Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
-
- Biomedical Engineering (23)
- Biomechanics (12)
- Biomedical engineering (9)
- Biomedical Research (8)
- Chemical Engineering (7)
-
- Elastin (7)
- Polypeptides (7)
- Tissue engineering (6)
- Chemical engineering (5)
- Mechanical Engineering (5)
- Algae (4)
- Antifreeze proteins (4)
- Biomass energy -- Research (4)
- Bone regeneration (4)
- Brain -- Magnetic resonance imaging (4)
- Engineering (4)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (4)
- Microalgae -- Biotechnology (4)
- Polymers (4)
- Scenedesmus (4)
- Biomass energy (3)
- Diffusion (3)
- Directional solidification (3)
- Electronic books. local (3)
- Heart -- Magnetic resonance imaging (3)
- MRI (3)
- Microelectromechanical systems (3)
- Musculoskeletal system (3)
- Stem cells (3)
- Thermodynamics (3)
Articles 91 - 115 of 115
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Subject Specific Computational Models Of The Knee To Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Bhushan S. Borotikar
Subject Specific Computational Models Of The Knee To Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Bhushan S. Borotikar
ETD Archive
Knee joint is a complex joint involving multiple interactions between cartilage, bone, muscles, ligaments, tendons and neural control. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one ligament in the knee joint that frequently gets injured during various sports or recreational activities. ACL injuries are common in college level and professional athletes especially in females and the injury rate is growing in epidemic proportions despite significant increase in the research focusing on neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs. Most ACL injuries lead to surgical reconstruction followed by a lengthy rehabilitation program impacting the health and performance of the athlete. Furthermore, the athlete is still …
Development Of A Focused Broadband Ultrasonic Transducer For High Resolution Fundamental And Harmonic Intravascular Imaging, Chaitanya K. Chandrana
Development Of A Focused Broadband Ultrasonic Transducer For High Resolution Fundamental And Harmonic Intravascular Imaging, Chaitanya K. Chandrana
ETD Archive
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is increasingly employed for detection and evaluation of coronary artery diseases. Tissue Harmonic Imaging provides different tissue information that could additionally be used to improve diagnostic accuracy. However, current IVUS systems, with their unfocussed transducers, may not be capable of operating in harmonic imaging mode. Thus, there is a need to develop suitable transducers and appropriate techniques to allow imaging in multi modes for complementary diagnostic information. Focused PVDF TrFE transducers were developed using MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems) compatible protocols. The transducers were characterized using pulse-echo techniques and exhibited broad bandwidth (110 at -6dB) with axial resolutions of Such …
Altered Cortico-Cortical Brain Connectivity During Muscle Fatigue, Zhiguo Jiang
Altered Cortico-Cortical Brain Connectivity During Muscle Fatigue, Zhiguo Jiang
ETD Archive
Traditional brain activation studies using neuroimaging such as functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) have shown that muscle fatigue at submaximal intensity level is associated with increased brain activity in various cortical regions from low- to high-order motor centers. However, how these areas might interact remain unclear since previous activation studies related to motor control could not reveal information of between-area interaction. This issue can be addressed by evaluating brain activation data using the framework of connectivity analysis. Three types of brain connectivity, functional connectivity (FC), effective connectivity (EC) and structural connectivity (SC) have been examined to investigate the effect of voluntary …
Imaging Of Tyramine-Substituted Hydrogels For Tissue Replacement, Ediuska V. Laurens
Imaging Of Tyramine-Substituted Hydrogels For Tissue Replacement, Ediuska V. Laurens
ETD Archive
Novel tyramine-based hyaluronan (HA) and collagen hydrogels have been developed in which cross-linking is accomplished via peroxidase-mediated dityramine linkages allowing direct cross-linking in vivo. These TB hydrogels possess advantageous physical properties, which include excellent biocompatibility and the ability to mimic the biological, structural and mechanical properties of normal, healthy tissues, including cartilage, and thus provide for synthetic, implantable biomaterials suitable for a wide range of tissue types. The efficacy of these TB-hydrogels has been previously tested in a number of clinically relevant animal models, which have evaluated their applicability for the repair/replacement of various tissues, including cartilage. Nevertheless, there exists …
Semi-Automatic Segmentation Of Normal Female Pelvic Floor Structures From Magnetic Resonance Images, Xiaolong Li
Semi-Automatic Segmentation Of Normal Female Pelvic Floor Structures From Magnetic Resonance Images, Xiaolong Li
ETD Archive
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are important health issues affecting millions of American women. Investigation of the cause of SUI and POP requires a better understand of the anatomy of female pelvic floor. In addition, pre-surgical planning and individualized treatment plans require development of patient-specific three-dimensional or virtual reality models. The biggest challenge in building those models is to segment pelvic floor structures from magnetic resonance images because of their complex shapes, which make manual segmentation labor-intensive and inaccurate. In this dissertation, a quick and reliable semi-automatic segmentation method based on a shape model is proposed. …
Two Approaches For Cell Retention In Perfusion Culture Systems, Zhaowei Wang
Two Approaches For Cell Retention In Perfusion Culture Systems, Zhaowei Wang
ETD Archive
A lack of efficient, economical, and reliable cell retention devices has limited the application of perfusion culture systems in the biopharmaceutical industry. Two types of cell retention devices were developed in this work for long-term perfusion culture systems: a modification of an inclined gravity settler and a variation of an ultrasonic filter. Both bench-top and large-scale tests showed that the gravity settler can effectively retain viable cells and preferentially remove nonviable cells in perfusion culture systems. The viable cell retention rate can be maintained well above 90 during long-term perfusion culture period while the nonviable cell retention rate is 20-30 …
Cortical Bone Tissue Engineering;Scaffold Design And Cell Selection, Demin Wen
Cortical Bone Tissue Engineering;Scaffold Design And Cell Selection, Demin Wen
ETD Archive
Cortical bone tissue engineering provides a promising approach to generate graft materials needed to treat the large sized bone defects. The underling premise of tissue engineering is to mimic the in vivo microenvironment as best as possible in vitro culture system. To select an appropriate scaffold material used in this model system, mechanical and hydraulic permeability properties of 316L porous stainless steel and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were studied, as well as their biocompatibility in short and long term cell culture. Results showed that scaffolds made of both stainless steel and PMMA: (1) could be manufactured to have similar permeability as that …
Flow Measurements In Turbulent Flow Fields With Magnetic Resonance Phase Velocity Mapping, Navneeth Sagar Reddy Lakkadi
Flow Measurements In Turbulent Flow Fields With Magnetic Resonance Phase Velocity Mapping, Navneeth Sagar Reddy Lakkadi
ETD Archive
Arterial stenosis (narrowing) is due to vascular disease that, if untreated, leads to death. The stenosis causes the development of complex flow which results in high energy losses and great forces between blood and tissue. Traditionally, turbulent flows lead to signal loss in magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisitions, resulting in loss of diagnostic information. With the advancement in MR hardware and software, some of the limitations of MR in turbulent flow fields may have been reduced or eliminated. This study evaluated the potential of MR phase velocity mapping (MRPVM), a clinical velocimetry technique, under turbulent flow conditions such as those …
The Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Elastin-Like Polypeptides Containing An Oligomerization Domain, James T. Cole
The Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Elastin-Like Polypeptides Containing An Oligomerization Domain, James T. Cole
ETD Archive
Elastin like polypeptides (ELPs) are an emerging class of biomaterials due to their unique group of chemical, physical and biological properties. We have constructed a library of ELPs based on the pentapeptide amino acid repeat sequence (GVGVP). ELPs exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition behavior from a soluble phase below the transition temperature (Tt) to an insoluble two phase system above the transition temperature. This process is completely reversible so that ELPs can become soluble again upon lowering the temperature. This temperature can be tuned in many different ways at the molecular level by changing the composition of the …
Slurry Based Coatings On Silicon Based Ceramics, Muralidhar Challarapu
Slurry Based Coatings On Silicon Based Ceramics, Muralidhar Challarapu
ETD Archive
Silicon carbide/silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) composites are the leading candidates for advanced high temperature structural components in gas turbine engine application. When SiC surface reacts with O2, protective SiO2 scales are formed, which are the basis for the corrosion resistance of SiC. Their main draw back in terms of usage in a gas-turbine engine is the volatilization of the protective silica scale because of the water vapor which is a byproduct of fuel combustion. The purpose of this project was to develop environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) based on ceramic powders to provide resistance to such moisture damage. In this thesis slurry-coating …
Characterization Of Changes In Hyaluronan Following Epidermal Barrier Injury In An Organotypic Model, Gati Ajani
Characterization Of Changes In Hyaluronan Following Epidermal Barrier Injury In An Organotypic Model, Gati Ajani
ETD Archive
The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis of skin, provides a functional permeability barrier that is essential for our survival and must be rapidly repaired after injury. Of interest to us, a ubiquitous matrix molecule called hyaluronan (HA) has come to the forefront in wound healing research because it is induced after epidermal injury and may be crucial for barrier repair. This thesis examines the role of HA during recovery from the most fundamental form of skin injury, i.e. selective damage to the stratum corneum. The overall question is whether this form of stratum corneum injury can lead …
Novel Antifreeze Protein Constructs For Improved Activity, Ozge Can
Novel Antifreeze Protein Constructs For Improved Activity, Ozge Can
ETD Archive
Many organisms are exposed to subzero temperatures in nature and can survive these temperatures by the effect of antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which inhibit ice crystal growth and change the morphology of ice crystals. Although the effects of these proteins, such as recrystallization inhibition, ice growth inhibition, and crystal habit changes, are known, a conclusive description of the protein-ice crystal interaction including interaction energy, surface coverage, and lifetime of adsorbate has been elusive. In this study, different antifreeze protein constructs are designed and expressed such that they can be conjugated to polymers to increase the thermal hysteresis activity especially at low …
Fabrication Of Nanostructured Metals And Their Hydrogen Storage Properties, Asli Ertan
Fabrication Of Nanostructured Metals And Their Hydrogen Storage Properties, Asli Ertan
ETD Archive
Searching for new energy sources is highly desirable for the next generations when rapidly changing factors are considered such as population, increasing pollution and exhaustion of fossil fuels. Hence, there is a need for clean, safe and efficient energy carriers or forms of energy that can be transported to the end user. One of these energy carriers is electricity which has been used widely and can be produced from various sources. However, its production from fossil fuels contributes to pollution. On the other hand hydrogen, due to its abundance, light weight, low mass density, high energy density and non-polluting nature …
The Development Of An In Vivo Spinal Fusion Monitor Using Microelectromechanical (Mems) Technology To Create Implantable Microsensors, Lisa Anne Ferrara
The Development Of An In Vivo Spinal Fusion Monitor Using Microelectromechanical (Mems) Technology To Create Implantable Microsensors, Lisa Anne Ferrara
ETD Archive
Surgical fusion of the spine is a conventional approach, and often last alternative, to the correction of a degenerative painful spinal segment. The procedure involves the surgical removal of the intervertebral disc at the problematic site, and the placement of a bone graft that is commonly harvested from the patients iliac crest and placed within the discectomized space. The surrounding bone is expected to incorporate and remodel into the bone graft to eventually provide an immobilized site. Spinal instrumentation often accompanies the bone graft to provide further immobility to the targeted site, thus augmenting the fusion process. However, the status …
Relationship Between Arch Height And Midfoot Joint Pressures During Gait, Dong Gil Lee
Relationship Between Arch Height And Midfoot Joint Pressures During Gait, Dong Gil Lee
ETD Archive
A foot arch is a multi-segmented curved structure which acts as a spring during locomotion. It is well known that ligaments are important components contributing to this spring-like property of the arch. In addition, intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles contribute to arch support. According to the windlass foot model, arch height and midfoot joint orientation change during gait. However, it is not known whether altered joint configurations result in increased joint stress during gait. If so, it is possible for there to be a "vicious cycle" in which joint stress increases as the arch height diminishes, which may then lead …
Mems (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems) Based Microfluidic Platforms For Magnetic Cell Separation, Pulak Nath
Mems (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems) Based Microfluidic Platforms For Magnetic Cell Separation, Pulak Nath
ETD Archive
Microfluidic platforms for magnetic cell separation were developed and investigated for isolation of magnetic particles and magnetically tagged cells from a fluidic sample. Two types of magnetic separation platforms were considered: an Isodynamic Open Gradient Magnetic Sorter (OGMS) and a multistage bio-ferrograph. Miniaturized magnets were designed using magnetostatic simulation software, microfluidic channels were fabricated using microfabrication technology and magnetic separation was investigated using video microscopy and digital image processing. The isodynamic OGMS consisted of an external magnetic circuit and a microfabricated channel (biochip) with embedded magnetic elements. The biochip is placed inside the magnetic field of the external circuit to …
A Novel Cardiac Pacing Paradigm For Atrial Fibrillation And Heart Failure Patients, George Emanuel Yanulis
A Novel Cardiac Pacing Paradigm For Atrial Fibrillation And Heart Failure Patients, George Emanuel Yanulis
ETD Archive
It has been estimated that 4.6 million persons have heart failure, and 400,000 to 700,000 new cases develop each year and the U.S. Hospital discharges for HF rose from 399,000 in 1979 to 1,099,000 in 2004 according to the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the United States. Recent studies have demonstrated that ventricular rate control is a viable treatment strategy for patients in atrial fibrillation. In a number of cases, despite the electrical resynchronization of the ventricles using biventricular pacing (cardiac resynchronization therapy), heart failure patients in sinus rhythm do not …
Bio-Signal Analysis In Fatigue And Cancer Related Fatigue;Weakening Of Corticomuscular Functional Coupling, Qi Yang
ETD Archive
Fatigue is a common experience that reduces productivity and increases chance of injury, and has been reported as one of most common symptoms with greatest impact on quality-of-life parameters in cancer patients. Neural mechanisms behind fatigue and cancer related fatigue (CRF) are not well known. Recent research has shown dissociation between changes in brain and muscle signals during voluntary muscle fatigue, which may suggest weakening of functional corticomuscular coupling (fCMC). However, this weakening of brain-muscle coupling has never been directly evaluated. More important information could be gained if fCMC is directly detected during fatigue because a voluntary muscle contraction depends …
Biocompatibility Of Osteoblast Cells On Titanium Implants, Dilip Ayyala Somayajula
Biocompatibility Of Osteoblast Cells On Titanium Implants, Dilip Ayyala Somayajula
ETD Archive
Adhesion and proliferation of UMR 106-01 osteoblast cells were studied on various surface modified titanium materials such as polished, sandblasted, anodized and alkaline treated. Anodization of polished surface in Hydrofluoric acid developed nano-tubes, while NaOH treatment produced spongy microporous morphology. Test samples were coated with non-adhesive protein bovine serum albumin and compared with fibronectin coated specimens. The adhesion study lasted for 4 hrs, where osteoblast cells were cultured in serum free medium. Polished titanium, anodized titanium and NaOH titanium have shown similar percentages of cell adherence. The proliferation study lasted for 48 hrs, where cells were initially allowed to adhere …
Slurry Based Coatings On Silicon Based Ceramics, Sameer K. Khaja-Abdul
Slurry Based Coatings On Silicon Based Ceramics, Sameer K. Khaja-Abdul
ETD Archive
The use of advanced structural ceramics, such as Si3N4 (SN282), SiC, and SiC/SiC composites, is a promising technology to accomplish the high performance goals for advanced turbine applications. These materials exhibit excellent corrosion resistance by forming a dense silica scale. However, severe degradation of the silica scale has been observed due to the presence of certain environmental species, like alkali salts and water vapors, limiting the long-term reliability of structural ceramics. Presence of water vapor in the turbine environment leads to the formation of a gaseous silicon hydroxide species (Si(OH)4) via a reaction with silica layer, SiO2(s) + 2H2O(g) = …
Nonlinear State Estimation In Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, Uma Tumuluri
Nonlinear State Estimation In Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, Uma Tumuluri
ETD Archive
Research on alternative and renewable energy sources which are amicable to the environment has gained momentum because of the growing concern about the tremendous increase in the concentration of toxic and green house gases and scarcity of the fossil fuels. Among the available renewable sources, fuel cell technology has received a high research attention due to their high efficiency and superior reliability. Among the various fuel cells available, Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is promising source for both stationary and mobile applications because of its high efficiency and low operating temperatures. The performance of the fuel cell depends on the …
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Dermal Stresses And Foot Ground Stresses In Diabetic Patients, Zaid M. Hasasneh
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Dermal Stresses And Foot Ground Stresses In Diabetic Patients, Zaid M. Hasasneh
ETD Archive
The number of people diagnosed with diabetes in the U.S. has been showing a large increase. It has more than doubled during the period of 1980 to 2002. Approximately 18 million Americans have diabetes today with more than 5.2 million undiagnosed cases. While diabetes is categorized as an endocrine system disorder, some of its known complications are associated to the science of biomechanics. Foot ulcers are caused by vascular deterioration due to diabetes, but also directly related to the natural mechanical forces and loads applied to the feet. Therefore, studying these forces, their locations, distribution and their stresses may be …
Mathematical Model Of Ethanol Metabolism In Liver, Parag Pande
Mathematical Model Of Ethanol Metabolism In Liver, Parag Pande
ETD Archive
A lumped mathematical model of liver metabolism is presented to analyze the effect of ethanol on metabolic processes of 24 hr fasted rats. The model is developed in two parts. In the first part individual kinetic models for important regulatory steps in the liver metabolic pathways are developed and in second part transport and mass balance equations in the two well mixed domains: tissue and blood, are developed to calculate intermediate metabolite concentrations and fluxes in response to the changes in ethanol and lactate concentrations in the perfusion medium. Part of the model without ethanol metabolism has been validated and …
Development And Modeling Of High Temperature Polymeric Heater, Maziyar Bolourchi
Development And Modeling Of High Temperature Polymeric Heater, Maziyar Bolourchi
ETD Archive
Polymers are generally known for their excellent insulative properties. The addition of carbonaceous fillers such as carbon black and graphite within a polymer matrix can impart electrical and thermal properties making them good conductors. The resulting composites can be used in applications requiring and/or ranging from electromagnetic and radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) shielding, electrostatic discharge (ESD) and heaters/heating elements to which metals have been the materials of choice. The advantages of using such composites include cost reduction, part consolidation, chemical resistance, lighter weight, and ability to easily design into complex three dimensional shapes via injection molding. For this work, various …
Studying The Interaction Of Antifreeze Proteins (Type I And Type Iii) With The Phospholipid Monolayers At Air/Water Interface, Suresh Essampally
Studying The Interaction Of Antifreeze Proteins (Type I And Type Iii) With The Phospholipid Monolayers At Air/Water Interface, Suresh Essampally
ETD Archive
Heart transplantation is a successful therapeutic procedure for the patients with end stage heart disease. Various preservative techniques have been developed to increase the shelf life of organs, but still there can be tissue damage during cold storage. One mechanism leading to damage is disruption of cell plasma membranes as they pass through temperature induced phase transitions. The addition of antifreeze protein (AFP) or glycoprotein (AFGP) to storage solutions has been hypothesized to reduce the leakiness of lipid membranes. From studies using liposomes it has been shown that AFPs can prevent leakage through lipid membranes, although the mechanism of interaction …