
We will be looking at a Broadway piece, 'Bring Him Home' and how the theory and form apply to the emotions of the piece.
May Swenson: The Rise Of The Reluctant Feminist, Emily Gould
May Swenson: The Rise Of The Reluctant Feminist, Emily Gould
Student Research Symposium
Lesbian. Woman. Feminist. These are just a few of the labels that others tried to impose on May Swenson throughout her life. However, Swenson revolted against the bonds that others tried to place on her. She did not want to be secured to labels, conform to groups, or be shackled to restrictive societies. Rather, she found her solace in her own soul, and her peace through her individual perspective. Swenson lived her life according to her standards, her beliefs, her doctrine, her conscience, and through her poetry she encouraged others to do the same. One of Swenson’s most anthologized poems, …
What We Owe To Nature, Mikayla Flanary
What We Owe To Nature, Mikayla Flanary
Student Research Symposium
For my presentation, I will be discussing the aspect of nature in May Swenson's poems, particularly through Swenson's approach to nature, why she uses this approach, and why it is important for you and I. Through the study of selected Swenson poems, I have found that Swenson focuses on the use of ecocriticism, flat ontology, and environmental humility to deconstruct the popular romantic view of nature, and create a more relatable and understandable view that nature is us and we are nature. Through the speakers of her poems, Swenson shows us that we are not apart from the natural world …
Queer Spirituality: Exploring The Poetry Of May Swenson, Sabrina Madsen
Queer Spirituality: Exploring The Poetry Of May Swenson, Sabrina Madsen
Student Research Symposium
My research is focused on how May Swenson displays her personal and spiritual beliefs through the use of nature-based and gender-queer poetry. I focus on four of Swenson's poems: 'The Centaur,' 'Women,' 'Let Us Prepare,' and 'Mornings Innocent,' describing how each poem contributes to her argument that true spirituality is found in free personal expression and the rejection of traditional societal, religious, and gender norms.
Investigating The Direct Effect Of Phosphorylation On The Oligomeric State And Activity Of Yprmt1, Emily Wilson, Anthony Peidl
Investigating The Direct Effect Of Phosphorylation On The Oligomeric State And Activity Of Yprmt1, Emily Wilson, Anthony Peidl
Student Research Symposium
Protein arginine methylation is an essential post-translational modification that significantly affects various eukaryotic cellular processes by mediating protein-protein, protein-RNA, and protein-DNA interactions. Arginine methylation is catalyzed by a family of proteins called protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Proper regulation of PRMT activity is imperative, as dysregulation is found to contribute to cardiovascular disease and cancer. In the study described herein, we investigated how phosphorylation of PRMT1 might affect both the oligomerization and activity of the enzyme. A recent study demonstrated that the yeast analog of yPRMT1 (yPRMT1) can be phosphorylated at serine residue 9. Using in vivo studies, the authors claimed …
The Story Of 'Up' Told By The Music, Cameron Bell, Kate Hansen, Bryson Andersen, Michael Winters
The Story Of 'Up' Told By The Music, Cameron Bell, Kate Hansen, Bryson Andersen, Michael Winters
Student Research Symposium
In today's world, movies play a big part in many lives when it comes to entertainment. Essential to each movie is the film score that accompanies it. A quick search of popular scenes from well-known movies with the music removed will illustrate this point. A well-established technique used by many film score composers constitutes the introduction of certain themes to represent and emphasize particular aspects of the film. Variations of an established theme will highlight different moods and thereby help to communicate to the audience what they should be feeling. A study of the scene in 'Up' called 'Married Life' …
A Landslide Of Emotion, Abigail Lee, Addie Spencer, Kienna Parkin, Megan Chesley
A Landslide Of Emotion, Abigail Lee, Addie Spencer, Kienna Parkin, Megan Chesley
Student Research Symposium
What do eating a burger, listening to Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen, and understanding musical theory all have to do with each other? Attend our presentation and find out. We will be walking through the different sections of Queen's iconic song and relating them to the intricate world musical form through an informative burger diagram. Even if you have never worked with musical form or aren't familiar with music theory, we hope that after attending our presentation, you will walk away with a bit more knowledge in this field and if anything, a greater love for the band Queen.
Virtual Worlds Promise And Threaten To Transform Society–– Legal Framework Reassessment Needed, Jessica Ivie
Virtual Worlds Promise And Threaten To Transform Society–– Legal Framework Reassessment Needed, Jessica Ivie
Student Research Symposium
The emergence of virtual worlds on platforms such as Animal Crossing, World of Warcraft, and Second Life are creating new, global connections that raise both security opportunities and concerns. Virtual worlds have recently been utilized to create social change anonymously, as evidenced by pro-Hong Kong democracy demonstrations taking place on Animal Crossing and Black Lives Matter protests taking place across many platforms (Sims, Grand Theft Auto, World of Warcraft, etc.). The blatant use of virtual worlds by potentially dangerous groups has given the FBI (and other security organizations) clear insights into their plans, and makes the job of security workers …
Correlational Study Of Frog Toe-Tip Morphology And Microhabitats, Taylor Mendenhall
Correlational Study Of Frog Toe-Tip Morphology And Microhabitats, Taylor Mendenhall
Student Research Symposium
The purpose of our research is to examine whether there is a correlation between frog toe tip morphology and ecology (microhabitat). We hypothesized that if frog toe tip morphology is correlated with environmental factors, then aquatic and semi-aquatic species will have larger measured distances of toe tip widths. We predict that aquatic and semi-aquatic species will have larger measured toe tip widths across phylogeny to enhance swimming abilities. Anuran samples of 217 species were used in our correlational analysis. Using the package geomorph in R, we placed 3D landmarks on the toe tip of the second digit. We then performed …
Possible Mechanisms Behind Impaired Glucose Metabolism In Niacin-Deficient Mice, Sierra Lopez
Possible Mechanisms Behind Impaired Glucose Metabolism In Niacin-Deficient Mice, Sierra Lopez
Student Research Symposium
Niacin, a component of vitamin B3, is necessary for the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD is an essential coenzyme in many biologic functions, including a number of metabolic processes that regulate glucose and fat homeostasis. Humans obtain niacin in its dietary form, common in meats, nuts, legumes and some leafy vegetables. While severe niacin deficiency, or pellagra, has been drastically reduced in the United States, some populations remain vulnerable to deficiency, particularly pregnant women, cancer patients, the elderly and alcoholics. Age-related NAD deficiency is emerging as being positively correlated with cognitive decline and impaired dermal repair.. At the …
The Electrovacuum Universe: Exploring The Implications Of A Solution To The Einstein Field Equations, Jenny Whiteley
The Electrovacuum Universe: Exploring The Implications Of A Solution To The Einstein Field Equations, Jenny Whiteley
Student Research Symposium
The Einstein field equations explain gravitational interaction in terms of spacetime geometry. These equations have numerous solutions, with each solution being a possible model for the universe. Exploring the implications of various models have resulted in a deeper understanding of our universe. Examples include the FLWR solution, which predicted an expanding universe, and the Schwarzschild solution, which predicted the existence of black holes. Due to their complexity, many solutions have not yet been fully explored as the technology has not been available to handle such analysis. One such solution is a model where the universe consists of a homogeneous electromagnetic …
Developing Electron Beam Lithography At Nanoscale Device Laboratory, Din Pašić
Developing Electron Beam Lithography At Nanoscale Device Laboratory, Din Pašić
Student Research Symposium
At the Nanoscale Device Laboratory, we can routinely create patterns with a minimum linewidth of 800 nm using photolithography. However, to create photonic devices, the pattern size must be smaller than the wavelength of visible light (400 to 800 nm). Dedicated electron beam writers can achieve a sub-10 nm linewidth, but this system is beyond our reach. In this project, we plan to use a Nanometer Pattern Generation System (NPGS) connected to a Quanta 650 scanning electron microscope (SEM) to perform e-beam lithography. After setting up a computer to run the NPGS system, and establishing communications with the SEM, we …
Relying On Us: Student Journalists And Censorship 1960-2010, Sydney Dahle
Relying On Us: Student Journalists And Censorship 1960-2010, Sydney Dahle
Student Research Symposium
In the 1960s students across the United States began to grow distrustful of censorship restrictions placed on universities. This led to free speech movements across the country in protest of violated first amendment rights. At the heart of these protests, covering the violence, the speeches, and most importantly, the changes, were student journalists. Student journalists would go on to cover how major events affected their peers via articles, editorials, columns, and cartoons. Although major news outlets covered the same events and were often praised for it, student journalists and their work on university newspapers told the stories of how protest …
Gender Bias In Student Evaluations Of Teaching, Audree Britte, Kiyan Irani
Gender Bias In Student Evaluations Of Teaching, Audree Britte, Kiyan Irani
Student Research Symposium
There is mixed evidence regarding the presence of gender bias in student evaluations of teaching (Foote, Harmon, & Mayo, 2003; Morgan et al., 2016). Given the importance placed on student evaluations of teaching in regards to promotion and tenure, it is essential to determine whether gender bias is present and to what extent (Laube, Massoni, Sprague, & Ferber, 2007). Many previous studies have shown there is strong evidence of implicit bias in the traits we expect to see from female and male professors, but these studies have been limited by how they identify the presence of bias (e.g. Basow, 1995; …
Children's Literacy Center In Ghana, Africa, Aly Barlow
Children's Literacy Center In Ghana, Africa, Aly Barlow
Student Research Symposium
There is a shortage of education and literacy centers in Africa. The lack of facilities where people can learn to read and write is fueling many social issues including illiteracy. This low literacy rate then leads to life-long employment struggles, financial issues, marital problems, and poverty. The low education levels perpetuate poverty, and it has been shown that poverty levels are dependent and often dictated on knowing how to read and do math. The children's literacy center will encourage learning from a young age to hopefully curb the poverty cycle and also meet the educational needs of the local children …
Flutes Of The American Southwest, Adam Hardy
Flutes Of The American Southwest, Adam Hardy
Student Research Symposium
Travel to any southwestern tourist destination and one image will seem to appear everywhere: that of the humpbacked flute player, commonly called “Kokopelli.” Appearing in rock art spanning at least 5 states, the image has met with many different interpretations. The oral traditions and lack of written language of ancestral people means any definitive interpretation of this image and its relation to ancient culture is problematic. There are several key points, however, that are helpful to shaping our understanding. The presence of flutes in the early Basketmaker and Pueblo cultures is well documented, and their precise tonalities suggest the presence …
Development Of A Lethal Rodent Model Of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection For Preclinical Antiviral Drug Testing, Rhett Fackrell
Development Of A Lethal Rodent Model Of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection For Preclinical Antiviral Drug Testing, Rhett Fackrell
Student Research Symposium
Lymphocyctic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an Old World arenavirus belonging to the family Arenaviridae. The natural host is the common house mouse, with about 5% of the population persistently carrying and shedding the virus. LCMV is spread to humans through the aerosolized excrements of rodents or passed from mother to fetus through the placenta. Some of these cases lead to aseptic meningitis or meningoencephalitis with permanent neurological damage possible. Studies indicate that 2-5% of people are positive for serum LCMV antibodies [1]. LCMV infection has also occurred in organ transplant recipients, with nearly all cases being fatal [2]. There are …
Central-Bank-Digital-Currency Blockchains; Us Economic Influence Threatened – Requires Quantum Network Development And Deployment, Erika Mueller
Central-Bank-Digital-Currency Blockchains; Us Economic Influence Threatened – Requires Quantum Network Development And Deployment, Erika Mueller
Student Research Symposium
Traditional, digitally secured Information and Communications Infrastructures (ICI) whose encryption, transmission and reception architectures are approved for sensitive data will soon be vulnerable to quantum penetration. This leads to security compromises impacting public and private spheres. The state which first achieves Quantum Supremacy will have a window of opportunity to compromise its adversaries’ ICI and gain valuable information, while protecting their own sensitive data. Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) reliance on Blockchain technology for financial transactions poses economic and security challenges to the US, by undermining global reliance on Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Transactions (SWIFT) and the US Dollar …
Malicious Applications Of Artificial Intelligence Escalate Existing Vulnerabilities To Cyberattacks, Cayden Groicher
Malicious Applications Of Artificial Intelligence Escalate Existing Vulnerabilities To Cyberattacks, Cayden Groicher
Student Research Symposium
The democratization of artificial intelligence (AI) technology paired with existing malware technologies and social-engineering methods presents a dynamic threat that many existing cybersecurity systems are not prepared to mitigate. Malicious AI applied in cyberattacks is highly plausible in the near-term time-horizon and would be very characteristic of state and non-state actors. The subset of malware called ransomware is a likely candidate whose proliferation, when paired with AI, could have wide-reaching consequences to many individuals. NotPetya and WannaCry, are two examples of the immense financial damages that result from an effective ransomware attack. AI being used to instigate a ransomware attack …