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Articles 31 - 41 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Developmental Neurogenesis And Myelination Of Songbird Brains: Sex Differences, Hormones And Social Effects, Adriana Diez
Developmental Neurogenesis And Myelination Of Songbird Brains: Sex Differences, Hormones And Social Effects, Adriana Diez
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Song learning in songbirds typically happens during the first months after hatching, when the young bird is transitioning to sexual maturity and is more sensitive to extrinsic factors, such as acoustic experience, and intrinsic factors, such as changes in sex hormones. These factors influence the protracted song learning process that involves both behavioral changes at the song level and changes at the cellular level in the underlying neural structures of the vocal control system, the brain circuitry that allows song learning and production. However, the understanding of the neurogenic processes involved in the development of the vocal control system and …
Spinal Excitability Changes Following Sensory Electrical Stimulation Of The Forearm, Devin K. Box
Spinal Excitability Changes Following Sensory Electrical Stimulation Of The Forearm, Devin K. Box
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Sensory electrical stimulation can be used to suppress tremor in Parkinson’s disease. This study investigated the central mechanism underlying this suppression in healthy participants. Reciprocal inhibition (RI) of the wrist flexors before and after a session of sensory electrical stimulation (SES) applied to the antagonistic extensor muscles was assessed using electromyography. It was hypothesized that a 15-minute session of SES, rated by participants as a 3 on a 0-10 pain scale, would produce an increase in RI. Seven of the 18 participants experienced an increase in RI at 0-5 minutes post stimulation, which returned to baseline at 10-15 minutes. The …
Expression And Subcellular Localization Of Circrnas Dysregulated Als That Are Encoded In Cytoskeletal Protein Genes, Asieh Alikhah
Expression And Subcellular Localization Of Circrnas Dysregulated Als That Are Encoded In Cytoskeletal Protein Genes, Asieh Alikhah
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes the death of motor neurons. While alterations in the metabolism of RNA, including RNA-binding proteins have been linked to the pathogenesis of ALS, our understanding of the role of non-coding RNAs including circRNAs is less well developed. In this study, using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence (IF) with markers of RNP granules, I investigated the effect of osmotic stress on the localization and expression of a selection of circRNAs whose expression is dysregulated in ALS. Alteration in the number of granules for …
Development Of A Wearable Haptic Feedback Device For Upper Limb Prosthetics Through Sensory Substitution, Marco B.S. Gallone
Development Of A Wearable Haptic Feedback Device For Upper Limb Prosthetics Through Sensory Substitution, Marco B.S. Gallone
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Haptics can enable a direct communication pipeline between the artificial limb and the brain; adding haptic sensory feedback for prosthesis wearers is believed to improve operation without drawing too much of the user's attention. Through neuroplasticity, the brain can become more cognizant of the information delivered through the skin and may eventually interpret it as inherently as other natural senses. In this thesis, a wearable haptic feedback device (WHFD) is developed to communicate prosthesis sensory information. A 14-week, 6-stage, between subjects study was created to investigate the learning trajectory as participants were stimulated with haptic patterns conveying joint proprioception. 37 …
Modulation Of Gabaa Receptor By Neurosteroids And Protein Kinases In Health And Disease, Jaymin Jeong
Modulation Of Gabaa Receptor By Neurosteroids And Protein Kinases In Health And Disease, Jaymin Jeong
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA receptors) underlie the majority of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the brain. Modulation of GABAergic activity occurs in development and normal physiological functioning of the brain, and changes to GABAergic function has been implicated in numerous neurological disorders including epilepsy. Neurosteroids, metabolites of steroid hormones, and kinases are known to modulate GABAA receptor mediated currents in health and disease. This thesis aims to investigate the effects of kinases and neurosteroids on modulating GABAA receptor-mediated currents in cortical pyramidal cells and their effects on the piriform cortex (PCtx) circuit in naïve rats and …
Protein Misfolding Toxicity And Inclusion Formation In Cellular Models Of Neurodegeneration, Sonja E. Di Gregorio
Protein Misfolding Toxicity And Inclusion Formation In Cellular Models Of Neurodegeneration, Sonja E. Di Gregorio
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Protein misfolding characterizes most neurodegenerative diseases. Protein misfolding is the conversion of specific proteins from their normal, often soluble, and native three-dimensional conformation into an aberrant, often insoluble, non-functional conformation. Protein inclusions and aggregates are among the major pathological hallmarks of protein misfolding associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, the role of aggregates and inclusions is not clearly defined and heavily debated. This study utilizes powerful genetic approaches in yeast and verification in mammalian neuronal cell lines to address the misfolding and toxicity of three proteins, the Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (RGNEF), Matrin3, which are involved in amyotrophic lateral …
Functional Loss Of Cntnap2 In The Rat Leads To Autism-Related Alterations In Behaviour And Auditory Processing, Kaela Elizabeth Scott
Functional Loss Of Cntnap2 In The Rat Leads To Autism-Related Alterations In Behaviour And Auditory Processing, Kaela Elizabeth Scott
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The contactin-associated protein-like 2 gene, CNTNAP2, is a highly penetrant gene thought to play a role in the genetic etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its link to ASD, the field lacks a complete understanding of the role CNTNAP2 plays in the hallmarks of ASD: repetitive behaviours and abnormalities in social interaction, language, and sensory processing. Therefore, this thesis first examines if a loss-of-function mutation in the CNTNAP2 gene in the rat (SD-Cntnap2tm1Sage) is sufficient to cause alterations in social interactions, stereotypic behaviour, and sensory processing. Cntnap2 knockout rats showed deficits …
Uncovering Deficits In Auditory Processing And Cognition Following Hearing Loss And Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction, Krystyna B. Wieczerzak
Uncovering Deficits In Auditory Processing And Cognition Following Hearing Loss And Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction, Krystyna B. Wieczerzak
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
How the auditory cortex and higher-order cortical regions, e.g., the prefrontal cortex, interact for accurate auditory processing and perception is not fully understood. Furthermore, although hearing loss is correlated with cognitive impairment, and animal studies have shown that loud noise exposure causes hippocampal neuropathology, the effects of noise-induced hearing loss on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and higher-level cognitive functions have not been well studied. Using electrophysiological and cognitive-behavioural testing in rats, Chapter 2 provides the first evidence of noise-induced plasticity in the mPFC (e.g., loss of functional connectivity with the auditory cortex) and deficits in stimulus-response habit learning. Although …
Evaluating Anesthetic Protocols For Non-Human Primate Functional Neuroimaging, Megha Verma
Evaluating Anesthetic Protocols For Non-Human Primate Functional Neuroimaging, Megha Verma
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to measure a proxy of neural activity in vivo with high spatial specificity. One subject can be followed for a long period of time to assess changes in functional brain organization. However, fMRI is extremely sensitive to motion. The challenges of training non-human primates to reduce motion in an MRI scanner motivate the study of anesthesia which is commonly used to substitute for this training. In this thesis, I compare three different commonly used anesthetic protocols: isoflurane, propofol-fentanyl in combination, and fentanyl alone, to test which of …
Is Motor Excitability Modulated By Isochronous Rhythms?, Syed Z. Raza
Is Motor Excitability Modulated By Isochronous Rhythms?, Syed Z. Raza
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Humans perceive and synchronize to regularity in auditory temporal sequences. Auditory regularity activates motor areas, but how the timing of motor responses relates to the regularity is unclear. Thus, we examined whether motor excitability, an index of motor activity, fluctuated to an isochronous sequence and characterized the timing of these fluctuations. Participants heard isochronous tones followed by a short silence, during which they imagined the tones continuing. Using single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we indexed excitability throughout the sequence. Cosine models were fit to constructed excitability timecourses to quantify periodicity of the excitability fluctuations. Motor excitability did not fluctuate …
Assessing Cognitive Function In A Mouse Model Of Synucleinopathy, Mei Peng Lim
Assessing Cognitive Function In A Mouse Model Of Synucleinopathy, Mei Peng Lim
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
A common hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases is the formation and spreading of misfolded protein. In synucleinopathies, the aggregation-prone alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is the pivotal player. At present, whether cognitive deficits in synucleinopathies arise due to increased protein misfolding is unclear. We utilized the Bussey-Saksida touchscreen system to study the impact of α-syn pathology on cognition. M83 homozygous mice, a model of synucleinopathy, were impaired in reversal learning in the Pairwise Visual Discrimination (PVD) reversal task, but do not show attentional impairments in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time task. In contrast, M83 hemizygous mice do not show deficits in the PVD reversal …