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Articles 2611 - 2640 of 3936

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors Jan 2009

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Effectiveness Of Zinc Given Intra-Nasally Or Orally To Newly Received Stocker Cattle Against Bovine Respiratory Disease And Effects On Growth Performance, Amy Guernsey, Beth Kegley, Jeremy Powell, Doug Galloway, Alicia White, Steve Breeding Jan 2009

Effectiveness Of Zinc Given Intra-Nasally Or Orally To Newly Received Stocker Cattle Against Bovine Respiratory Disease And Effects On Growth Performance, Amy Guernsey, Beth Kegley, Jeremy Powell, Doug Galloway, Alicia White, Steve Breeding

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Beef calves (n = 88) were purchased from regional auction barns and delivered as a single group. Upon arrival, cattle were assigned to eight pens. Pens were assigned randomly to one of three treatments; two pens received 3 mL of a nasal spray solution (10.8 mg Zn/mL) into each nostril using a single-use nasal atomizer; three pens received 40 mL of an oral drench (16.25 mg Zn/mL), and three pens received no Zn at processing (negative control). Appropriate treatments were administered at processing on d 0 of the 43-d study. After treatment, cattle were worked and housed so they did …

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Species Richness, Distribution, And Relative Abundance Of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) Of The Buffalo National River, Arkansas, M. Matthews, F. Usrey, S. W. Hodges, John L. Harris, Alan D. Christian Jan 2009

Species Richness, Distribution, And Relative Abundance Of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) Of The Buffalo National River, Arkansas, M. Matthews, F. Usrey, S. W. Hodges, John L. Harris, Alan D. Christian

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Buffalo River in north-central Arkansas is approximately 246 km long and flows through the Boston Mountains and Springfield and Salem Plateaus to the White River near Buffalo City. The Buffalo River is America’s first National River with the National Park Service owning 11% of land in the watershed. The objectives of this project were to survey the entire perennially wet length of river, search for mussels of conservation concern, and document the freshwater mussel assemblages. During 2004 and 2005, 235 km of the river were qualitatively and quantitatively surveyed. We documented 64 mussel assemblages. Time constrained qualitatively sampled assemblages …

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Good Agricultural And Handling Practices For Grapes And Other Fresh Produce, Pamela L. Brady, Justin R. Morris Jan 2009

Good Agricultural And Handling Practices For Grapes And Other Fresh Produce, Pamela L. Brady, Justin R. Morris

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

In recent years consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has increased dramatically. This trend has increased the amount of produce being purchased at farmer’s markets, road-side stands, and neighborhood markets since consumers say they feel that the direct contact with growers at these markets makes them better able to assess the quality and safety of the produce. This buying trend has opened new markets to small- and medium-sized farms, which sell at these local outlets.

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A Comparative Study Of High-Linoleic Acid Vegetable Oils For The Production Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Whitney Gammill Jan 2009

A Comparative Study Of High-Linoleic Acid Vegetable Oils For The Production Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Whitney Gammill

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-atherogenic properties and is present in very small quantities in dairy and beef products. Obtaining optimum dietary CLA levels from these sources requires an undesirable increased intake of saturated fat A 20% CLA soy oil has been produced by UV photoisomerization of linoleic acid (LA) in soy oill, which is naturally low in saturated fat. However, no other high LA vegetable oils have been studied for their potential as CLA-rich oils. The objectives of this research were to: 1) commpare flax, sunflower, corn, soy and high LA safflower oils as sources of …

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Analysis Of The Accase Mutation Profile Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne Ssp. Multiflorum) Accessions Resistant To Accase Inhibitors, Thomas Stark Jan 2009

Analysis Of The Accase Mutation Profile Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne Ssp. Multiflorum) Accessions Resistant To Accase Inhibitors, Thomas Stark

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) resistant to ACCase inhibiting herbicides has been reported in many wheat producing counties across Arkansas. Resistance is believed to be the result of point mutations creating amino acid substitutions in the CT domain of the plastidic ACCase gene. This study explores the occurrence of mutations in the ACCase gene of ryegrass populations. Plant material was collected and DNA was extracted from 10 Arkansas ryegrass populations. Six of the populations were known to be resistant to the ACCase inhibitor diclofop-methyl, while the remaining four populations were known to be susceptible to diclofop-methyl. Two highly conserved …

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History Of Development And Characterization Of The U.S. Blackberry Market, Thais F. Carvalho, John R. Clark, Michael R. Thomsen Jan 2009

History Of Development And Characterization Of The U.S. Blackberry Market, Thais F. Carvalho, John R. Clark, Michael R. Thomsen

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The fresh blackberry market within the United States has expanded significantly in the past 10 years based on the development of new cultivars with improved firmness and longer shelf life, permitting their shipment over long distances. Currently, blackberries maintain a nearly continuous presence on the shelves of grocery stores across the U.S., which was uncommon a decade ago. Increased consumption of blackberries is due to increased consumer desire for improved nutrition and diet along with expanded availability. Worldwide, producers have increased production with a 45% increase in area planted from 1995 to 2005. Further expansion has occurred since then. This …

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Department Of Cardiac Function In Lcad Deficient Mice After A Single Bout Of Endurance Exercise, Evan M. Lord Jan 2009

Department Of Cardiac Function In Lcad Deficient Mice After A Single Bout Of Endurance Exercise, Evan M. Lord

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Fatty acids are the primary fuel source for cardiac tissue in both humans and animals. These become especially important during times of starvation and long bouts of exercise. Fatty acids are broken down into smaller, useable acyl-CoA subunits through a process called beta-oxidation. The first step in this process must be catalyzed by one of four acyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzymes depending on the length of the fatty acid to be metabolized. The enzyme that catalyzes the break-down of long-chain fatty acids, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), was examined. The objective of this study was to determine how a single bout of endurance …

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Characterizing The Variability Of Physical And Chemical Properties Across The Soil Individuals Mapped As Amy Silt Loam Soils In Southeastern Arkansas, B. Bhandari, Robert L. Ficklin Jan 2009

Characterizing The Variability Of Physical And Chemical Properties Across The Soil Individuals Mapped As Amy Silt Loam Soils In Southeastern Arkansas, B. Bhandari, Robert L. Ficklin

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Knowledge of physical and chemical properties of soil is relevant for landowners, researchers, and foresters, so that appropriate crop species and management practices to maximize site productivity can be selected. In addition to issues of plant productivity, the need for assessing soil properties has been expanded due to public interest in determining the consequences of management practices on soil quality relative to sustainability of crop ecosystem functions. The USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) delineated soil mapping units to provide information about physical and chemical properties of soil in each soil series. However, soil mapping units do not provide details about …

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Condition Relative To Phenotype For Bass Populations In Southern Arkansas Lakes, R. Allen, C. Cato, Colton Dennis, Ronald L. Johnson Jan 2009

Condition Relative To Phenotype For Bass Populations In Southern Arkansas Lakes, R. Allen, C. Cato, Colton Dennis, Ronald L. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Southern Arkansas reservoir largemouth bass populations (Micropterus salmoides) are often supplemented with stocks of Florida bass (M. floridanus) in an attempt to boost the frequency of hybrid and trophy bass. Stocking rates of Florida bass among these lakes are highly variable. We determined bass phenotype composition among 12 lake populations based upon stocking protocols: exclusively Florida bass, primarily Florida bass, mixed stocking protocol and primarily largemouth bass. We also compared condition among phenotypes (n =2,100) to test for hybrid or phenotype vigor. Mean relative weight of bass for most lakes but SWEPCO Lake (mean Wr = 72) were ≥ 90. …

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Temporal Changes Of Largemouth Bass Alleles In A Northern Arkansas Reservoir Stocked With Florida Bass, R. Allen, Ronald L. Johnson Jan 2009

Temporal Changes Of Largemouth Bass Alleles In A Northern Arkansas Reservoir Stocked With Florida Bass, R. Allen, Ronald L. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Southwest Electric Power Company (SWEPCO) Lake in northwest Arkansas is a thermal cooling pond for the Flint Creek Power Station. This reservoir has been regularly stocked with Florida bass (Micropterus floridanus) on top of a pre-existent largemouth bass (M. salmoides) population since its creation in 1976. Allozyme analysis of diagnostic loci in 1995-1996 revealed that 62% of the alleles were Florida bass alleles and that most fish were FX hybrids (77%). Microsatellite analysis of diagnostic loci in 2006 revealed that 78% of the alleles were Florida bass alleles and that most fish were FX-Florida hybrid bass (59%), with the remainder …

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Unionoida (Mollusca: Margaritiferidae, Unionidae) In Arkansas, Third Status Review, John L. Harris, William R. Posey Ii, C. L. Davidson, Jerry L. Farris, S. R. Oetker, J. N. Stoeckel, B. G. Crump, M. S. Barnett, H. C. Martin, J. H. Seagraves, M. W. Matthews, R. Winterringer, C. Osborne, Alan D. Christian, N. J. Wentz Jan 2009

Unionoida (Mollusca: Margaritiferidae, Unionidae) In Arkansas, Third Status Review, John L. Harris, William R. Posey Ii, C. L. Davidson, Jerry L. Farris, S. R. Oetker, J. N. Stoeckel, B. G. Crump, M. S. Barnett, H. C. Martin, J. H. Seagraves, M. W. Matthews, R. Winterringer, C. Osborne, Alan D. Christian, N. J. Wentz

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We analyzed stream inventories, phylogeographic studies, community and population estimates, life history and reproductive biology research, and suitable habitat investigations conducted from 1997-2008, as well as the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission mussel database, to update the conservation status for all native freshwater unionoid bivalves thought to occur in Arkansas. Prior to this study, Harris et al. (1997) reviewed the distribution and status of 75 freshwater mussels considered native to Arkansas and ranked 22 species as endangered, threatened or special concern. We now recognize 85 mussel taxa in Arkansas; however, some of those have yet to be described or their nomenclature …

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Distribution And Population Characteristics Of Lower Walleye In The Eleven Point River, Arkansas, Ronald L. Johnson, S. D. Henry, Sam W. Barkley Jan 2009

Distribution And Population Characteristics Of Lower Walleye In The Eleven Point River, Arkansas, Ronald L. Johnson, S. D. Henry, Sam W. Barkley

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Walleye Sander vitreus (Mitchill) distributions and ecology have been poorly studied in southern river basins. We studied the longitudinal distribution and population characteristics of walleye in an unregulated river within the Ozark region of the U.S., the lower Eleven Point River, Arkansas, which has high species diversity. Walleye were collected in a 60 km segment of the river by daytime boat electrofishing over a three year period (2002-2004). Catch rates, growth rates and size structure were high relative to other streams studied in North America. Catch per effort ( = 5.2/h) was similar seasonally, spatially and among years. Proportional stock …

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Qualitative Freshwater Mussel Survey Of The South Fork Spring River, Missouri And Arkansas, H. C. Martin, John L. Harris, Alan D. Christian Jan 2009

Qualitative Freshwater Mussel Survey Of The South Fork Spring River, Missouri And Arkansas, H. C. Martin, John L. Harris, Alan D. Christian

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A qualitative freshwater mussel survey was performed in the South Fork Spring River, Arkansas between May 13 and June 20, 2006 to assess community composition, density, and the presence of endangered mussel species (Family Unionidae). Twenty-one species from 460 individuals of mussels were collected using qualitative methods. Of those 21 species, 11 were ranked as S1, S2, or S3 using rankings established by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission Heritage Program. Three species, Amblema plicata (Say 1817), Lampsilis reeveiana (Call 1887), and Ptychobranchus occidentalis (Conrad 1836), comprised 48% of all mussels collected with 12%, 15%, and 21%, respectively. Mussel abundance within …

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Determination Of Benthic Soil Conditions Using Nematodes: Nematode Foodweb Conditions Of Fish Ponds In The Lincoln And Desha Counties Of Arkansas, M. M. Matute, P. W. Perschbacher, A. Newell Jan 2009

Determination Of Benthic Soil Conditions Using Nematodes: Nematode Foodweb Conditions Of Fish Ponds In The Lincoln And Desha Counties Of Arkansas, M. M. Matute, P. W. Perschbacher, A. Newell

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We determined the health status of similar channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) ponds in Lincoln and Desha counties of Arkansas, using the nematode soil food web condition as our reference point. Soil nematodes were categorized into colonizer-persister (cp) groups, based on their life course characteristics e.g sensitivity to environmental changes, body size, etc. These cp groups represent different components of the soil food web, which in turn were indicators of soil conditions. Benthic soil samples were collected at four week intervals over a 4-month period, from 6-ponds in each county. The nematodes were extracted according to standard methods and the recovered …

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Biological And Economic Considerations In Establishing A Short-Rotation Bioenergy Plantation, Jamie L. Schuler, M. Pelkki, Chris Stuhlinger Jan 2009

Biological And Economic Considerations In Establishing A Short-Rotation Bioenergy Plantation, Jamie L. Schuler, M. Pelkki, Chris Stuhlinger

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The development of bio-fuel synthesis technologies has led to increased interest in woody crops grown specifically for energy production. These woody feedstocks typically involve fast-growing species (e.g., Salix spp., Populus spp.) planted at high densities using short rotations and intensive cultural practices like weed control and fertilization. Under ideal conditions, this type of system can produce 20 dry Mg/ha/yr, which is substantially higher than the 2.5-4 dry Mg/ha/yr produced by pine plantations in the southern U.S. Many of these plantings are projected to be established on lower quality agricultural lands. Recent attempts at establishing these plantations have highlighted some of …

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Recent Collections And Additional Records Of Collembola From Arkansas Caves, Michael E. Slay, G. O. Graening Jan 2009

Recent Collections And Additional Records Of Collembola From Arkansas Caves, Michael E. Slay, G. O. Graening

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Recent collections and additional records of Collembola from caves in Arkansas are reported. Based on these collections and review of the literature, 35 collembolan species are known from Arkansas caves. Included in this group are 10 troglobiotic, or cave-limited, species: Lethemurus missus, Pygmarrhopalites buffaloensis, Pygmarrhopalites clarus, Pygmarrhopalites dubius, Pygmarrhopalites youngsteadtii, Pseudosinella dubia, Pseudosinella testa, Sinella barri, Sinella cavernarum, and Typhlogastrura fousheensis. Three of these species, Py. buffaloensis, Py. youngsteadtii, T. fousheensis, are endemic to Arkansas, while Ps. dubia is known only from the Ozark Plateaus Ecoregion. The remaining species are more widespread. Lethemurus missus, Ps. georgia, Ps. testa, and S. …

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Three New State Bird Species And Updates On Other Arkansas Avian Records, Douglas A. James, Kimberly G. Smith, Joseph C. Neal, William M. Shepherd, Charles Mills Jan 2009

Three New State Bird Species And Updates On Other Arkansas Avian Records, Douglas A. James, Kimberly G. Smith, Joseph C. Neal, William M. Shepherd, Charles Mills

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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New Distribution Records For Three Species Of Notropis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) From Large Rivers Of Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, William G. Layher, Henry W. Robison, Thomas M. Buchanan Jan 2009

New Distribution Records For Three Species Of Notropis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) From Large Rivers Of Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, William G. Layher, Henry W. Robison, Thomas M. Buchanan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Mussel Inventory And Population Status Of The Federally Endangered Potamilus Capax (Green 1832) In The Tyronza River, Arkansas, N. J. Wentz, John L. Harris, Jerry L. Farris, Alan D. Christian Jan 2009

Mussel Inventory And Population Status Of The Federally Endangered Potamilus Capax (Green 1832) In The Tyronza River, Arkansas, N. J. Wentz, John L. Harris, Jerry L. Farris, Alan D. Christian

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Currently, few data exist for the mussel assemblages of the Tyronza River, Arkansas. The goal of this project was to inventory the freshwater mussel assemblages of the Tyronza River and determine the status of the federally endangered Potamilus capax. We qualitatively and quantitatively sampled mussel assemblages and documented the occurrence of S1 (extremely rare), S2 (very rare), and S3 (rare to uncommon) species. A total of 70.4 river kilometers were sampled in 2006 and 2007 resulting in 363 sampling sites, 4030 live individuals, and 25 species. We observed a total of 1 S1, 2 S2, and 9 S3 species. Mean …

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New Distributional Records Of Ants In Arkansas For 2008, David M. General, Lynne C. Thompson Jan 2009

New Distributional Records Of Ants In Arkansas For 2008, David M. General, Lynne C. Thompson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Backyard "Bug" Collecting Results In 6 New State Records For Arkansas, U.S.A., Stephen W. Chordas Iii, J. Kremers Jan 2009

Backyard "Bug" Collecting Results In 6 New State Records For Arkansas, U.S.A., Stephen W. Chordas Iii, J. Kremers

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The aquatic Hemiptera of Arkansas are fairly well documented (see Chordas et al. 2005), but the terrestrial bugs are less well known. Recent projects and publications have begun to address this deficiency. Including the 6 reported herein, there have been 64 Hemiptera species newly recorded for Arkansas between 2005 and 2009 (Chordas et al. 2005, Chordas and Kovarik 2008a, Chordas and Kovarik 2008b). The second author is an invertebrate enthusiast who maintains a large personal collection. The content of this collection is primarily an accumulation of invertebrates captured on or around his property in Clarksville (Johnson County) Arkansas (Figure 1). …

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New County Distribution Record For The Seminole Bat In Arkansas, T. L. Klotz, Thomas S. Risch Jan 2009

New County Distribution Record For The Seminole Bat In Arkansas, T. L. Klotz, Thomas S. Risch

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 10 2009, Several Authors Jan 2009

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 10 2009, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Contents, Discovery Editors Jan 2009

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Letter From The Dean, Lalit Verma Jan 2009

Letter From The Dean, Lalit Verma

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Establishing A Rapid And Effective Method For Screening Salt Tolerance In Soybean, Mioko Tamura, Pengyin Chen Jan 2009

Establishing A Rapid And Effective Method For Screening Salt Tolerance In Soybean, Mioko Tamura, Pengyin Chen

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Chlorine (Cl) toxicity has been recognized as a constraint for soybean production. Although the use of a Cl-tolerant crop easily solves the problem, current screening methodologies for Cl tolerance are often ineffective because of inadequate means of detecting and measuring plant response to salinity. In order to facilitate the evaluation process and selection of Cl-tolerant genotypes, a study was conducted to develop a rapid and effective method for screening Cl tolerance in soybean. Seeds of five soybean cultivars, each representing either the includer or excluder genotype to salt stress, were grown in a greenhouse in two different growing media (potting …

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Processing And Storage Effects On The Polyphenolic Content And Antioxidant Capacity Of Conventional And Sugar-Free Blueberry Jams, Chelsea Castrodale, Luke Howard, Cindi Brownmiller Jan 2009

Processing And Storage Effects On The Polyphenolic Content And Antioxidant Capacity Of Conventional And Sugar-Free Blueberry Jams, Chelsea Castrodale, Luke Howard, Cindi Brownmiller

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Fresh blueberries have received much attention due to their positive role in human health and disease prevention. The abundance of polyphenolics, namely anthocyanins and procyanidins, is thought to play an important role in health promotion. Due to seasonal availability and limited shelf-life, blueberries are commonly preserved and consumed in various thermally processed forms (jams, juices, canned whole fruit, and purées). Both conventional high sugar and sugar-free blueberry jams are available on the market, but no information is available on how different formulations, processing conditions, and storage of processed jams affect the retention of polyphenolics and antioxidant capacity found in fresh …

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Developing Enterprise Budgets For Sustainable School Gardens: Service Learning In A Global Context, Ashley D. Jones, Jennie S. Popp Jan 2009

Developing Enterprise Budgets For Sustainable School Gardens: Service Learning In A Global Context, Ashley D. Jones, Jennie S. Popp

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Service learning programs are becoming a part of curricula in universities throughout the United States. The University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, (UAF) established a service learning program that targeted the educational, health, social, and agricultural needs of a community. The focus of this research aimed to provide students, faculty, community members, school officials, and students with a template for crop budgets. These crop budgets are used to evaluate the costs and returns of producing multiple crops at a school. Crops produced in a sustainable garden must meet three criteria: 1) have minimal negative environmental impact, 2) provide just-in-time production of quality …

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Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2008, D. G. Dombek, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge, R. M. Pryor Jan 2009

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2008, D. G. Dombek, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge, R. M. Pryor

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for soybean producers

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