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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in History
Book Reviews, William David Berry, H. H. Price
Book Reviews, William David Berry, H. H. Price
Maine History
Reviews of the following books: Maine Labor in the Age of Decentralization and Global Markets 1955-2005 by Charles A. Scontras; Still Mill: Stories and Songs of Making Paper in Bucksport, Maine 1930-2014 edited by Patricia Smith Ranzoni.
Better Than The Poorhouse?: The Origins Of Mothers’ Aid In Maine, Rebecca White
Better Than The Poorhouse?: The Origins Of Mothers’ Aid In Maine, Rebecca White
Maine History
Rebecca White’s article examines the origins of a new state-funded welfare system in Maine through the prism of the 1917 “Act to Provide for Mothers with Dependent Children,” also known as mothers’ aid or mothers’ allowance legislation. This law established a centralized Mothers’ Allowance Board in Augusta to oversee applications and administer state funding to eligible Maine families. This represented a shift from traditional town-based poor services to a state-funded system of aid for those considered to be worthy. This article details the sparse landscape of public and private charity available to families in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries …
Orono: Growing As A University Town, 1965-2015, Evan D. Richert Aicp, Sophia L. Wilson
Orono: Growing As A University Town, 1965-2015, Evan D. Richert Aicp, Sophia L. Wilson
Maine History
By 1965, the Town of Orono’s long history as a lumber town had faded and it had grown into a small university town. Demographically and socially, Orono today demonstrates many of the markers of a university town—from its occupational profile and residency of university employees and students to its growing knowledge-based economy and its evolving downtown of “third places.” But there are differences, too, from a typical university town—for example, in the relative physical isolation of the University of Maine from the rest of the town, and in Orono’s small population compared with the university’s enrollment. Opinions on the quality …
At The “Busy Campus Crossroads”: The Last Fifty Years At Raymond H. Fogler Library, Desiree Butterfield-Nagy
At The “Busy Campus Crossroads”: The Last Fifty Years At Raymond H. Fogler Library, Desiree Butterfield-Nagy
Maine History
Keeping pace with an “overwhelming explosion of knowledge and information” has been a particular challenge for those at Raymond H. Fogler Library since the university celebrated its centennial in 1965. The technologies for the storage and delivery of information have seen unprecedented rates of innovation, acceptance, and obsolescence. Acquiring appropriate materials has necessitated a close look at changing needs of faculty, increasingly specialized programs, university budget freezes, shifting alignments with other libraries in the University of Maine System, and increasing costs of many subscription journals and databases. Even as electronic access has become prolific, libraries continue to be viewed as …
Standing Firm: Maine’S Delegation To Congress During The Secession Crisis Of 1860-1861, Jerry R. Desmond
Standing Firm: Maine’S Delegation To Congress During The Secession Crisis Of 1860-1861, Jerry R. Desmond
Maine History
In the years leading up to the Civil War, many Americans in both the North and the South considered it inevitable that a war between the sections would occur. Historians have debated this idea ever since. Could the war have been avoided? Was a compromise between the sections of the country possible? In this article, the author examines the role played by Maine’s congressional delegation in resisting compromise during the Great Secession Winter of 1860-1861. The author is a graduate of the University of Maine, with master’s degrees in education (1979) and Arts (History-1991). He served as the lead consulting …
Seeing Beyond The Frontier: Maine Borders, The Borderlands, And American History, Sasha Mullally
Seeing Beyond The Frontier: Maine Borders, The Borderlands, And American History, Sasha Mullally
Maine History
Sasha Mullally is an associate professor of History at the University of New Brunswick. She is the author of the forthcoming book Unpacking the Black Bag: Country Doctor Stories from the Maritimes and Northern New England, 1900-1950, which will be published by the University of Toronto Press.
“News Of Provisions Ahead”: Accommodation In A Wilderness Borderland During The American Invasion Of Quebec, 1775, Daniel S. Soucier
“News Of Provisions Ahead”: Accommodation In A Wilderness Borderland During The American Invasion Of Quebec, 1775, Daniel S. Soucier
Maine History
Soon after the American Revolutionary War began, Colonel Benedict Arnold led an American invasion force from Maine into Quebec in an effort to capture the British province. The trek through the wilderness of western Maine did not go smoothly. This territory was a unique borderland area that was not inhabited by colonists as a frontier society, but instead remained a largely unsettled region still under the control of the Wabanakis. On the northern periphery of this borderland the Quebecois and Wabanakis supplied Arnold and his men with provisions, aid, and intelligence. It was the assistance of French habitants and Wabanakis …
The Bodwell Granite Company Store And The Community Of Vinalhaven, Maine, 1859-1919, Cynthia Burns Martin
The Bodwell Granite Company Store And The Community Of Vinalhaven, Maine, 1859-1919, Cynthia Burns Martin
Maine History
From the late 1850s to the late 1910s, Bodwelll Granite Company on Vinalhaven Island operated a Company Store from which employees could purchase a wide variety of consumer goods. In the early decades of its existence, the Company Store was generally popular with the company’s employees and the island community. Because of certain competitive advantages, and because the company was guaranteed a profit through federal contracts, the company store often had lower prices than its competitors. But by the late nineteenth century, the store’s prices were often higher than its competitors and the store became part of the growing rift …
A Company Of Shadows: Slaves And Poor Free Menial Laborers In Cumberland County, Maine, 1760 – 1775, Charles P.M. Outwin
A Company Of Shadows: Slaves And Poor Free Menial Laborers In Cumberland County, Maine, 1760 – 1775, Charles P.M. Outwin
Maine History
Although slaves and poor, free menial laborers were by no means a majority of the population in late colonial-era Maine, they represented a culturally and socioeconomically significant part of commercial society there, especially at Falmouth in Casco Bay (now Portland) and in coastal Cumberland County. This essay uncovers the lives of the Falmouth’s small slave population and its larger poor menial laborer population from 1760 up to the port city’s destruction by the British in 1775. The author was granted a Ph.D. in history from the University of Maine in 2009. He is a member of the Maine Historical Society, …
Model Cities, Housing, And Renewal Policy In Portland, Maine: 1965-1974, John F. Bauman
Model Cities, Housing, And Renewal Policy In Portland, Maine: 1965-1974, John F. Bauman
Maine History
Shepherded through Congress by Maine Senator Edmund Muskie, the 1967 Model (or Demonstration) Cities Program was originally intended for the nation’s large, ghetto-ridden metropolises where it would target a host of social and economic programs including housing. Thanks to Senator Muskie, both Portland and Lewiston benefited. Before the Nixon Administration scuttled the program in 1973, Portland had created a host of innovative housing, social welfare, law enforcement, and educational programs, shifting the city’s urban renewal program away from its strict emphasis on brick-and-mortar planning. Portland was unique in making Model Cities a part of its downtown renewal. Energizing the city’s …
“Taking Up The Slack”: Penobscot Bay Women And The Netting Industry, Nancy Payne Alexander
“Taking Up The Slack”: Penobscot Bay Women And The Netting Industry, Nancy Payne Alexander
Maine History
Between 1860 and 1900 the economy of Penobscot Bay communities changed dramatically, from the steady growth and prosperity of their natural resource-based economy to the decline in population and a painful transition to manufacturing and service industries. Both men and women had enjoyed independence in their labor in the old economy. The new cash economy made it necessary for them to seek out new ways of supporting their families, with home manufacture, or putting out work, one way of earning an income. They remained independent from an employer’s direct supervision and earned cash payment, a change from the face-to-face economy …
The Hillbillies Of Maine: Rural Communities, Radio, And Country Music Performers, Erica Risberg
The Hillbillies Of Maine: Rural Communities, Radio, And Country Music Performers, Erica Risberg
Maine History
During the first third of the twentieth century, the United Sates underwent profound social, technological, and economic changes that fundamentally altered rural society. This shift created a divide between rural and urban dwellers, and by the 1930s, country people were developing their own cultural expressions, often reflecting the unique folkways of various regions — the South, Appalachia, the Ozark Plateau, the rural West. One such manifestation of country culture was old-time, or country-western music — also known as hillbilly music. At the time, radio broadcasting was at an experimental stage in reaching an American audience. Station WBLZ in Bangor covered …
Saving Schoodic: A Story Of Development, Lost Settlement, And Preservation, Alan K. Workman
Saving Schoodic: A Story Of Development, Lost Settlement, And Preservation, Alan K. Workman
Maine History
Remote, isolated, and nearly barren Schoodic Point, now the easternmost part of Acadia National Park, was long bypassed by early explorers and settlers. It might have seemed destined to remain deserted, a candidate for coastal parkland preservation in the twentieth century. But like such distant outposts as Vinalhaven, Swan’s, and Ironbound islands, Schoodic in the nineteenth century was overtaken by extensive land development, logging, and settlement by fishermen farmers. Eventually its proximity to Bar Harbor made it a target for vacation resort cottages. Yet Schoodic’s peninsular ecology and elements of its social circumstances helped it escape such development in favor …
Nineteenth-Century Industrializing Maine: The Way Life Really Was: Paul Rivard’S Made In Maine, Howard Segal
Nineteenth-Century Industrializing Maine: The Way Life Really Was: Paul Rivard’S Made In Maine, Howard Segal
Maine History
“Made in Maine” is about nineteenth-century manufacturing in a state usually associated with forests, potatoes, seacoasts, and tourists. The exhibit provocatively challenges the conventional wisdom about what Maine was like in the years slightly before and mostly after statehood in 1820.
Research Note: Searching For Democracy In Colonial Southern Maine, William Robbins
Research Note: Searching For Democracy In Colonial Southern Maine, William Robbins
Maine History
The following article was originally written as a seminar paper for James Henderson’s colonial history class during Robbins’s brief tenure as a graduate student at the University of Maine. The methodology used in this research was quite innovative when it was written in 1966, as the so-called new social history had only just emerged. This era marked an exciting time in the social sciences, with new methods that allowed the historian to approach history “from the bottom up.” Using census records, land records, tax lists, suffrage lists, and an array of other data, historians were able to uncover what life …
Norman Wallace Lermond And His Quest For The Cooperative Commonwealth, Charles Scontras
Norman Wallace Lermond And His Quest For The Cooperative Commonwealth, Charles Scontras
Maine History
Norman Wallace Lermond was Maine's premier socialist leader from 1900, when he first appeared on the state party ticket, until his death in 1944. As such, he represents both the persistence and the frustration of radical politics in a state renowned for its individualism and political conservatism. Lermond's career entailed a series of compromises and contradictions as the socialist leader navigated the shoals of reform and revolution—endorsing political action but eschewing its practical “step-at-a-time" agenda. Through all this, Lermond remained committed to his utopian vision of a classless and harmonious society, in which the failings of capitalism would be swept …
The Velocipede Craze In Maine, David V. Herlihy
The Velocipede Craze In Maine, David V. Herlihy
Maine History
In early 1869 when the nation experienced its first bicycle craze, Maine was among the hardest-hit regions. Portland boasted one of the first and largest manufactories, and indoor rinks proliferated statewide in frenzied anticipation of the dawning “era of road travel. ” In this article, the author traces the movement in Maine within an international context and tackles the fundamental riddle: Why was the craze so intense, and yet so brief? He challenges the conventional explanation - that technical inadequacies doomed the machine - and cites economic obstacles: in particular, the unreasonable royalty demands imposed by Maine-born patent-holder Calvin Witty. …
Frank Speck’S Office, Edmund S. Carpenter
Frank Speck’S Office, Edmund S. Carpenter
Maine History
Edmund S. Carpenter studied anthropology under Frank Speck at the University of Pennsylvania and taught at the University of Toronto, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the New School for Social Research, and other institutions. An internationally recognized expert on tribal art, his numerous publications include Oh, What A Blow That Phantom Gave Me!, Eskimo Realities, They Became What They Beheld, and the 12-volume Materials For The Study Of Social Symbolism In Ancient And Tribal Art. He remembers Frank Siebert at Penn with the regulars in Frank Speck ’5 office.
A Penobscot Assessment Of Frank Siebert, Eunice Baumann-Nelson
A Penobscot Assessment Of Frank Siebert, Eunice Baumann-Nelson
Maine History
Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson is the author of The Wabanaki: An Annotated Bibliography. She was bom on Indian Island, and she became the first Penobscot to get a B.A., and later got an M.A. in Child Psychology and a Ph.D. in Human Relations at N. Y. U. Later still she received an honorary doctorate of Humane Letters from the University of Maine. She served in the Peace Corps in Peru and Bolivia, was the head of the Vassar art library and head librarian at The Museum of the American Indian in New York City. She has long been a student …
Frank Siebert -- Then, And More Than "Forty Years On”, Richard B. Singer M.D.
Frank Siebert -- Then, And More Than "Forty Years On”, Richard B. Singer M.D.
Maine History
Richard B. Singer; M.D., is a consultant in medical risk appraisal and lives in Falmouth, Maine. He and Frank Siebert went to school together in the late 1920s. At a class reunion in 1980, they rediscovered each other and have corresponded since. In what follows, Singer describes their encounters over the past seven decades.
Some Memories Of Frank Siebert, Dean F. Snow
Some Memories Of Frank Siebert, Dean F. Snow
Maine History
Dean R. Snow, a professor of anthropology at Pennsylvania State University and author of numerous books and articles on the archaeology and ethnohistory of Native Northeastern America, was once on the faculty of the University of Maine at Orono and was a frequent visitor at Indian Island. He has known Frank Siebert for almost thirty years and has this to say about Frank as colleague and as field worker.
Encounters With Frank Siebert, Ives Goddard
Encounters With Frank Siebert, Ives Goddard
Maine History
Ives Goddard, Curator of the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, is the author of “Eastern Algonquian Languages," in The Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 15. He co-authored, with Kathleen f. Bragdon, Native Writings n Massachusetts and more recently edited The Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 17, Languages.
Siebert As Algonquianist, Karl Van Duyn Teeter
Siebert As Algonquianist, Karl Van Duyn Teeter
Maine History
Karl V. (van Duyn) Teeter learned Japanese as a U.S. Army draftee during the Korean War. Upon his discharge from the military in 1954 he went to Berkeley, majoring in Oriental Languages. He entered Berkeley ’s linguistics program and did fieldwork with the last speaker of Wiyot, a language indigenous to northern California that has since been demonstrated to be genetically related to all the Algonquian languages. After coming to Harvard in 1959 he studied Maliseet-Passamaquoddy and, for several years, chaired Harvard’s linguistics department. He is now Professor of Linguistics, Emeritus at Harvard. What follows is his assessment of Frank …
My Relationship With Frank Siebert, Richard Garrett
My Relationship With Frank Siebert, Richard Garrett
Maine History
The next essay was written by Richard Garrett, who created the Penobscot Primer Project, a continuing exhibit at the Hudson Museum, University of Maine. Garrett lives in Wellington, Maine and, since 1995, has been the Principal Investigator and Project Director of the Siebert Project, funded by the National Science Foundation.
Chronicles Of Dr. Frank T. Siebert Jr ., Martha Young
Chronicles Of Dr. Frank T. Siebert Jr ., Martha Young
Maine History
Martha Young, who has written twenty-two grant applications in the last ten years for educational, research, and community projects, lives in Wellington, Maine, with her husband, Richard Garrett, and, since 1995, has been Frank Siebert’s research assistant. She wrote the following account of Frank and her relationship with him. This is followed by a Siebert bibliography that she and Frank compiled together.
Bibliography Of Frank T. Siebert, Frank Siebert, Martha Young
Bibliography Of Frank T. Siebert, Frank Siebert, Martha Young
Maine History
Bibliography of Frank T. Siebert as appended to Chronicles of Dr. Frank T. Siebert
Etymology Of Tuscarora, Blair A. Rudes
Etymology Of Tuscarora, Blair A. Rudes
Maine History
Dr. Blair A. Rudes has conducted linguistic and ethnographic work with members of the Tuscarora Nation of Indians in New York State since the early 1970s. In 1987 he published with Dorothy Crouse, a Tuscarora and historian, a two-volume collection of texts in Tuscarora and English entitled The Tuscarora Legacy of J.N.B. Hewitt: Materials for the Study of the Tuscarora Language and Culture. He is presently completing a dictionary of the Tuscarora language. Dr. Rudes received his doctorate in linguistics from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1976.
From Isolationism To Interventionism In Maine, 1939-1941, Francis Rexford Cooley
From Isolationism To Interventionism In Maine, 1939-1941, Francis Rexford Cooley
Maine History
In 1939, with world war looming in Europe, Maine’s all Republican delegation in Congress remained predominantly isolationist, with Representative James C. Oliver the state ’s leading critic of pro-British internationalism. Over the course of a few months in 1941, the delegation made a remarkable turnabout, leaving Oliver to face the winds of political change. While the decisions made by the Maine delegates were shaped by unfolding events in Europe, they also reflected, as the author points out, the perception that preparedness would benefit Maine economically. Mr. Cooley is the Lecturer-in Academic-Studies at Paier College of Art in Hamden, Connecticut, and …
The Cultural Construction Of The Maine Sporting Camps, March O. Mccubrey
The Cultural Construction Of The Maine Sporting Camps, March O. Mccubrey
Maine History
Maine’s lakes and forests attracted a growing number of urban hunters and anglers after 1880. Attracted in part by the informality and remoteness of the Maine woods, these urban recreationists nevertheless imposed their own sense of order and propriety upon the culture of the sporting camp. Urban “sports “ went “back to nature, ” yet maintained their status - and their social distance - as ladies and gentlemen. ”
A Cage For John Sawyer The Poor Of Otisfield, Maine, Jean F. Hankins
A Cage For John Sawyer The Poor Of Otisfield, Maine, Jean F. Hankins
Maine History
Each year from 1790 to the end of the Civil War the town’s people of Otisfield wrestled with the dilemma of town relief. Examining this issue from two perspectives - the town taxpayers and the town poor - Jean Hankins sheds light on the politics, the finances, the hardships, the family life, and the burdens of responsibility in Maine's nineteenth-century small towns.