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Articles 61 - 90 of 691
Full-Text Articles in History
Very Noble Suppers: Agriculture And Foodways In Late Colonial Falmouth, Charles P.M. Outwin
Very Noble Suppers: Agriculture And Foodways In Late Colonial Falmouth, Charles P.M. Outwin
Maine History
During the American colonial period, Falmouth Neck (now Portland), Maine began its progression from a small fishing village to a vibrant hub of the region’s agriculture and trade. In this article, the author explains various aspects of this progression, particularly through a description of the ways food in the region made its way from farm (or ocean) to table. The author earned an MA in liberal studies from Wesleyan University in 1991 and a PhD in history from the University of Maine in 2009, writing a dissertation on the history of Falmouth from 1760-1775. He has published numerous works, including …
Maine’S Contested Waterfront: The Project To Remake Sebago Lake’S Lower Bay, 1906-1930, David B. Cohen
Maine’S Contested Waterfront: The Project To Remake Sebago Lake’S Lower Bay, 1906-1930, David B. Cohen
Maine History
Throughout the nation’s history, few resources have been considered as ubiquitous as water. The issue of who controls the use of water, however, has seldom been straight forward. This was no less true in the Progressive Era, when many growing urban areas significantly altered their water infrastructure to meet increased demands. When debate arose over water use, these municipalities often relied on the relatively new authority of scientific knowledge, particularly in the area of public health and safety. In this article, the author describes how the Portland Water District was able to conserve Sebago Lake’s Lower Bay as a clean, …
Elijah Lovejoy’S Oration On The Fiftieth Anniversary Of American Independence: An Essay Discovered, William G. Chrystal
Elijah Lovejoy’S Oration On The Fiftieth Anniversary Of American Independence: An Essay Discovered, William G. Chrystal
Maine History
On July 4, 1826, the American republic celebrated its fiftieth anniversary with great fanfare. In this research note, the author provides a transcript of an oration delivered in China, Maine on that day. The speaker was local schoolmaster Elijah P. Lovejoy, better known for his tragic death eleven years later. By then an abolitionist newspaper editor in Alton, Illinois, Lovejoy was killed in 1837 by a pro-slavery mob. Lovejoy’s 1826 oration, then, serves as both a compelling look at the celebration of America’s Jubilee in rural Maine and an early example of the ideological convictions which led Lovejoy to abolitionism. …
Radical Teaching: Scott And Helen Nearing’S Impact On Maine’S Natural Food Revival, Erik Gray
Radical Teaching: Scott And Helen Nearing’S Impact On Maine’S Natural Food Revival, Erik Gray
Maine History
Though today sustainable living and locally-sourced food receive increased attention nationwide, these ideas have been important in Maine for several decades. A key part of the state’s agricultural history is a tradition of self-sustaining homesteads. While subsistence farming and self-sufficiency was often a necessity on Maine’s northeastern frontier, homesteading has remained a lifestyle chosen by many of the state’s residents to this day. In this article, the author discusses the legacy of Scott and Helen Nearing, focusing particularly on the couple’s contributions to the “back to the land” movement in Maine and beyond. The author earned a B.A. in History …
Sheridan In The Shenandoah: The Civil War Memoir Of Levi H. Winslow, Twelfth Maine Infantry Regiment Of Volunteers, David Mitros
Sheridan In The Shenandoah: The Civil War Memoir Of Levi H. Winslow, Twelfth Maine Infantry Regiment Of Volunteers, David Mitros
Maine History
David Mitros is archivist emeritus, Morris County Heritage Commission, Morristown, New Jersey. Currently living in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, he continues his writing and research as a part-time local history project consultant. He received a bachelor’s degree from Montclair State University and a master’s degree from California State University, Dominguez Hills. He received the Roger McDonough Librarianship Award from New Jersey Studies Academic Alliance in 2009. He is the author of four books, including one on the Civil War, Gone to Wear the Victor’s Crown: Morris County, New Jersey and the Civil War, A Documentary Account (1998).
Benevolent Chaos: Nurse Harriet Eaton’S Relief War For Maine, Jane E. Schultz
Benevolent Chaos: Nurse Harriet Eaton’S Relief War For Maine, Jane E. Schultz
Maine History
Harriet Eaton, Portland citizen and Civil War nurse, kept a daily journal of two tours of duty with Maine regiments in the Army of the Potomac. The journal reveals the mistrust that local aid organization workers had regarding the sweeping benevolent objectives of the U.S. Sanitary Commission. The Maine Camp Hospital Association, a local aid society established in Portland in 1862, resisted absorption by the Maine State Relief Agency early in the war, but, in time, the two groups came to cooperate effectively with one another, despite Eaton’s continuing critique of the efficacy of federal benevolence. Jane E. Schultz is …
Contested Memory: John Badger Bachelder, The Maine Gettysburg Commission, And Hallowed Ground, Crompton Burton
Contested Memory: John Badger Bachelder, The Maine Gettysburg Commission, And Hallowed Ground, Crompton Burton
Maine History
In the grim aftermath of the Battle of Gettysburg, John Badger Bachelder, a young artist from New Hampshire, arrived on the field with a master plan to become the preeminent historian of the battle. However, Bachelder quickly learned he could not monopolize the memorializing of those who gave all for the Union. For the next thirty-one years, his vision for remembrance would, by necessity, become a shared one with veterans who were emotionally invested in the preservation of the hallowed ground. The consequence of this collaboration was a uniquely American approach to commemoration in which individual states formed commissions to …
“What The Women Of Maine Have Done”: Women’S Wartime Work And Postwar Activism, 1860-1875, Lisa Marie Rude
“What The Women Of Maine Have Done”: Women’S Wartime Work And Postwar Activism, 1860-1875, Lisa Marie Rude
Maine History
Maine women had been active in reform movements during the antebellum era. They joined mother’s associations, temperance groups, abolitionist societies, and woman suffrage organizations. Although the Civil War did not create activists, it did strengthen them, while opening the door for other women to become activists. The war provided an unprecedented opportunity for the women of Maine to be actors in the public sphere. Postwar women’s movements in Maine were therefore fueled by their agency on the home front during the war. The author is currently a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Maine, working under the supervision of Dr. …
Dependent Parents’ Pension Claim For A Killed Maine Soldier: The Case Of Emeline And William Merrill, 1880-1887, James A. Christian M.D.
Dependent Parents’ Pension Claim For A Killed Maine Soldier: The Case Of Emeline And William Merrill, 1880-1887, James A. Christian M.D.
Maine History
Dr. James A. Christian is a practicing internal medicine physician. He holds an undergraduate degree from Harvard College and a M.D. degree from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. For the past fifteen years, Dr. Christian has served as a lead physician in a medical group that provides staffing for Federal Occupational Health Clinics in the metropolitan Washington, D.C., area. He resides in Silver Spring, Maryland. Dr. Christian has a particular interest in how new historical scholarship can help in more accurately understanding and appreciating the pervasive suffering that accompanied the Civil War.
Standing Firm: Maine’S Delegation To Congress During The Secession Crisis Of 1860-1861, Jerry R. Desmond
Standing Firm: Maine’S Delegation To Congress During The Secession Crisis Of 1860-1861, Jerry R. Desmond
Maine History
In the years leading up to the Civil War, many Americans in both the North and the South considered it inevitable that a war between the sections would occur. Historians have debated this idea ever since. Could the war have been avoided? Was a compromise between the sections of the country possible? In this article, the author examines the role played by Maine’s congressional delegation in resisting compromise during the Great Secession Winter of 1860-1861. The author is a graduate of the University of Maine, with master’s degrees in education (1979) and Arts (History-1991). He served as the lead consulting …
“We Respect The Flag But….”: Opposition To The Civil War In Down East Maine, Timothy F. Garrity
“We Respect The Flag But….”: Opposition To The Civil War In Down East Maine, Timothy F. Garrity
Maine History
Although Maine is commonly remembered as one of the states most supportive of the Union during the Civil War, many of its citizens were implacably opposed to the conflict, and they voiced their opposition loudly and persistently from the war’s beginning until its end. Others weighed in on the topic more quietly but just as forcefully when they refused to enlist and evaded conscription by any effective means. While many studies have explored the history of Copperheadism and associated the political movement with populations that were urban, immigrant, and Catholic, there has been almost no prior investigation of Down East …
Charles Minor’S Cashbook And The Diary Of E.P. Harmon, A Maine Soldier In The Overland Campaign, Spring 1864, Aaron D. Purcell
Charles Minor’S Cashbook And The Diary Of E.P. Harmon, A Maine Soldier In The Overland Campaign, Spring 1864, Aaron D. Purcell
Maine History
On May 25, 1864, the soldiers of Company E, Fifth Maine Volunteers, destroyed the railroad tracks and property of the Virginia Central Railroad near the small depot in Hewlett’s Station, Virginia, just north of Richmond. Union soldiers procured a travel trunk that belonged to Confederate Captain Charles L.C. Minor. It contained items such as clothes, personal belongings, and a cashbook of financial records. The cashbook (a pocket-sized ledger book measuring 5.5 x 7.5 inches) included details of Minor’s financial transactions from 1860 to 1863.
A Child Of The Atlantic: The Maine Years Of John Brown Russwurm, Carl Patrick Burrowes
A Child Of The Atlantic: The Maine Years Of John Brown Russwurm, Carl Patrick Burrowes
Maine History
Celebrated in life as co-founder of America’s first black newspaper, John Brown Russwurm was the embodiment of an Atlantic Creole. Born in Jamaica to a white American father and a black Jamaican mother, as a young man Russwurm moved to North America. Throughout his teens and twenties, his “home” was southern Maine, and he was given a good secondary education there. After finishing school, Russwurm taught in several black schools in Philadelphia, New York City, and Boston. It was in these cities that he came into contact with America’s free black leaders, some of whom supported the movement to colonize …
A Man Of Many: Mainer Frank Lowell And White-Native Marriages In Territorial Alaska, Sandy Brue
A Man Of Many: Mainer Frank Lowell And White-Native Marriages In Territorial Alaska, Sandy Brue
Maine History
Born into a well-known and influential New England family, Frank Lowell left his home in Maine and moved to Alaska soon after the territory was purchased by the United States in 1867. His upbringing in a shipbuilding and seafaring family from Maine prepared Frank well for his new life. His life in sparsely-settled Alaska was quite different, though, from his old life in coastal Maine. During his more than fifty years in Alaska, Frank married three Native women and fathered fifteen children. There were practical reasons for Frank to form such unions, but it also demonstrates that racial boundaries were …
Journal Cover And Toc, Maine Historical Society
Journal Cover And Toc, Maine Historical Society
Maine History
Cover, Editors and Editorial Board, Table of Contents with authors' names
The Transformative Power Of Work: The Early Life Of Senator Margaret Chase Smith, Jeannette W. Cockroft
The Transformative Power Of Work: The Early Life Of Senator Margaret Chase Smith, Jeannette W. Cockroft
Maine History
Contrary to the conventional narrative of Margaret Chase Smith’s life, her public career did not begin with her 1930 marriage to politician Clyde H. Smith. By the time of that marriage, she was already an experienced political leader and an accomplished professional. Her transformation from an uneducated, working-class girl to an ambitious, upwardly mobile, middle-class woman was the result of her employment at the local newspaper, the Somerset County Independent-Reporter, and her subsequent involvement in the Business and Professional Women’s Club. The author received her Ph.D. in history from Texas A&M University and is an associate professor of history …
Glimpses Into The Life Of A Maine Reformer: Elizabeth Upham Yates, Missionary And Woman Suffragist, Shannon M. Risk
Glimpses Into The Life Of A Maine Reformer: Elizabeth Upham Yates, Missionary And Woman Suffragist, Shannon M. Risk
Maine History
Raised in a religious family in Bristol, Elizabeth Upham Yates spent much of her adult life as a reformer. While in her twenties, Yates spent six years in China serving as a Methodist missionary trying to spread the gospel and Western culture. Upon returning to the United States she became involved in two domestic reform movements, temperance and women’s suffrage. She was active in the women’s suffrage movement from the 1890s until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 and ran for lieutenant governor of Rhode Island in the election of 1920. Yates was never a nationally renowned figure …
Ambassador To Norway, Historian Of Bethel: The Career Of Margaret Joy Tibbetts, Andy Deroche
Ambassador To Norway, Historian Of Bethel: The Career Of Margaret Joy Tibbetts, Andy Deroche
Maine History
Margaret Tibbetts grew up in Bethel, graduated from Gould Academy, and later earned a Ph.D. from Bryn Mawr. As a career Foreign Service officer, she served in Europe and Africa in a variety of positions until being named U.S. ambassador to Norway in 1964. Her work as one of the first female ambassadors set the stage for future women to play even bigger roles in U.S. foreign relations. The author grew up in Hanover, Maine, and attended Rumford High School. Majoring in history, he earned a B.A. from Princeton University, an M.A. from the University of Maine, and a Ph.D. …
Seeing Beyond The Frontier: Maine Borders, The Borderlands, And American History, Sasha Mullally
Seeing Beyond The Frontier: Maine Borders, The Borderlands, And American History, Sasha Mullally
Maine History
Sasha Mullally is an associate professor of History at the University of New Brunswick. She is the author of the forthcoming book Unpacking the Black Bag: Country Doctor Stories from the Maritimes and Northern New England, 1900-1950, which will be published by the University of Toronto Press.
“Yankees” And “Bluenosers” At The Races: Harness Racing, Group Identity, And The Creation Of A Maine-New Brunswick Sporting Region, 1870-1930, Leah Grandy
Maine History
Borders, divisions, and connections can be physical or intellectual, and the borders and regions created by the sport of harness racing were large and small, geographical and social. The eastern North American origin and focus of the sport demonstrated the character of the region; the sport had grassroots origins in the region, and expanded to the level of a major spectator sport by the last decades of the nineteenth century. Harness racing in the Maritimes and New England in the nineteenth century demonstrated the social and economic cohesion of the region and helped to solidify group and personal identities. Maine …
“Maine And Her Soil, Or Blood!”: Political Rhetoric And Spatial Identity During The Aroostook War In Maine, Michael T. Perry
“Maine And Her Soil, Or Blood!”: Political Rhetoric And Spatial Identity During The Aroostook War In Maine, Michael T. Perry
Maine History
The Aroostook War was a two-month standoff during the winter of 1839 between Maine and New Brunswick. Overlapping boundary claims had created a disputed territory rich in timber but lacking organization. Troops were mobilized, but war was averted when national leaders in Washington and London recoiled at the prospect of a third war between the two nations. The “war” has been dismissed by contemporary observers and historians alike because of the lack of shots fired. What has largely been overlooked, however, is the large body of political rhetoric churned out by Maine’s Democrats and Whigs during the dispute. In examining …
“News Of Provisions Ahead”: Accommodation In A Wilderness Borderland During The American Invasion Of Quebec, 1775, Daniel S. Soucier
“News Of Provisions Ahead”: Accommodation In A Wilderness Borderland During The American Invasion Of Quebec, 1775, Daniel S. Soucier
Maine History
Soon after the American Revolutionary War began, Colonel Benedict Arnold led an American invasion force from Maine into Quebec in an effort to capture the British province. The trek through the wilderness of western Maine did not go smoothly. This territory was a unique borderland area that was not inhabited by colonists as a frontier society, but instead remained a largely unsettled region still under the control of the Wabanakis. On the northern periphery of this borderland the Quebecois and Wabanakis supplied Arnold and his men with provisions, aid, and intelligence. It was the assistance of French habitants and Wabanakis …
Creating An Indian Enemy In The Borderlands: King Philip’S War In Maine, 1675-1678, Christopher J. Bilodeau
Creating An Indian Enemy In The Borderlands: King Philip’S War In Maine, 1675-1678, Christopher J. Bilodeau
Maine History
In the borderlands space between New England and Québec, the Wabanaki Indians had their own reasons for getting embroiled in a conflict that started in southern New England, King Philip’s War (1675-1678). This essay argues that, ironically, the English vision of a monolithic Indian enemy was the key to Wabanaki success in this war. The Wabanakis were a heterogeneous group when it came to the issue of fighting the English, with many eager to join the fight, others ambivalent, and still others against. The English of Massachusetts Bay and Maine, however, treated the entire Wabanaki population as united under a …
The Meeting Of Two Border Worlds: How The Maine-Canada And Texas-Mexico Borders Met In 1920, Carla Mendiola
The Meeting Of Two Border Worlds: How The Maine-Canada And Texas-Mexico Borders Met In 1920, Carla Mendiola
Maine History
This study follows two families living on the Maine and Texas borders in order to explore how seemingly different border communities shared much in common as they developed in the broader context of the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. A brief background history of the two border areas and families is followed by a more detailed look, beginning with a comparison of the conflicts that finalized the borderlines of each state, and ending with a description of the key factors involved in hybrid-culture formation on these borders. The family vignettes offer a window onto examples of how community members …
The Bodwell Granite Company Store And The Community Of Vinalhaven, Maine, 1859-1919, Cynthia Burns Martin
The Bodwell Granite Company Store And The Community Of Vinalhaven, Maine, 1859-1919, Cynthia Burns Martin
Maine History
From the late 1850s to the late 1910s, Bodwelll Granite Company on Vinalhaven Island operated a Company Store from which employees could purchase a wide variety of consumer goods. In the early decades of its existence, the Company Store was generally popular with the company’s employees and the island community. Because of certain competitive advantages, and because the company was guaranteed a profit through federal contracts, the company store often had lower prices than its competitors. But by the late nineteenth century, the store’s prices were often higher than its competitors and the store became part of the growing rift …
The Maine Indian Land Claim Settlement: A Personal Recollection, John M.R. Paterson
The Maine Indian Land Claim Settlement: A Personal Recollection, John M.R. Paterson
Maine History
From 1971 to 1980, the state of Maine grappled with one of the greatest legal challenges ever before it. That challenge had its origin in a suit brought by the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes against the U.S. Department of the Interior seeking the seemingly simple declaration that the department owed a fiduciary duty to the tribes based on a federal law adopted in 1790. That suit was eventually to lead to a suit by the U.S. Department of Justice against the state of Maine, and potentially 350,000 residents in the eastern two-thirds of the state, seeking return of land taken …
A Company Of Shadows: Slaves And Poor Free Menial Laborers In Cumberland County, Maine, 1760 – 1775, Charles P.M. Outwin
A Company Of Shadows: Slaves And Poor Free Menial Laborers In Cumberland County, Maine, 1760 – 1775, Charles P.M. Outwin
Maine History
Although slaves and poor, free menial laborers were by no means a majority of the population in late colonial-era Maine, they represented a culturally and socioeconomically significant part of commercial society there, especially at Falmouth in Casco Bay (now Portland) and in coastal Cumberland County. This essay uncovers the lives of the Falmouth’s small slave population and its larger poor menial laborer population from 1760 up to the port city’s destruction by the British in 1775. The author was granted a Ph.D. in history from the University of Maine in 2009. He is a member of the Maine Historical Society, …
Dirigo In The Arctic: Donald B. Macmillan, Harrison J. Hunt, And The Crocker Land Expedition, 1913-1917, Charles H. Lagerbom
Dirigo In The Arctic: Donald B. Macmillan, Harrison J. Hunt, And The Crocker Land Expedition, 1913-1917, Charles H. Lagerbom
Maine History
The polar careers of three Maine men intersected in the far reaches of the northern Arctic Ocean at a specific geographic spot on the globe: 83° North Latitude, 100° West Longitude. Called Crocker Land, it had been sighted by polar explorer and Maine resident Robert E. Peary on June 24, 1906. In 1913, Mainer Donald B. MacMillan organized the Crocker Land expedition to explore this land that Peary had sighted. Another Mainer, Harrison J. Hunt, signed on as doctor for MacMillan’s venture in 1913. Crocker Land tied them all together, but only one of the three actually stood where it …
“Mr.Editor, Have We Digressed?” Newspaper Editor John Neal And The Woman Suffrage Debate, Shannon M. Risk
“Mr.Editor, Have We Digressed?” Newspaper Editor John Neal And The Woman Suffrage Debate, Shannon M. Risk
Maine History
In May and June of 1870, Portland newspaper editor and reformer John Neal sparked a debate over women’s suffrage that elicited strong views on women’s place in society. Neal posted a call in the Daily Eastern Argus to like-minded women and men to meet to discuss how to bring about the women’s vote. His post led to a debate in Portland’s newspapers about the idea of women’s suffrage. Several respondents expressed outrage at women’s participation in politics, fearing it would lead to society’s downfall. Although the debate died down in June, Neal’s efforts gave renewed energy to Maine suffragists. The …
Echoes Of A Distant Thunder?: The Unitarian Controversy In Maine,1734-1833, David Raymond
Echoes Of A Distant Thunder?: The Unitarian Controversy In Maine,1734-1833, David Raymond
Maine History
The Unitarian Controversy (1734-1833) was one of the most divisive denominational separations in the annals of American church history. Historians generally have confined their study to the churches of Massachusetts proper, neglecting the vital role that Maine churches played in the various phases of the separation. Maine Congregationalists were among the first to recognize and protest the emergence of Unitarian ministers in their churches, and they took the lead in the movement to force Unitarians out of the Congregational Church. Although small in numbers, Maine churches played an important role in this significant theological controversy. The author is a History …