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Articles 31 - 60 of 248
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Beyond The Benchtop And The Benthos: Dataset Management Planning And Design For Time Series Of Ocean Carbonate Chemistry Associated With Durafet (R)-Based Ph Sensors, Emily B. Rivest, M O'Brien, L Kapsenberg, Cc Gotschalk, Ca Blanchette, U Hoshijima, Ge Hofmann
Beyond The Benchtop And The Benthos: Dataset Management Planning And Design For Time Series Of Ocean Carbonate Chemistry Associated With Durafet (R)-Based Ph Sensors, Emily B. Rivest, M O'Brien, L Kapsenberg, Cc Gotschalk, Ca Blanchette, U Hoshijima, Ge Hofmann
VIMS Articles
To better understand the impact of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, an important ongoing research priority for marine scientists is to characterize present-day pH variability. Following recent technological advances, autonomous pH sensor deployments in shallow coastal marine environments have revealed that pH dynamics in coastal oceans are more variable in space and time than the discrete, open-ocean measurements that are used for ocean acidification projections. Data from these types of deployments will benefit the research community by facilitating the improved design of ocean acidification studies as well as the identification or evaluation of natural and human-influenced pH variability. Importantly, the …
Plant Characteristics Associated With Widespread Variation In Eelgrass Wasting Disease, Ml Groner, Ca Burge, Cjs Kim, E Rees, Kl Van Alstyne
Plant Characteristics Associated With Widespread Variation In Eelgrass Wasting Disease, Ml Groner, Ca Burge, Cjs Kim, E Rees, Kl Van Alstyne
VIMS Articles
Seagrasses are ecosystem engineers of essential marine habitat. Their populations are rapidly declining worldwide. One potential cause of seagrass population declines is wasting disease, which is caused by opportunistic pathogens in the genus Labyrinthula. While infection with these pathogens is common in seagrasses, theory suggests that disease only occurs when environmental stressors cause immunosuppression of the host. Recent evidence suggests that host factors may also contribute to disease caused by opportunistic pathogens. In order to quantify patterns of disease, identify risk factors, and investigate responses to infection, we surveyed shoot density, shoot length, epiphyte load, production of plant defenses (phenols), …
Snorkeling A 323myo Paleozooic Bay Community Structure And Depositional Environment Of The Bear Gulch Limestone Of Montana, Eileen D. Grogan, Richard Lund
Snorkeling A 323myo Paleozooic Bay Community Structure And Depositional Environment Of The Bear Gulch Limestone Of Montana, Eileen D. Grogan, Richard Lund
Presentations
The Carboniferous Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana preserves the fauna and flora of a shallow, tropical marine bay, providing a rare glimpse into bay ecology and community structure in deep time. We discuss how museum fish collections are vital resources that assist us in resurrecting the fossil fish and how we derived a depositional model that explains the quality of preservation in this lagerstatte and records the diversity of its fishes (chondrichthyan, sarcopterygian and actinopterygians).
Mapping Diversity Indices: Not A Trivial Issue, V Granger, N Bez, Jm Fromentin, C Meynard, A Jadaud
Mapping Diversity Indices: Not A Trivial Issue, V Granger, N Bez, Jm Fromentin, C Meynard, A Jadaud
VIMS Articles
Mapping diversity indices, that is estimating values in all locations of a given area from some sampled locations, is central to numerous research and applied fields in ecology. Two approaches are used to map diversity indices without including abiotic or biotic variables: (i) the indirect approach, which consists in estimating each individual species distribution over the area, then stacking the distributions of all species to estimate and map a posteriori the diversity index, (ii) the direct approach, which relies on computing a diversity index in each sampled locations and then to interpolate these values to all locations of the studied …
Disrupted Seasonal Biology Impacts Health, Food Security And Ecosystems, T. J. Stevenson, M. E. Visser, S. A. M. Martin, P. Heideman
Disrupted Seasonal Biology Impacts Health, Food Security And Ecosystems, T. J. Stevenson, M. E. Visser, S. A. M. Martin, P. Heideman
Arts & Sciences Articles
The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. This review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of seasonal biology against the backdrop of its rapidly progressing disruption through climate change, human lifestyles and other anthropogenic impact. Climate change is modifying …
Spatial Modeling Of A Realized Niche: Investigating The Invasion Of Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill) Into Coastal Habitats Of Virginia's Eastern Shore, Kathryn Elizabeth Maccormick
Spatial Modeling Of A Realized Niche: Investigating The Invasion Of Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill) Into Coastal Habitats Of Virginia's Eastern Shore, Kathryn Elizabeth Maccormick
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Intraspecific Intrusion At Bald Eagle Nests, Courtney Turrin, B. D. Watts
Intraspecific Intrusion At Bald Eagle Nests, Courtney Turrin, B. D. Watts
Arts & Sciences Articles
Competition for nesting territory has been shown to act as a density-dependent feedback mechanism influencing population growth rate. However, little is known about the nature of territorial interactions between established breeders and floaters. We examined territorial intrusion rates and associated behaviours at active Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus nests in the lower Chesapeake Bay in 2012 and 2013. The average intrusion rate experienced at study nests during the reproductive period was 0.28 ± 0.32 intrusions/h. Variance in intrusion rate was high and there was no apparent predictive pattern to these events. Juvenile intrusions occurred closer to the nest than adult intrusions, …
Structure, Drivers, And Trophic Interactions Of The Demersal Fish Community In Chesapeake Bay, Andre Buchheister
Structure, Drivers, And Trophic Interactions Of The Demersal Fish Community In Chesapeake Bay, Andre Buchheister
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Management of fisheries resources is increasingly broadening its scope from single-species approaches to more holistic, ecosystem-based approaches that account for interactions of fish with a variety of ecological factors, such as predators, prey, and habitat. This ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) approach requires thorough biological and ecological understanding of systems pertaining to community structure, habitat suitability, and food web interactions. to strengthen the ecological underpinnings of EBFM efforts in Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the USA, I conducted synoptic analyses examining the structure, function, and patterns of the bay's demersal fish community. This research relied on I0 years of …
Rise Of A Floater Class: Behavioral Adjustments By Breeding Bald Eagles In A Population Approaching Saturation, Courtney L. Turrin
Rise Of A Floater Class: Behavioral Adjustments By Breeding Bald Eagles In A Population Approaching Saturation, Courtney L. Turrin
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Zooplankton Carcasses And Non-Predatory Mortality In Freshwater And Inland Sea Environments, Kw Tang, Mi Gladyshev, Op Dubovskaya, G Kirillin, Hp Grossart
Zooplankton Carcasses And Non-Predatory Mortality In Freshwater And Inland Sea Environments, Kw Tang, Mi Gladyshev, Op Dubovskaya, G Kirillin, Hp Grossart
VIMS Articles
Zooplankton carcasses are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater systems, implicating the importance of non-predatory mortality, but both are often overlooked in ecological studies compared with predatory mortality. The development of several microscopic methods allows the distinction between live and dead zooplankton in field samples, and the reported percentages of dead zooplankton average 11.6 (minimum) to 59.8 (maximum) in marine environments, and 7.4 (minimum) to 47.6 (maximum) in fresh and inland waters. Common causes of non-predatory mortality among zooplankton include senescence, temperature change, physical and chemical stresses, parasitism and food-related factors. Carcasses resulting from non-predatory mortality may undergo decomposition leading to …
Evidence Of Eelgrass (Zostera Marina) Seed Dispersal By Northern Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys Terrapin Terrapin) In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Diane C. Tulipani, Romuald N. Lipcius
Evidence Of Eelgrass (Zostera Marina) Seed Dispersal By Northern Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys Terrapin Terrapin) In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Diane C. Tulipani, Romuald N. Lipcius
VIMS Articles
The initial discovery in May 2009 of eelgrass (Zostera marina) seeds in fecal samples of wild-caught northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) was the first field evidence of eelgrass seed ingestion in this species. This finding suggested the potential of terrapins as seed dispersers in eelgrass beds, which we sampled for two additional years (2010 and 2011). Seeds were only found in feces of terrapins captured prior to June 8 in all three years, coinciding with eelgrass seed maturation and release. Numbers of seeds in terrapin feces varied annually and decreased greatly in 2011 after an eelgrass die off in …
Positive Steady State Solutions Of A Diffusive Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey Model With Holling Type Ii Functional Response And Cross-Diffusion, Jun Zhou, Chan-Gyun Kim, Junping Shi
Positive Steady State Solutions Of A Diffusive Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey Model With Holling Type Ii Functional Response And Cross-Diffusion, Jun Zhou, Chan-Gyun Kim, Junping Shi
Arts & Sciences Articles
In this paper we consider a diffusive Leslie Gower predator prey model with Holling type II functional response and cross-diffusion under zero Dirichlet boundary condition. By using topological degree theory, bifurcation theory, energy estimates and asymptotic behavior analysis, we prove the existence, uniqueness and multiplicity of positive steady states solutions under certain conditions on the parameters.
2013 Annual Report July 1, 2012 Through June 30, 2013, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
2013 Annual Report July 1, 2012 Through June 30, 2013, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
VIMS Annual Reports
No abstract provided.
Abundance, Structure And Function Of Zooplankton-Associated Bacterial Communities Within The York River, Va, Samantha L. Bickel
Abundance, Structure And Function Of Zooplankton-Associated Bacterial Communities Within The York River, Va, Samantha L. Bickel
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Mesozooplankton function as microbial microhabitats and can support concentrations of bacteria orders of magnitude higher than in the surrounding water. These zooplankton-associated bacteria can have much higher production rates than their free-living counterparts. Portions of the zooplankton microhabitat may also be anoxic and provide refuge for anaerobic bacteria and their associated processes within the oxygenated water column. Despite their common presence in the marine environment, zooplankton-associated bacteria are largely ignored by microbial ecologists and zooplankton ecologists alike. Consequently, factors which influence zooplanktonassociated bacterial abundance, community composition and function, and how zooplankton-associated bacteria compare to free-living bacteria are not well known. …
Migratory And Within-Estuary Behaviors Of Adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys Dentatus) In A Lagoon System Of The Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight, Karen M. Capossela, Mary C. Fabrizio, Richard Brill
Migratory And Within-Estuary Behaviors Of Adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys Dentatus) In A Lagoon System Of The Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight, Karen M. Capossela, Mary C. Fabrizio, Richard Brill
VIMS Articles
We monitored the movements of 45 adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) between June 2007 and July 2008 through the use of passive acoustic telemetry to elucidate migratory and within-estuary behaviors in a lagoon system of the southern mid-Atlantic Bight. Between 8 June and 10 October 2007, fish resided primarily in the deeper (>3 m) regions of the system and exhibited low levels of large-scale (100s of meters) activity. Mean residence time within this estuarine lagoon system was conservatively estimated to be 130 days (range: 18-223 days), which is 1.5 times longer than the residence time previously reported for Summer …
Patterns And Drivers Of The Demersal Fish Community Of Chesapeake Bay, Andre Buchheister, Christopher F. Bonzek, James Gartland, Robert J. Latour
Patterns And Drivers Of The Demersal Fish Community Of Chesapeake Bay, Andre Buchheister, Christopher F. Bonzek, James Gartland, Robert J. Latour
VIMS Articles
Large-scale research on the environmental, biological, and anthropogenic drivers of fish distributions, abundances, and community structure can identify patterns and trends within systems, provide mechanistic insight into ecosystem functioning, and contribute to ecosystembased fisheries management. This study synthesized 10 yr of extensive fisheries-independent bottom trawl data (2002 to 2011) to evaluate drivers of demersal fish community structure in Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States. Changes in community composition were assessed using constrained correspondence analysis. Also, aggregate community metrics (species richness, Simpson diversity, and catch-per-unit-effort [CPUE] of species groups) were modeled using generalized additive models. Five species (Atlantic …
A Conceptual Framework For Restoration Of Threatened Plants: The Effective Model Of American Chestnut (Castanea Dentata) Reintroduction, Douglass F. Jacobs, Harmony J. Dalgleish, Harmony J. Dalgleish, C. Dana Nelson
A Conceptual Framework For Restoration Of Threatened Plants: The Effective Model Of American Chestnut (Castanea Dentata) Reintroduction, Douglass F. Jacobs, Harmony J. Dalgleish, Harmony J. Dalgleish, C. Dana Nelson
Arts & Sciences Articles
We propose a conceptual framework for restoration of threatened plant species that encourages integration of technological, ecological, and social spheres. A sphere encompasses ideas relevant to restoration and the people working within similar areas of influence or expertise. Increased capacity within a sphere and a higher degree of coalescing among spheres predict a greater probability of successful restoration. We illustrate this with Castanea dentata, a foundation forest tree in North America that was annihilated by an introduced pathogen; the species is a model that effectively merges biotechnology, reintroduction biology, and restoration ecology. Because of C. dentata's ecological and social importance, …
School Of Marine Science Graduate Catalog 2012-2013, College Of William And Mary, School Of Marine Science
School Of Marine Science Graduate Catalog 2012-2013, College Of William And Mary, School Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
Catalog for the Graduate program of the School of Marine Science at the College of William & Mary for the listed academic year.
Myctophid Feeding Ecology And Carbon Transport Along The Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Jeanna M. Hudson
Myctophid Feeding Ecology And Carbon Transport Along The Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Jeanna M. Hudson
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is the largest topographic feature in the Atlantic Ocean, yet little is known about the food web structure and trophic ecology of fishes inhabiting mesopelagic waters along the MAR. To better understand the food web structure and to compare the feeding ecology of abundant MAR fishes to those in offridge areas, MAR-ECO, a Mid-Atlantic Ridge ecosystem field project of the Census of Marine Life, sampled the pelagic fauna of the northern MAR (Iceland to the Azores) during June-July, 2004. Samples were collected with two midwater trawls outfitted with multiple opening and closing cod ends to sample …
School Of Marine Science Graduate Catalog 2011-2012, College Of William And Mary, School Of Marine Science
School Of Marine Science Graduate Catalog 2011-2012, College Of William And Mary, School Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
Catalog for the Graduate program from the School of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary for the listed academic year.
Using Satellite And Radio Telemetry To Examine Stopover And Migration Ecology Of The Whimbrel: 2009-2011 Report, F. M. Smith, B. D. Watts, A. E. Duerr
Using Satellite And Radio Telemetry To Examine Stopover And Migration Ecology Of The Whimbrel: 2009-2011 Report, F. M. Smith, B. D. Watts, A. E. Duerr
CCB Technical Reports
The whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) is a large, Holarctic, highly migratory shorebird. The North American race (N.p. hudsonicus) includes two disjunct breeding populations, both of which winter primarily in Central and South America. The western population breeds in Alaska and the Northwest Territories of Canada (Engelmoer and Roselaar 1998). The eastern population breeds south and west of Hudson Bay in Manitoba and Ontario (Skeel and Mallory 1996, Jehl and Smith 1970). The prevailing idea was that the western population followed a Pacific Coast migration route between breeding and wintering areas in Panama and western South America, and that the Hudson Bay …
Genetic Diversity In U.S. Hatchery Stocks Of Crassostrea Ariakensis (Fujita, 1913) And Comparison With Natural Populations In Asia, Jie Xiao, Jan F. Cordes, Ja Moss, Kimberly S. Reece
Genetic Diversity In U.S. Hatchery Stocks Of Crassostrea Ariakensis (Fujita, 1913) And Comparison With Natural Populations In Asia, Jie Xiao, Jan F. Cordes, Ja Moss, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Although several different U.S. hatchery stocks of the Asian Suminoe oyster Crassosirea ariakensis were used in laboratory and field trials assessing performance, and in comparative studies with the native oyster Crassostrea virginica, the genetic composition of these hatchery stocks has not yet been examined comprehensively. Using eight microsatellite markers we investigated the genetic variability among five hatchery stocks and compared the genetic makeup of these stocks with 8 wild populations from Asia. Results showed significant genetic differentiation among the 5 hatchery stocks that was 6-fold larger than that observed among wild populations. A significant reduction in genetic diversity was observed …
Observations On The Early Life History And Growth Rates Of Juvenile Channel Whelks Busycotypus Canaliculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Juliana Harding
Observations On The Early Life History And Growth Rates Of Juvenile Channel Whelks Busycotypus Canaliculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Juliana Harding
VIMS Articles
Channel whelks (Busycotypus canaliculatus) were cultured from hatch through 171 days to describe the early life history and growth rates of juveniles. Whelks began to hatch at water temperatures of 15-18 degrees C. Channel whelks grew quickly from average shell lengths (SL) at hatch of 3.8 mm (SE = 0.1) to an average of 48.4 mm SL (SE = 1.3, n = 42 individuals) at 171 days post-hatch. The largest individual reached 53.2 mm SL, a gain of similar to 49.4 mm SL in 171 days, with a growth rate of 0.29 mm/day. Juvenile whelks readily consumed oyster (Crassostrea virginica) …
Virginia Institute Of Marine Science Programs And Services, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Virginia Institute Of Marine Science Programs And Services, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
Programs and faculty, education and Institute support resources are described.
School Of Marine Science Graduate Catalog 2010-2011, College Of William And Mary, School Of Marine Science
School Of Marine Science Graduate Catalog 2010-2011, College Of William And Mary, School Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
Catalog for the Graduate program from the School of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary for the listed academic year.
Estimating Detection Probabilities In Beach Seine Surveys For Estuarine Fishes, Branson D. Williams
Estimating Detection Probabilities In Beach Seine Surveys For Estuarine Fishes, Branson D. Williams
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Detectability, the probability that a species is encountered if it inhabits a site, is often overlooked in fisheries research despite its potential to obscure habitat use inferences. Detectability can be estimated using models that also provide an estimate of occupancy (Ψ), the probability that a species inhabits a site. I used these models to estimate both probabilities, and to examine factors affecting detectability and occupancy for three fishes in Chesapeake Bay tributaries: young-of-the-year striped bass (Morone saxatilis), yearling Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), and spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius). Occupancy models were fitted to data from a seine survey conducted during summer, …
Copepod Carcasses, Mortality And Population Dynamics In The Tributaries Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, David Thomas. Elliott
Copepod Carcasses, Mortality And Population Dynamics In The Tributaries Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, David Thomas. Elliott
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Several studies have documented the occurrence of substantial numbers of zooplankton carcasses in marine field samples. However, the potential effect of carcasses on conclusions resting on zooplankton abundance estimates, and the reasons for carcass occurrence have been largely disregarded. Many field studies do not account for the presence of carcasses in their sampling methodology. Zooplankton carcasses in situ are significant for several reasons. as concentrated particles of organic matter in the water column, zooplankton carcasses can be important vehicles for organic matter transport and hotspots of microbial abundance and activity. If dead animals are treated alive, carcasses could bias the …
The Life History Of Longnose Gar, Lepisosteus Osseus, An Apex Predator In The Tidal Waters Of Virginia, Patrick E. Mcgrath
The Life History Of Longnose Gar, Lepisosteus Osseus, An Apex Predator In The Tidal Waters Of Virginia, Patrick E. Mcgrath
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) inhabit all of the major tributaries of Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, extending from fresh to estuarine waters. Literature concerning longnose gar from tidal environments is limited and this is study concerns important aspects of the life history (e.g., growth, reproduction, dimorphism, movements, and diet). Age, growth, and reproduction are important life history aspects for understanding the biology of fishes and may be affected by the environment in which an individual lives. This study found no differences in the age, growth, and fecundity parameters between longnose gar from tidal portions of Chesapeake Bay tributaries and previous studies …
Stop-Over And Migration Ecology Of The Whimbrel: Fall 2009 Season Report, F. M. Smith, B. D. Watts, A. E. Duerr
Stop-Over And Migration Ecology Of The Whimbrel: Fall 2009 Season Report, F. M. Smith, B. D. Watts, A. E. Duerr
CCB Technical Reports
The whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) is a large, Holarctic, highly migratory shorebird. The North American race (N.p. hudsonicus) includes two disjunct breeding populations, both of which winter primarily in Central and South America. The western population breeds in Alaska and the Northwest Territories of Canada (Engelmoer and Roselaar 1998). The eastern population breeds south and west of Hudson Bay in Manitoba and Ontario (Skeel and Mallory 1996, Jehl and Smith 1970). The prevailing thought was that the western population followed a Pacific Coast migration route between breeding and wintering areas in Panama and western South America, and that the Hudson Bay …
Linkage Between Crustacean Zooplankton And Aquatic Bacteria, Kw Tang, V Turk, Hp Grossart
Linkage Between Crustacean Zooplankton And Aquatic Bacteria, Kw Tang, V Turk, Hp Grossart
VIMS Articles
Bacteria and metazoan zooplankton (mainly crustaceans) are often viewed as 2 separate functional groups in the pelagic food webs indirectly linked via nutrient cycling and trophic cascades. Yet a zooplankter's body carries a high abundance of diverse bacteria, often at an equivalent concentration orders of magnitude higher than the ambient bacterial concentration. Zooplankton bodies are organic-rich micro-environments that support fast bacterial growth. Their physical-chemical conditions differ from those in the surrounding water and therefore select for different bacterial communities, including anaerobic bacteria that otherwise may not thrive in a well-oxygenated water column. The zooplankton body provides protection to the associated …