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Investigating Roles Of 2 Novel Eklf Targets Involved In Erythropoiesis, Rose M. Gott
Investigating Roles Of 2 Novel Eklf Targets Involved In Erythropoiesis, Rose M. Gott
ETD Archive
Erythrocytes are primarily comprised of the oxygen carrying protein hemoglobin. Genetic mutations causing defects in the proper synthesis of hemoglobin result in various anemias. It is during the last phases of terminal erythroid differentiation that hemoglobin levels rise, making it a focus for therapeutic research. Fetal hemoglobin is comprised of ⍺-globin and gamma globin, then after a change in gene expression called hemoglobin switching which takes place after birth, adult hemoglobin is comprised of ⍺-globin and beta globin. We investigated hemoglobin switching and erythroid terminal differentiation by focusing on the master erythroid transcription factor Erythroid Krüppel-like Factor (EKLF). Data led …
Targeting Heat Shock 27 Kda Protein Induces Androgen Receptor Degradation, Yaxin Li
Targeting Heat Shock 27 Kda Protein Induces Androgen Receptor Degradation, Yaxin Li
ETD Archive
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor, with very poor prognosis. Androgen receptor (AR) plays a significant role in the progression of GBM, and anti-androgen agents have the potential to be used for the treatment of GBM. However, AR mutation commonly happens in GBM, which makes the anti-androgen agents less effective. Heat shock 27 kDa protein (HSP27) is a well-documented chaperone protein to stabilize AR. Inhibition of HSP27 results in AR degradation regardless the mutation status of AR, which makes HSP27 a good target to abolish AR in GBM. Identified compound I ((N-(3-((2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)oxy)-4-(methylsulfonamido) phenyl)-4-methoxybenzamide) inhibits GBM cell …
Mechanisms Of Telomere Maintenance In Trypanosoma Brucei, M A G G. Rabbani
Mechanisms Of Telomere Maintenance In Trypanosoma Brucei, M A G G. Rabbani
ETD Archive
Telomeres are a nucleoprotein structure at the end of the chromosome and are essential for genome integrity and chromosome stability. Telomere lengths are primarily maintained by a telomerase-mediated pathway but can be maintained by a homologous recombination-mediated pathway. However, detailed mechanisms of telomere maintenance are still unclear in many eukaryotes, including an important human pathogen, Trypanosoma brucei. Telomeres can be elongated by telomerase in T. brucei, a causative agent of fatal sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle. T. brucei evades host immune response by regularly switching its major surface antigen, variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), a process known as …
Role Of Fasting In Caloric Restriction Improved Glucose Tolerance, Makayla M. Dillon
Role Of Fasting In Caloric Restriction Improved Glucose Tolerance, Makayla M. Dillon
ETD Archive
The Caloric Restriction (CR) diet in mammals has been shown to increase longevity and prevent metabolic disorders. Some of the benefits of CR include improved glucose homeostasis, namely improvements in glucose tolerance. Mice on the CR diet have a 30% reduction in food provided, as well as a fasting period between meals as they are only fed once a day. Hence the benefits of CR stem from both fasting and reduced calorie intake. In this study, we investigated if the fasting component of CR is responsible for the benefits of this diet in improving glucose homeostasis. In particular, we used …
Development And Analysis Of Next-Generation Polymeric And Bio-Ceramic Based Orthopedic Scaffolds By Advanced Manufacturing Techniques, Sudeep K. Gummadi
Development And Analysis Of Next-Generation Polymeric And Bio-Ceramic Based Orthopedic Scaffolds By Advanced Manufacturing Techniques, Sudeep K. Gummadi
ETD Archive
Gliomas express mutant isocitrate dehydrogenases producing excessive amounts of D 2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) and releasing some of it into the environment. The immune surveillance is reduced as a result, however, the mechanisms behind lymphocyte suppression by the D2HG stereoisomer remain unknown. I incubated Jurkat T cells with D2HG at concentrations present within and surrounding gliomas, or its obverse L2HG stereoisomer, and quantified 2HG isomers within washed cells by TSPC derivatization with stable isotope-labeled D2HG and L2HG internal standards, HPLC separation, and mass spectrometry. D2HG was found in quiescent cells in double the amount of L2HG. External D2HG or L2HG increased the …
A Multi-Spatial Analysis Of Land Use Effects On Freshwater Mussels In The Upper Cuyahoga River And Tinkers Creek, Tamar Atwell
A Multi-Spatial Analysis Of Land Use Effects On Freshwater Mussels In The Upper Cuyahoga River And Tinkers Creek, Tamar Atwell
ETD Archive
Mussels are considered one indicator of good water quality in rivers, but over the past 20 years mussel populations have continued to decline, while water quality improves. According to the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA), water quality in the Cuyahoga River is now within safe levels for all parameters. However, what are safe levels for humans may not be safe for mussels. An analysis of freshwater mussel populations in two similarly sized watersheds, the Upper Cuyahoga River and Tinkers Creek was conducted. Correlations of mussel abundance and diversity were assessed by multivariate GIS/remote sensing tools to contrast water flow rates, …
Basal Signaling Through Death Receptor 5 And Caspase 3 Activates P38 Kinase To Regulate Serum Response Factor - Mediated Myod Transcription, Jason A. Ross
ETD Archive
The formation of functional skeletal muscle is the consequence of both the differentiation and apoptosis of skeletal myoblasts. Ex vivo culture of skeletal myoblasts provides a tractable model for the study of these two coordinately regulated processes. We have previously reported that 23A2 myoblasts stably expressing a dominant negative Death Receptor 5 (A2:dnDR5 myoblasts) exhibit decreased basal mRNA and protein expression of the master muscle regulatory transcription factor MyoD. This decrease at the mRNA level is not a consequence of altered stability. Binding of the transcription factor SRF to a non-canonical CArG box within a serum response element (SRE) in …
Characterization Of The Immune Response To Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Justin M. Johnson
Characterization Of The Immune Response To Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Justin M. Johnson
ETD Archive
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been known since the mid-twentieth century as the substance secreted by the testes of the male fetus that is responsible for directing the proper development of the male reproductive organs from the primordial structures that would otherwise become the uterus and fallopian tubes. However, despite its longknown significance in male development, only recently has its importance in the adult female become evident. AMH is now considered to be not only a clinical indicator of the finite ovarian egg supply, but a vital regulator thereof throughout the reproductive life of the female. Dysfunctions in AMH regulation may …
Determinants Of Holliday Junction Formation And Resolution During Budding Yeast Meiosis, Marina Bykova
Determinants Of Holliday Junction Formation And Resolution During Budding Yeast Meiosis, Marina Bykova
ETD Archive
In the process of meiosis, 4 haploid cells are produced from 1 diploid cell in two rounds of division. During prophase I of meiosis I, double strand breaks (DSBs) are created by the Spo11 protein, some of which are later repaired by homologous recombination into crossovers. During homologous recombination, structures called Holliday Junctions are formed, which later are resolved into crossovers to allow homologous chromosomes to separate. Ifthey are not resolved, the cell arrests and cannot progress further in meiosis. I have investigated three proteins known or suspected to be involved in Holliday Junction formation and resolution: the transcription factor …
Functional Ecology And Ecosystem Services Of Urban Trees, Milos Simovic
Functional Ecology And Ecosystem Services Of Urban Trees, Milos Simovic
ETD Archive
Compared to their natural counterparts, trees in urban ecosystems experience distinctive environmental conditions which can be both beneficial and harmful to tree functions and fitness. Thus, the morphological, phenological, and physiological functions of trees in urban ecosystems can be unique and might not be predictable from patterns identified in natural forests where most research on tree ecology has occurred. To better understand how different tree species contribute to ecosystem services in urban environments, we estimated a number of key performance metrics and functional traits for species commonly planted in urban areas. Between April of 2017 and December of 2019, we …
Life Cycle And Morphological Characterization Of Colpodella Sp. (Atcc 50594) In Hay Medium, Troy A. Getty
Life Cycle And Morphological Characterization Of Colpodella Sp. (Atcc 50594) In Hay Medium, Troy A. Getty
ETD Archive
Colpodella species are free living biflagellated protists that prey on algae and bodonids in a process known as myzocytosis. Colpodella are phylogenetically closely related to Apicomplexa. Cyst and trophozoite stages have been identified in Colpodella species, however the mechanisms of encystation and excystation are unknown. The timing and transition of the life cycle stages are unknown. In the present study I investigated the life cycle of Colpodella sp. (ATCC 50594). Colpodella sp. were grown in diprotist cultures in tissue culture flasks containing Hay medium bacterized with Enterobacter aerogenes and containing Bodo caudatus as prey. I wanted to know the timing …
Role Of Ribosomal Protein Us9/Ys16 In Translation Initiation And Elongation In Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae., Supriya Jindal
Role Of Ribosomal Protein Us9/Ys16 In Translation Initiation And Elongation In Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae., Supriya Jindal
ETD Archive
The process of translation in all living cells is performed by ribosomes and is divided into four major steps (initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling). Ribosomes consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins and are composed of two subunits small and large. There are three major sites for tRNA binding within ribosome: the (aminoacyl) A-site which accepts the aminoacyl (aa)-tRNA; the P-site, where the peptidyl-tRNA is formed and the (exit) E-site, where deacylated tRNA exits the ribosome. These sites are formed by both rRNA and ribosomal proteins. Though rRNA are involved in the catalysis of protein synthesis, the contribution of …
Functional Diversity And Restoration Of Meadows In Northeast Ohio, Keri Plevniak
Functional Diversity And Restoration Of Meadows In Northeast Ohio, Keri Plevniak
ETD Archive
Restoration outcomes can be variable and there is a need to understand the short- and long-term responses of the vegetation community. It is important to see if management goals are being met by evaluating restoration outcomes. Restoration goals often include establishing native species, increasing conservation value, and providing pollinator resources throughout the year. Assessing communities is commonly done though a taxonomic approach by using species presence and abundance. Another method of evaluation is through functional traits or species traits and their abundance. Both give different perspectives on how the community is achieving management goals. While taxonomic assessments can give insight …
Insights Into The Ribosomal, Extra-Ribosomal And Developmental Role Of Rp L13a In Mammalian Model, Ravinder Kour
Insights Into The Ribosomal, Extra-Ribosomal And Developmental Role Of Rp L13a In Mammalian Model, Ravinder Kour
ETD Archive
Ribosomal protein L13a plays an extra-ribosomal function in translational silencing of GAIT (IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation) element bearing mRNAs encoding inflammatory proteins but the underlying molecular mechanism of translational silencing and ribosomal incorporation of L13a remains poorly understood. Also, our laboratory showed that L13a acts as a physiological defense against uncontrolled inflammation in macrophage-specific knockout (KO) mice. However, the consequence of a total knockout of L13a in mammals remains unexplored. Therefore, our current study is focused on (i) identifying the amino acid residue(s) of L13a essential for incorporation and translational silencing of target mRNAs and (ii) studying the consequences of …
Investigation Of Ires-Mediated Translation Of Puma Mrna: Initiation Factor Requirements And Search For Itafs, Amra Ismail
Investigation Of Ires-Mediated Translation Of Puma Mrna: Initiation Factor Requirements And Search For Itafs, Amra Ismail
ETD Archive
Translation initiation is the rate-limiting and tightly regulated step of protein synthesis. Cap-dependent translation initiation accounts for about 95% of cellular mRNAs. Around 3-5% of cellular mRNAs have been found to contain a cis-regulatory element (IRES) which can recruit ribosomes in a cap-independent manner. IRESs support protein synthesis under cellular stress conditions when cap-dependent translation is inhibited. Differentiation in 23A2 myoblast cells can be induced by culturing cells in serum-free differentiating media (DM). During 23A2 cellular myoblast differentiation, approximately 30% of cells undergo apoptosis as a result of stress caused by serum withdrawal in order to induce differentiation. The expression …
Evaluation Of A Small Molecule Agonist Of Epha2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase And Copalic Acid Analogs As Prostate Cancer Therapeutics, Nethrie Idippily
Evaluation Of A Small Molecule Agonist Of Epha2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase And Copalic Acid Analogs As Prostate Cancer Therapeutics, Nethrie Idippily
ETD Archive
Project I: Chemotherapeutic drugs have many side effects that are undesirable and are highly toxic. Therefore, there is a growing need for the development of drugs with enhanced efficacy, specificity, and potency to provide cancer patients with a better prognosis. It was discovered that a member of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase family, EphA2, may prove to be a viable target in developing anti-cancer agents. In the presence of its ligand, EphA2 receptor is responsible for apoptotic and anti-migratory activity. However, in the absence of ligand, EphA2 is able to stimulate cell migration and therefore tumorigenic activity. These conflicting roles of …
Biomimetic Macromolecules For Macrophage Targeting And Modulation, Joshua Whited
Biomimetic Macromolecules For Macrophage Targeting And Modulation, Joshua Whited
ETD Archive
Carbohydrate recognition has come to the forefront of biological aiming to uncover the mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes. Cell surface glycans are involved in processes including cellular adhesion, cell signaling, and immune response. A new approach for profiling cell surface glycans has great potential for a wide range of biomedical applications. Lectins have been conventionally used to determine the structure and function of glycoproteins, however, their numbers are still restricted compared to the number of glycan structures. Boronic acid has proven a remarkable small molecule capable of binding diols in aqueous solution. This interaction indicates boronic acid derived molecules …
Rumination In Borderline Personality Disorder: An Examination Of Interpersonal Contexts In Experimental And Daily Life Settings, Skye C. Napolitano
Rumination In Borderline Personality Disorder: An Examination Of Interpersonal Contexts In Experimental And Daily Life Settings, Skye C. Napolitano
ETD Archive
This study examined whether Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) features predict increased rumination in response to interpersonal contexts, leading to increased negative affect (NA) outcomes across self-report, experimental, and daily life settings. As BPD is characterized by sustained NA, emotion dysregulation, and pervasive difficulties in interpersonal relationships, interpersonal contexts may present a specific liability for individuals with BPD to ruminate, and subsequently, experience enduring NA. Undergraduate participants (N=119) completed measures of BPD features, dispositional rumination, emotion dysregulation, and both 1) a laboratory protocol that measured spontaneous rumination and affective reactivity to non-interpersonal (sad film clip) and interpersonal (Cyberball) stimuli and 2) …
The Effect Of Taboo Words And Reprimands In An Audio-Visual Modified Stroop Task, Rachel B. Fernandes
The Effect Of Taboo Words And Reprimands In An Audio-Visual Modified Stroop Task, Rachel B. Fernandes
ETD Archive
Previous research has found that participants respond less efficiently to taboo words in a modified emotional Stroop task than to neutral words because of the emotional nature of taboo words. Additionally, there is some evidence that the extent to which these words impact performance depends on whether the words appear in a participant’s native language. More specifically, the taboo effect has been found to be more pronounced in a person’s native language. One purpose of the current study was to determine whether previous results in a taboo Stroop task would be replicated. Another purpose of this study was to determine …
Examining Effects Of Arousal And Valence Across The Adult Lifespan In An Emotional Stroop Task, Samantha E. Tuft
Examining Effects Of Arousal And Valence Across The Adult Lifespan In An Emotional Stroop Task, Samantha E. Tuft
ETD Archive
As age increases, there is evidence that people tend to pay less attention to negative information, pay more attention to positive information, or both. There are many theoretical accounts that attempt to explain this positivity bias. In the current study, I examined positivity effects across the adult lifespan by evaluating competing predictions of two theories: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, which is based in motivation, and Dynamic Integration Theory, which is based in capacity. Computer mouse tracking was used to examine effects across levels of Valence (negative, neutral, and positive) and Arousal (low, medium, and high) in an emotional Stroop task. Participants …
Quantitative Analysis Of Bleomycin In Rat Plasma By Lc-Ms/Ms, Huawen Li
Quantitative Analysis Of Bleomycin In Rat Plasma By Lc-Ms/Ms, Huawen Li
ETD Archive
Bleomycin is the most commonly used compound in its group of antineoplastic drugs. It works on tumor cells by single and double stranded DNA cleavage after its activation, in which it blocks tumor cells’ DNA replication or transcription activities to inhibit tumor cells’ growth. Bleomycin sulfate (Blenoxane) is the most popular preparation used in clinical research, and contains Bleomycin fractions of A2 and B2, which causes difficulties in quantitative analysis. This work uses the metal chelating property of Bleomycin as an advantage to simplify and improve sensitivity of existing quantitative methods. Copper was spiked in excess to plasma samples, followed …
Sex, Ethnicity, And Socioeconomic Status On Attitudes Toward Women As Managers And Perceived Career Impediment: A Study Of Young Adults In Malaysia, Li Teng Voon
ETD Archive
The current study aims at examining the effects of sex, race, and socioeconomic status on young Malaysians; attitudes toward women as managers and the perceived barriers to their own careers. This paper also examined a moderated mediation, with the moderator being the working status of an individual's mother and the mediator being gender role attitudes. A great wealth of research in this area has been conducted in the Western culture, but much less is known about Malaysia and its young adults. This study provides a historical and sociocultural overview of Malaysia, and how its unique sociopolitical and societal structure impacts …
Computational Investigation Of Protein Assemblies, Sm Bargeen Alam Turzo
Computational Investigation Of Protein Assemblies, Sm Bargeen Alam Turzo
ETD Archive
Selective nitrosylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) at Cys-247 affects gene regulation through the interferon-gamma (IFN- γ) activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) complex. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDLox) and INF-γ induce assembly of the nitrosylase complex composed of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), S100A8, and S100A9 proteins. Crystal structure of the complex of GAPDH and S100A8A9 is not known, structural prediction method were employed by protein-protein docking and binding energy calculation with PatchDock and FIREDock respectively. Candidate models were selected, based on a weight factor calculated, from the computational method developed from the "artificial protease" cleavage mapping Fe(III) (s)-1-(p- …
A Synthesis Platform For Temperature Responsive Star Polymers, Schmitt J. Richard Jr.
A Synthesis Platform For Temperature Responsive Star Polymers, Schmitt J. Richard Jr.
ETD Archive
Star polymers are a class of branched polymers comprised of several polymer chains extending from a central point. Star polymers have applications in biopharmaceuticals where they have been proposed to be suitable drug delivery vehicles. Star polymers have traditionally been synthesized through chemical synthesis with added functionality provided by grafting on the arms. This complex synthesis can be simplified by using a biosynthetic approach which enables precise control of molecular weight and composition. This approach is demonstrated using star polymers with arms composed of a temperature responsive protein-based polymer termed elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). Star polymers are characterized based on the …
Real-Time Assessment And Visual Feedback For Patient Rehabilitation Using Inertial Sensors, Deepa Adinarayanan
Real-Time Assessment And Visual Feedback For Patient Rehabilitation Using Inertial Sensors, Deepa Adinarayanan
ETD Archive
Rehabilitation exercises needs have been continuously increasing and have been projected to increase in future as well based on its demand for aging population, recovering from surgery, injury and illness and the living and working lifestyle of the people. This research aims to tackle one of the most critical issues faced by the exercise administers-Adherence or Non-Adherence to Home Exercise problems especially has been a significant issue resulting in extensive research on the psychological analysis of people involved. In this research, a solution is provided to increase the adherence of such programs through an automated real-time assessment with constant visual …
The Naked Mole Rat Possesses A Differently Phased Core Clock System Along With A Different Glucose Handling And Mtor Systems Compared To The Common Lab Mouse, Soumyaditya Ghosh
The Naked Mole Rat Possesses A Differently Phased Core Clock System Along With A Different Glucose Handling And Mtor Systems Compared To The Common Lab Mouse, Soumyaditya Ghosh
ETD Archive
INTRODUCTION The Naked Mole Rat [ Heterocephalus glaber] is a type of rodent -with the highest average lifespan-30 years-among all the rodent species. It lives underground in sealed burrow systems with little to no exposure to day-night transitions on the surface. It shows polyphasic round the clock activity within its subterranean burrow system. The activity and physiology of most animals are governed by the biological circadian clock. The biological circadian clock is a system that oscillates with a rough periodicity of 24 hours. Environmental zeitgebers regulate the entrainment of the circadian clock to the 24-hour day-night cycle and light is …
Stabilization Of Hypoxia Inducible Factor By Cobalt Chloride Can Alter Renal Transepithelial, Subhra Sankar Nag
Stabilization Of Hypoxia Inducible Factor By Cobalt Chloride Can Alter Renal Transepithelial, Subhra Sankar Nag
ETD Archive
Kidney cyst expansion, stagnant fluid accumulation, and insufficient vascular supply can result in localized chronic ischemia-hypoxia in kidney cysts, as well as in normal renal epithelia adjacent to a cyst. We hypothesize that in normal epithelia near a cyst, the stabilization of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1a (HIF1a), a major regulator of cellular response to hypoxia, can cause altered paracellular and transcellular transport, transforming a normal absorptive phenotype to a secretory and paracellularly leaky phenotype, leading to cyst expansion. Using 100 µmol/L cobalt chloride (CoCl2), HIF1a was stabilized in cellular nucleus of a mouse cortical collecting duct cell line (mCCD 1296 …
Il-17 Drives Copper Uptake And Activation Of Growth Pathways In Colorectal Cancer Cells In A Steap4-Dependent Manner, Evan Martin
Il-17 Drives Copper Uptake And Activation Of Growth Pathways In Colorectal Cancer Cells In A Steap4-Dependent Manner, Evan Martin
ETD Archive
Colorectal cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal, invasive cell growth beginning in the colon or rectum. The third most common type of cancer worldwide, approximately one million new cases of the disease are diagnosed across the globe annually, resulting in an estimated 700,000+ deaths. One major risk factor associated with development of colorectal cancer is the presence of chronic inflammation in the large intestine, also known as colitis. Inflammation is a complex immune response against harmful stimuli, characterized by symptoms including heat, redness, swelling and pain. One important molecular mediator of this process is interleukin 17 (IL-17), a pro-inflammatory …
Il-17 Drives Copper Uptake And Activation Of Growth Pathways In Colorectal Cancer Cells In A Steap4-Dependent Manner, Evan Martin
Il-17 Drives Copper Uptake And Activation Of Growth Pathways In Colorectal Cancer Cells In A Steap4-Dependent Manner, Evan Martin
ETD Archive
Colorectal cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal, invasive cell growth beginning in the colon or rectum. The third most common type of cancer worldwide, approximately one million new cases of the disease are diagnosed across the globe annually, resulting in an estimated 700,000+ deaths. One major risk factor associated with development of colorectal cancer is the presence of chronic inflammation in the large intestine, also known as colitis. Inflammation is a complex immune response against harmful stimuli, characterized by symptoms including heat, redness, swelling and pain. One important molecular mediator of this process is interleukin 17 (IL-17), a pro-inflammatory …
The Effect Of Site Characteristics On The Reproductive Output Of Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus Ficaria), Justin P. Kermack
The Effect Of Site Characteristics On The Reproductive Output Of Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus Ficaria), Justin P. Kermack
ETD Archive
Ranunculus ficaria L., an ephemeral perennial invasive plant brought over from Europe, is becoming widespread throughout the Northeastern United States. This herbaceous buttercup is able to create extensive dense mats that limit native species growth. Taking advantage of an early growing season and rapid reproduction rates, this species can create dense monocultures, which threatens native communities and ecosystems. Elimination of native spring ephemerals results in decreased biodiversity. A better understanding of how R. ficaria responds to site characteristics is needed to prioritize management efforts toward high-risk sites.
Ranunculus ficaria abundance and reproductive output (seed, bulbil and tuber production rates) were …