Education Commons^™

Population Growth And Change: Implications For Australia's Cities And Regions, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Neil Argent

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Australia's distinctive pattern of settlement has long presented a suite of social, economic, infrastructural, and environmental challenges for the nation's cities and regions. These challenges will be intensified by the population growth and dynamics anticipated in the 2010 Intergenerational Report. Future growth will inevitably have differential impacts for metropolitan, regional, and rural settlements, and for inland and coastal regions. This paper analyses current trends and likely directions in population change and distribution and the major implications for the nation's metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. For Australia's cities, core issues include: access to affordable housing, suitable employment, infrastructure, and services; managing growth …

Governing Social Reproduction In Masterplanned Estates: Urban Politics And Everyday Life In Sydney, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Robyn Dowling

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Critical urban research arising from the 'new urban politics' rich heritage has conventionally privileged the politics of accumulation and the city's downtown over the politics of social reproduction and everyday, residential spaces. This paper focuses on residential spaces and the politics involved in recasting everyday practices of social reproduction through private neighbourhood governance. Focusing on the masterplanned estates increasingly prevalent across Sydney's residential landscape, it explores the material practices and subjectivities shaped by these estates' contractual governance and the contours and limits to the formation of self-governing middle-class consumer citizens. The paper highlights a granular fabric to urban politics produced …

Sound Diaries: A Method Of Listening To Place, Michelle Duffy, Gordon R. Waitt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper develops a methodology for understanding how relations between people and place are co-constituted through music and sounds. Using the case of Four Winds Festival Bermagui, New South Wales, the paper discusses our use of "sound diaries" as a means to better understand the role of sound in participants' understanding of place. Highlighted within our discussion is how our experimental methodology overcomes some of the inherent problems of researching so-called "sound geographies." Sound diaries provide a possible technique to provide partical insights into the embodied knowledge triggered by sounds and music. Woven within these personal interpretations and their attributed …

Parent-School Engagement: Exploring The Concept Of 'Invisible' Indigenous Parents In Three North Australian School Communities, Richard D. Chenhall, Catherine Holmes, Tess Lea, Kate Senior, Aggie Wegner

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This report explores school-­‐parent engagement in three town-­‐based schools in the Northern Territory of Australia. Undertaken over a three year period between 2008 and 2010, the research team worked in partnership with The Smith Family and participating schools— Karama Primary School in Darwin; Moulden Park Primary School in Palmerston; and MacFarlane Primary School in Katherine-to explore what parents have to say about the schools that their Indigenous children attend and about education more broadly.

The research applied an exploratory case study approach using a mix of ethnographic and interview techniques. We observed children, parents and school environments; interviewed parents, teachers, …

Local Jekyll And Global Hyde: The Dual Identity Of Face Identification, Sebastien R. Miellet, Roberto Caldara, Philippe Schyns

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The main concern in face-processing research is to understand the processes underlying the identification of faces. In the study reported here, we addressed this issue by examining whether local or global information supports face identification. We developed a new methodology called "iHybrid." This technique combines two famous identities in a gaze-contingent paradigm, which simultaneously provides local, foveated information from one face and global, complementary information from a second face. Behavioral face-identification performance and eye-tracking data showed that the visual system identified faces on the basis of either local or global information depending on the location of the observer's first fixation. …

Continued High Risk Sexual Behavior Following Diagnosis With Acute Hiv Infection In South Africa And Malawi: Implications For Prevention, Audrey Pettifor, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Amy Corneli, Jabu Sibeko, Gift Kamanga, Nora Rosenberg, William Miller, Irving Hoffman, Helen Rees, Myron Cohen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Understanding sexual behavior following diagnosis of acute HIV infection (AHI) is key to developing prevention programs targeting individuals diagnosed with AHI. We conducted separate qualitative and quantitative interviews with individuals newly diagnosed (n = 19) with AHI at 1-, 4- and 12-weeks post-diagnosis and one qualitative interview with individuals who had previously been diagnosed with AHI (n = 18) in Lilongwe, Malawi and Johannesburg, South Africa between October 2007 and June 2008. The majority of participants reported engaging in sexual activity following diagnosis with AHI with a significant minority reporting unprotected sex during this time. Most participants perceived to have …

A Tale Of Two Countries: Rethinking Sexual Risk For Hiv Among Young People In South Africa And The United States, Audrey Pettifor, Brooke Levandowski, Catherine L. Mac Phail, William Miller, Joyce Tabor, Carol Ford, Cheryl Stein, Helen Rees, Myron Cohen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose

To compare the sexual behaviors of young people in South Africa (SA) and the United States (US) with the aim to better understand the potential role of sexual behavior in HIV transmission in these two countries that have strikingly different HIV epidemics.

Methods

Nationally representative, population-based surveys of young people aged 18–24 years from SA (n = 7,548) and the US (n = 13,451) were used for the present study.

Results

The prevalence of HIV was 10.2% in SA and <1% in the US. Young women and men in the US reported an earlier age of first sex than those in SA (mean age of coital debut for women: US [16.5], SA [17.4]; for men: US [16.4], SA [16.7]). The median number of lifetime partners is higher in the US than in SA: women: US (4), SA (2); men: US (4), SA (3). The use of condom at last sex is reported to be lower in the US than in SA: women: US (36.1%), SA (45.4%); men: US (48%), SA (58%). On average, young women in SA report greater age differences with their sex partners than young women in the US.

Conclusion

Young people in the US report riskier sexual behaviors than young people in SA, despite the much higher …

Feasibility And Acceptability Of Sexual Abstinence For Interruption Of Hiv Transmission Among Individuals With Acute Hiv Infection - Formative Data From Chavi 011, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Audrey Pettifor, Amy Corneli

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Social Experience Does Not Abolish Cultural Diversity In Eye Movements, David J. Kelly, Rachael Jack, Sebastien R. Miellet, Emanuele De, Kay Foreman, Roberto Caldara

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Adults from Eastern (e.g., China) and Western (e.g., USA) cultural groups display pronounced differences in a range of visual processing tasks. For example, the eye movement strategies used for information extraction during a variety of face processing tasks (e.g., identification and facial expressions of emotion categorization) differs across cultural groups. Currently, many of the differences reported in previous studies have asserted that culture itself is responsible for shaping the way we process visual information, yet this has never been directly investigated. In the current study, we assessed the relative contribution of genetic and cultural factors by testing face processing in …

Dairy Constituents And Neurocognitive Health In Ageing, David A. Camfield, Lauren Owen, Andrew Scholey, Andrew Pipingas, Con Stough

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) and dementia are of increasing concern to an ageing population. In recent years, there has been considerable research focused on effective dietary interventions that may prevent or ameliorate ARCD and dementia. While a number of studies have considered the impact that dairy products may have on physiological health, particularly with regard to the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular health, further research is currently needed in order to establish the impact that dairy products have in the promotion of healthy brain function during ageing. The present review considers the available evidence for the positive effects of dairy products …

Research Round-Up 1981-2011, Anne Cusick

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Closing keynote address from the Occupational Therapy Australia 24th National Conference and Exhibition, 29 June - 1 July 2011, Gold Coast, Australia

The Future Of Geography In English Universities, Noel Castree

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Geography in England is one of many university subjects that will be significantly restructured - with almost immediate effect - because of powerful external drivers altering research and teaching. In this commentary I want to speculate on the likely changes ahead, and to consider how university-based geographers in England might respond to them. Given the considerable international influence that geographers in England exert within the wider subject, this commentary ought to interest those working in other countries. Notwithstanding the perils of futurology, I consider some possible scenarios in the midst of a formative moment for higher education in the UK's …

Phon: Free Software For Phonological Transcription And Analysis, Heather Buchan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Software review - Phon is an open-source program for the transcription and analysis of phonological and phonetic data. It was designed to help systematize research in children’s phonological development, but many functions in Phon, particularly the powerful search function, can be used for a wide range of investigations in phonetics and phonology. Phon is compatible with other language processing programs and is not just limited to English, making it a useful tool for documenting and analyzing the phonological system of any spoken language.

Sydney Multisite Intervention Of Laughterbosses And Elderclowns (Smile): Results From A Clustered Randomised Controlled Trial, Lee-Fay Low, Henry Brodaty, Anne-Nicole Casey, Belinda Goodenough, Peter Spitzer, J Bell, Lynn Chenoweth, Richard Fleming

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract from the International Psychogeriatric Association Reinventing Aging through Innovation 15th International Congress, 6-9 September 2011, The Hague, Netherlands.

It’S Time For Ronald Mcdonald To Hang Up The Red Wig, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

More than 550 international health professionals and organisations have signed a letter to McDonald’s calling for the Ronald McDonald icon to be shelved.

Scaremongering On Today Tonight: The Truth About Wireless Radiation Risks, Rodney J. Croft

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In a recent episode of Channel Seven’s current affairs program Today Tonight, it was claimed that wireless devices in the home – such as cordless phones and routers – can cause a range of negative health effects, including: insomnia, depression, migraines and even cancer. These claims don’t bear scrutiny.

Don’T Panic, Mobile Phones Are Still Only As Carcinogenic As Pickles, Rodney J. Croft

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The World Health Organisation’s cancer agency, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), has classed mobile phones as Group 2B or “possibly carcinogenic” in a new report. In this Q+A Rodney Croft, Professor of Health Physiology at University of Wollongong, explains why we don’t need to panic.

Does Religious Faith Make People Healthier And Happier?, Natascha Klocker, Brigid Trenerry, Kim Webster

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

As immigrants from around the world have joined Australia’s cultural mix, an inevitable rise in religious diversity has followed. But has this made for a healthier society? A recent VicHealth study showed that while religion can protect against illness, religious discrimination can harm health. This has led to a renewed call to embrace and respect religious diversity.

The Promise And Potential Of Botulinum Toxin-A: National Survey Of Therapy Practices, Bianca Kinnear, N Lannin, Anne Cusick

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract from the 22nd Stroke Society of Australasia Annual Scientific Meeting, 14-16 September 2011, Adelaide, Australia.

Fast Food Loses Tick But Can The Heart Foundation Regain Its Credibility?, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Heart Foundation today announced plans to dump its tick from takeaway foods, citing unfair advantage for companies such as McDonalds over small takeaway outlets that can’t afford the accreditation fees. The tick will still be available to supermarket food manufacturers. So what does the tick actually mean? And does it improve consumer decisions? Professor Sandra Jones, the Director of the Centre for Health Initiatives at the University of Wollongong, explains: The Heart Foundation tick is perceived by consumers to mean a product is healthy. But it’s more complicated than that. The tick means a product is healthier than other …

The Type And Prevalence Of Activities Performed By Australian Children During The Lunchtime And After School Periods, Rebecca M. Stanley, Kate Ridley, Timothy Olds

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the most prevalent reported activities performed by Australian children during the lunchtime and after school periods; and estimate the mean duration of a typical bout of the most prevalent activities performed during the lunchtime and after school periods. Design: This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Method: Use of time data were collected from Australian children aged 10.0-13.9 years (n = 794) using the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (MARCA). The most prevalent self-reported activities for the lunchtime …

The Early Years And Later Development: Evidence And Social Policy, Edward Melhuish

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Keynote address at the Growing Up in Ireland Annual Research Conference, 1 December 2011, Dublin, Ireland

Early Years Research And Policy, Edward Melhuish

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Presentation made at The 9th Meeting of the OECD Network on Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) - "Family and Community Engagement", 4-5 July 2011, Paris, France.

Early Years Research And Implications For Policymaking: The Uk Experience, Edward Melhuish

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Why should we focus on the early years? One reason is the accumulation of evidence that indicates that the child's experience in the early years has profound consequences for later life. There are now many studies that present a consistent picture indicating that adversity in early life, such as frequently accompanies child poverty, is linked to: poor adult mental and physical health , adult mortality, anti‐social and criminal behaviour, substance abuse and poor literacy and academic achievement.

Teacher Knowledge Activated In The Context Of Designing Problems, Barbara Butterfield, Mohan Chinnappan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The investigation of teachers' knowledge that informs practice in the mathematics classroom is an important area for research. This issue is addressed in our larger research program which is aimed at characterising the complexity and multi-dimensionality of this knowledge. A report on an earlier phase of this program (Butterfield & Chinnappan, 2010) showed that pre-service teachers tended to activate more common content knowledge than content that is required for teaching. We build on this previous work by examining the kinds of knowledge that a cohort of pre-service teachers activated in the context of designing a learning task.

Understanding The Behaviour Of The Target Market: What Do Adolescents Think About When Asked Questions About Their Behaviour In The Sun?, Melinda Williams, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We undertook a project to develop a psychometrically sound instrument measuring adolescent sun-related behavior for use in the evaluation of a social marketing program. During the preliminary stages, we conducted a pilot study to test the face validity of the instrument with adolescents. Think-aloud sessions were completed with 24 adolescents. Results identified gaps in our understanding of adolescent sun-related behavior. Adolescents interpreted 'tanning' as specifically lying at the beach in the sun, however also reported behaviours to 'get a bit of sun', suggesting adolescents and researchers have different interpretations of key terms. The study highlights that use of the think-aloud …

Increasing Awareness Of Sun Protection Among Australian Adolescents: Results Of A Community-Based Intervention, Sandra C. Jones, Melinda Williams, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Adolescent Sun Protection: An Examination Of The Prevalence Of Uv Exposure Indicators Among Brand Loyalty Segments, Melinda Williams, Sandra C. Jones, Donald C. Iverson, Peter Caputi

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Attention-Induced Deactivations In Very Low Frequency Eeg Oscillations: Differential Localisation According To Adhd Symptom Status, Samantha J. Broyd, Suzannah K. Helps, Edmund J.S Sonuga-Barke

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The default-mode network (DMN) is characterised by coherent very low frequency (VLF) brain oscillations. The cognitive significance of this VLF profile remains unclear, partly because of the temporally constrained nature of the blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal. Previously we have identified a VLF EEG network of scalp locations that shares many features of the DMN. Here we explore the intracranial sources of VLF EEG and examine their overlap with the DMN in adults with high and low ADHD ratings. Methodology/Principal Findings: DC-EEG was recorded using an equidistant 66 channel electrode montage in 25 adult participants with high- and 25 …

Combining The Health Belief Model And Social Marketing To Develop A Community-Level Campaign About Asthma For Older Adults, Uwana Evers, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This conceptual paper provides a rationale for combining health behaviour theory with a social marketing framework in order to develop a community-level asthma campaign for adults aged 55 years and older. The prevalence of asthma in older adults in Australia is approximately 10%, higher than in many other countries, and asthma mortality increases with age. In addition, older adults' perceptions of asthma causes and treatments are often inaccurate. Many older adults believe that asthma is a childhood disease and that the effects of the condition are relatively minor and would not impact on daily life. In order to address these …