Life Sciences Commons^™

Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 2007, John A. Lucy, Lewis Gillingham

Reports

Initiated in 1995, the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program (VGFTP) database is comprised of tagged fish records, and corresponding recaptured fish records. These records are primarily generated through contributed efforts of a dedicated corps of trained marine anglers targeting only a select number of target species. The recaptured fish records are the result of observant individuals noticing the tags in live or freshly-boxed/shipped fish. Recapture reports originate from a mix of sources, including marine anglers, commercial fishers, workers in fish packinghouses, wholesale and retail sellers of fish, and NOAA Fisheries observers on coastal trawl boats.

Preliminary Assessment Of Nonpoint Source Fecal Coliform Loading And Flushing Capability In The Back Bay, Virginia, Mac Sisson, Harry V. Wang, Jian Shen, Tao Shen

Reports

No abstract provided.

Habitat Selection By Juvenile Striped Bass In Lower Chesapeake Bay Tributaries : Inferences From Occupancy Models, David A. Hewitt, Mary C. Fabrizio, Amanda H. Hewitt, Julia K. Ellis

Reports

No abstract provided.

Estimation Of Juvenile Striped Bass Relative Abundance In The Virginia Portion Of Chesapeake Bay, January 2007-December 2007 : Annual Progress Report, Amanda H. Hewitt, Leonard S. Machut, Mary C. Fabrizio

Reports

The primary objective of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science juvenile striped bass survey is to monitor the relative annual recruitment success of juvenile striped bass in the major Virginia nursery areas of lower Chesapeake Bay. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initially funded the survey from 1967 to 1973. After a hiatus ending in 1980, funds were provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service under the Emergency Striped Bass Study program. Commencing with the 1988 annual survey, the work was jointly supported by Wallop-Breaux funds (Sport Fish Restoration Act) administered through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the …

Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott Gardner

Zea E-Books Collection

An exhaustive dictionary of over 13,000 terms relating to invertebrate zoology, including etymologies, word derivations and taxonomic classification. Entries cover parasitology, nematology, marine invertebrates, insects, and anatomy, biology, and reproductive processes for the following phyla: Acanthocephala Annelida Arthropoda Brachiopoda Bryozoa Chaetognatha Cnidaria Ctenophora Echinodermata Echiura Entoprocta Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Mesozoa Mollusca Nemata Nematomorpha Nemertea Onychophora Pentastoma Phoronida Placozoa Platyhelminthes Pogonophora Porifera Priapula Rotifera Sipuncula Tardigrada.

doi:10.13014/K2DR2SN5

An Unusual Reaction And Other Observations Of Sperm Whales Near Fixed-Wing Aircraft, Mari A. Smultea, Joseph R. Mobley Jr., Dagmar Fertl, Gregory L. Fulling

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Reported behavioral reactions by sperm whales to aircraft are sparse, highly variable, and largely anecdotal as summarized below. Observers since the whaling era began have noted that sperm whales tend to be skittish (Whitehead 2003). When documented, sperm whale reactions to both planes and helicopters range from no reaction (Clarke 1956, Gambell 1968, Green et al. 1992) to reactions such as increased surface intervals and dramatic behavioral changes (Clarke 1956, Fritts et al. 1983, Mullin et al. 1991, Würsig et al. 1998, Richter et al. 2003, 2006). Given the lack of supporting data for either case, it is important that …

First Record Of Ceratapsis Monstrosa, A Larval Oceanic Penaeoid Crustacean, From The Gulf Of Mexico, James S. Franks, Adrienne Russell Flowers

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The genus Cerataspis (Gray, 1838) (Crustacea, Decapoda), assigned to the Penaeoidea by Burkenroad (1936) and Heegaard (1966), has circumglobal distribution between 40ºN and 40ºS (Morgan et al. 1985) and is represented in the Atlantic Ocean by two rarely collected species, C. monstrosa and C. petiti. Descriptions of both species are based on the larval forms since their adult form remain undescribed (Morgan et al. 1985). Although the larval development of Cerataspis is described by five mysis stages (I-V) (Heegaard 1966), the large larva is very un-mysid like and appears more like that of a megalops with the abdomen bend …

Guide To Understand Brentwood's Land Use Regulations, Brentwood Conservation Commission

PREP Reports & Publications

No abstract provided.

Interactions Between Changing Pco2, N2 Fixation, And Fe Limitation In The Marine Unicellular Cyanobacterium Crocosphaera, Fei-Xue Fu, Margaret R. Mulholland, Nathan S. Garcia, Aaron Beck, Mark E. Warner, Sergio A. Sañudo, David A. Hutchins

OES Faculty Publications

We examined the physiological responses of steady-state iron (Fe)-replete and Fe-limited cultures of the biogeochemically critical marine unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium Crocosphaera at glacial (19 Pa; 190 ppm), current (39 Pa; 380 ppm), and projected year 2100 (76 Pa; 750 ppm) CO₂ levels. Rates of N₂ and CO₂ fixation and growth increased in step with increasing partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), but only under Fe- replete conditions. N₂) and carbon fixation rates at 75 Pa CO₂ were 1.4-1.8-fold and 1.2-2.0-fold higher, respectively, relative to those at present day and glacial pCO_{2 …}

Rates Of Carbonate Dissolution In Permeable Sediments Estimated From Porewater Profiles: The Role Of Sea Grasses, David J. Burdige, Richard C. Zimmerman, Xinping Hu

OES Faculty Publications

In this study we estimate sediment carbonate dissolution rates for sandy sea grass sediments on the Bahamas Bank using an inverse pore-water advection/diffusion/reaction model constrained by field observations. This model accounts for sea grass O₂ input to these sediments, and also parameterizes pore-water advection through these permeable sediments as a nonlocal exchange process. The resulting rates of carbonate dissolution are positively correlated with sea grass density, and are comparable with previous rate estimates for Florida Bay sediments. In contrast, the advective uptake of O₂ by these sediments decreased with increasing sea grass density. This suggests that the competing …

Otolith Chemistry Indicates Population Structuring By The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Julian R. Ashford, Cynthia M. Jones, Eileen E. Hofmann, Inigo Everson, Carlos A. Moreno, Guy Duhamel, Richard Williams

CCPO Publications

Large-scale transport of seawater in ocean currents may generate spatially complex population structure through the advection of life stages of marine fish species. To test this, we compared the chemistry of otolith nuclei from Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides), presently managed as spatially discrete Populations corresponding to fishing management areas along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), which transports water eastward around the Southern Ocean. The chemistry of otolith nuclei, laid down during early life, differed significantly between fishing areas Off South America and the Antarctic and between some Antarctic areas. However, we found significant discrepancies from expectation for a …

Interspecific Interactions In Oyster Reef Communities: The Effect Of Established Fauna On Oyster Larval Recruitment, Brian B. Barnes

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The behaviors of oyster larvae are difficult to monitor or experimentally manipulate, especially in field conditions. As a result, little is known of the fate of oysters in the larval portion of their life cycle, prior to recruitment. At the transition from pelagic larvae to benthic adults, larvae are likely to come into contact with many invertebrates resident on oyster reefs. Of these, fouling epifauna are generally believed to reduce the settlement of interspecific larvae through competitive exclusion and predation. Studies of these interactions, however, often utilize artificial settlement panels, which can exhibit different recruitment patterns to those observed on …

Seagrass Distribution In The Pensacola Bay System, Northwest Florida, Michael A. Lewis, Richard Devereux, Pete Bourgeois

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Aerial surveys of seagrass coverage in the Pensacola Bay system (PBS) have been conducted during 1960, 1980, 1992 and 2003. This report summarizes the results for the 2003 survey and compares the results to those previously reported for other surveys. The estimated coverage of seagrass for the PBS during 2003 was 1,654 ha. Continuous and patchy coverages ranged from 0 to 684 ha and 11 to 543 ha, respectively, for five PBS subsystems. In 2003, the majority of seagrass coverage occurred in Santa Rosa Sound (76%). Declines in total coverage occurred for East Bay (93%) and Escambia Bay (75%) whereas …

Occurrence Of Larval And Juvenile Fish In Mangrove Habitats In The Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Quintana Roo, Mexico, Matthew Campbell, Kim Withers, James Tolan

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Mangrove forests are ubiquitous in low lying coastal areas of tropical and subtropical zones of the world, including the lagoons of the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Mangroves are habitat for juvenile fish of both oceanic and estuarine origin (Vásquez-Yoemans 1992, Vásquez-Yoemans et al. 1992, Laegdsgaard and Johnson 1995). Development of the Caribbean coast of Mexico north and south of the Sian Ka’an Reserve is in large part focused on tourism-related endeavors such as destination resorts, scuba diving and fishing. While some of the development is innocuous, land acquisition for development of resorts has fragmented mangrove habitats in …

Effects Of Shoreline Development And Oyster Reefs On Benthic Communities In Lynnhaven, Virginia, Amanda Sue Lawless

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Shoreline hardening and construction of restoration oyster reefs are occurring at rapid rates throughout Chesapeake Bay and little research has been conducted to determine whether installment of a hardened shoreline and oyster reef placement has an effect on the surrounding benthic infaunal communities. I investigated the effects of shoreline development and oyster reefs on benthic communities in Lynnhaven, Virginia. Throughout Lynnhaven, I determined the effects of shoreline type (natural marsh, oyster reef, rip-rap and bulkhead), sediment grain size, Total Organic Carbon/Total Nitrogen (TOC/TN) of the sediment, and predation (caging study) on density, biomass, and diversity of benthic infauna. An information-theoretic …

Zooplankton Community Structure In A Cyclonic And Mode-Water Eddy In The Sargasso Sea, Bethany Rose Eden

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Recent evidence suggests that mesoscale eddies are an important mechanism for supplying nutrients to the surface waters of oligotrophic gyres. However, little is known about the biological response to these physical perturbations. Because mesozooplankton play a key role in food-web interactions and the flux of carbon and other elements from surface waters, changes in mesozooplankton community structure can affect biogeochemical cycling. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, respectively, we followed the development of a cyclonic eddy and an anti-cyclonic mode-water eddy in the Sargasso Sea. Zooplankton tows were conducted across both eddies using a Multiple Opening and Closing Net …

Stable Isotope Dynamics In Summer Flounder Tissues, With Application To Dietary Assessments In Chesapeake Bay, Andre Buchheister

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Stable isotope techniques were applied to summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, in Chesapeake Bay to elucidate the relative importance of different prey groups on the growth and productivity of this species. Prior to field application, a laboratory diet-shift study was conducted to evaluate methodological assumptions and obtain necessary isotopic parameters. Specifically, the goals of the laboratory study were to 1) determine isotopic turnover rates and fractionations of δ13C and δ15N in liver, whole blood, and white muscle and 2) estimate the relative importance of growth and metabolic processes on isotopic turnover. Groups of captive juvenile summer flounder (130-255mm total length) were …

Intra-Oral Flow Patterns And Speeds In A Suspension-Feeding Fish With Gill Rakers Removed Versus Intact, Jennifer S. Smith, S. Laurie Sanderson

Arts & Sciences Articles

Oreochromis aureus, a species of tilapia, is a suspension-feeding fish that employs a pumping action to bring water into its mouth for filtering.To address questions about water flow inside the mouth, we used a microthermistor flow probe to determine the speed of intra-oral flow during suspension feeding in this species before and after surgical removal of gill rakers. Synchronization with high-speed external videotapes of the fish and high-speed video endoscopy inside the oropharyngeal cavity allowed the first correlation of oral actions with intra-oral flow patterns and speeds during feeding. This analysis established the occurrence of a brief reversal of …

Pioneering Lobster Aquaculture In Rhode Island, Michael Rice

Michael A Rice

No abstract provided.

The Decline And Recovery Of Four Predatory Fishes From The Southern California Bight, Daniel J. Pondella Ii, Larry G. Allen

Daniel Pondella

What to do about fisheries collapse and the decline of large fishes in marine ecosystems is a critical debate on a global scale. To address one aspect of this debate, a major fisheries management action, the removal of gill nets in 1994 from the nearshore arena in the Southern California Bight (34°26′30″N, 120°27′09″W to 33°32′03″N, 117°07′28″W) was analyzed. First, the impetus for the gill net ban was the crash of the commercial fishery for white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis; Sciaenidae) in the early 1980s. From 1982 to 1997 catch remained at a historically low level (47.8 ± 3.0 mt) when compared …