Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Toxic Leadership: Managerial Implications For Tourism And Hospitality Business, Alessandro Cavelzani

ICHRIE Research Reports

There is growing attention on research about dysfunctional management issues, specifically regarding toxic leadership, which lead to deleterious consequences in business. When a leader enacts toxic behaviors rather than providing support and realistic directions, it will cause severe stress, burnout, and passive-aggressive dynamics on their team, negatively affecting guest experiences. Therefore, this transactional paper aims at developing managers’ awareness of the toxic leadership issue, enlightening how to recognize and detect it. Also, to contribute to reducing job stress and promoting mental health at the workplace, we suggest some recommendations on how companies can handle the toxic leadership phenomenon by enhancing …

Childhood Unpredictability Is Associated With Increased Risk For Long- And Short-Term Depression And Anhedonia Symptoms Following Combat Deployment, Christopher Hunt, Meghan Vinograd, Laura M. Glynn, Elysia Poggi Davis, Tallie Z. Baram, Hal S. Stern, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Bruna Cuccurazzu, Cindy Napan, Dylan Delmar, Dewleen G. Baker, Victoria B. Risbrough

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

High unpredictability has emerged as a dimension of early-life adversity that may contribute to a host of deleterious consequences later in life. Early-life unpredictability affects development of limbic and reward circuits in both rodents and humans, with a potential to increase sensitivity to stressors and mood symptoms later in life. Here, we examined the extent to which unpredictability during childhood was associated with changes in mood symptoms (anhedonia and general depression) after two adult life stressors, combat deployment and civilian reintegration, which were assessed ten years apart. We also examined how perceived stress and social support mediated and /or moderated …

Artistic Workshops With Patients Of A Psychiatric Day Hospital In France, Ivan Magrin-Chagnolleau

Presidential Fellows Articles and Research

This article delineates a study conducted within a psychiatric day hospital in France, adhering to the principles of institutional psychotherapy and therapeutic clubs that originated from the anti-psychiatric movement of the 1970s. The study specifically explores two activities within this framework: a music club and a video club. The primary objective of each club was to establish activities involving both the patients and the care staff to dissolve the boundaries between them. Additionally, these activities aimed to engage both patients and care staff in the conceptualization and execution processes, thereby fostering a collaborative approach within the psychiatric care setting.

The Role Of Colony Morphology And Substratum Inclination On The Distribution Of Eunicella Verrucosa On Shallow Reefs, Luke Thompson

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Eunicella verrucosa plays an important role in shallow reefs, where they produce a complex 'sheet tree' morphology that supports a variety of benthic-dwelling organisms. E. verrucosa is considered 'vulnerable' by the IUCN Red List, which validates the importance of understanding the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the species morphology and survival. This study analyses how horizontal and vertical slope inclinations influence colony morphology. A population of 115 E. verrucosa colonies were observed at Plymouth's inner breakwater fort at 8–13.8m in depth. The influence of inclination on morphology was investigated by observing colony height, encrusting branch diameter and branch complexity for …

A Statistical Analysis Of The Population Of Barbel In The River Teme

The Plymouth Student Scientist

The focus of this project is on the population of barbel (Barbus barbus) living in the River Teme, over a number of years with the objective of examining the fish population size specifically investigating any temporal trend in fish population numbers and, if found, with the further aim of examining any covariates that may be causing the trend. In order to answer these questions, two datasets were investigated and rigorously analysed in order to ascertain whether stocks of barbel are in decline and, if so, to further examine which covariates could be contributing to their depletion. A number of statistical …

Standardised Tool For The Assessment Of Bruxism, Daniele Manfredini, Jari Ahlberg, Ghizlane Aarab, Steven Bender, Alessandro Bracci, Peter A. Cistulli, Paulo Cesar Conti, Reny De Leeuw, Justin Durham, Alona Emodi-Perlman, Dominik Ettlin, Luigi M. Gallo, Birgitta Häggman-Henrikson, Christer Hublin, Takafumi Kato, Gary Klasser, Michail Koutris, Gilles J. Lavigne, Daniel Paesani, Ingrid Peroz, Peter Svensson, Peter Wetselaar, Frank Lobbezoo

School of Dentistry Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to present and describe the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB), an instrument that was developed to provide a multidimensional evaluation of bruxism status, comorbid conditions, aetiology and consequences. METHODS: The rationale for creating the tool and the road map that led to the selection of items included in the STAB has been discussed in previous publications. RESULTS: The tool consists of two axes, specifically dedicated to the evaluation of bruxism status and consequences (Axis A) and of bruxism risk and etiological factors and comorbid conditions (Axis B). The tool includes 14 domains, accounting …

Introduction To The Special Issue On Artificial Intelligence In Counselor Education And Supervision, Russell Fulmer, Wendell Callahan, Olivia Uwamahoro Williams

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

No abstract provided.

Using Ai-Supported Supervision In A University Telemental Health Training Clinic, Donna Sheperis, Shiri Sadeh-Sharvit

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential of transforming clinical education and supervision in university-based telemental health training clinics. AI can improve the accuracy of diagnoses, automate routine tasks, and personalize treatment plans, potentially enhancing the accessibility and quality of mental health care. In this paper, we describe why training clinics serve as an optimal setting to adopt innovation and share lessons from the field to inform future integrations of AI in clinical supervision. The lessons include support for case conceptualization, feedback on session quality, and automation of routine tasks such as sending standardized assessments and writing progress notes. However, …

Artificial Intelligence For Mental Health Support During Covid-19: Experiences Of Graduate Counseling Students, Russell Fulmer, Eric T. Beeson, Carl Sheperis, Daniel Rosello, Rebecca Edelman

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

The purpose of this study was to examine how an AI chatbot could provide mental health support to counselors-in-training during the COVID-19 pandemic. The chatbot “Tess” was available to participants for two weeks. Participants responded to questions about their experience and the content of this qualitative data was analyzed. Themes emerged that focused on mental health during the pandemic, utility of the AI chatbot during the pandemic, and potential therapeutic use in general. Findings were mixed and suggest some skepticism among counseling students towards the use of an AI chatbot.

“Too Pretty To Be Brain Injured” Dance Movement Therapy And Women With/Recovering From Traumatic Brain Injury: A Literature Review, Cathy Patricia Hall

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

The objective of this literature aims to first, elucidate the history of the exclusion or absence of women in research examining traumatic brain injury (TBI). Second, in reviewing more recent published research examining women and traumatic brain injury, trends indicate women are prone to injury at increasing rates to men, due to biological sex, physiological makeup, and different etiologies. Finally, this literature review endeavors to examine published dance/movement therapy (DMT) research, and recommendations, for suggested interventions to apply to women with traumatic brain injuries and common comorbid diagnosis of depression, and PTS. Unique challenges this population experiences. In doing so …

Mental Health Differences In Medical Students Based On Curriculum And Gender, Maxim Jestin, Shelly Sharma, Deval Jhaveri, Brittany Mitchell, Dean Micciche, Venkat Venkataraman, Kathryn Lambert

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mental health struggles among students in medical school is widely reported; however, little is known about how it is impacted by the medical school curriculum. This study aimed to evaluate differences in anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion in medical students based on gender, class year, and curriculum.

METHODS: An anonymous online survey consisting of questions from established, validated questionnaires about demographics, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, and personal health behaviors was sent to 817 medical students who attended Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine during the Spring of 2021. When applying to this school, each of these students …

Traumatic Brain Injury Severity In Older Adults: Impact On Anxiety And Depression Symptoms And Community Engagement, Ashley Tomford

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of physical and cognitive disability worldwide. TBI can negatively impact cognitive, physical, social, and psychological functioning.

Objective: This study investigated interactions between TBI severity, mental health symptom severity, and community engagement among older adults. Specific aims included investigating 1) the relationship between TBI severity at the time of injury and psychiatric symptom severity at one-year post-TBI; 2) the relationship between TBI severity and community engagement at one-year post-TBI; and 3) whether mental health symptom severity moderated the relationship between TBI and post-injury community engagement.

Methods: Archival data was analyzed …

Nucleus Accumbens Core Single Cell Ensembles Bidirectionally Respond To Experienced Versus Observed Aversive Events, Oyku Dinckol, Noah Harris Wenger, Jennifer E Zachry, Munir Gunes Kutlu

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Fear learning is a critical feature of survival skills among mammals. In rodents, fear learning manifests itself through direct experience of the aversive event or social transmission of aversive stimuli such as observing and acting on conspecifics' distress. The neuronal network underlying the social transmission of information largely overlaps with the brain regions that mediate behavioral responses to aversive and rewarding stimuli. In this study, we recorded single cell activity patterns of nucleus accumbens (NAc) core neurons using in vivo optical imaging of calcium transients via miniature scopes. This cutting-edge imaging methodology not only allows us to record activity patterns …

Cross-Cultural Dyads In The Psychotherapy Room, Sebastian Del Corral Winder, Katrina Spontak, Mixalis Poulakis

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Therapeutic outcome is often impacted by the psychotherapeutic relationship throughout treatment. These outcomes are mediated by the client’s belief in the psychotherapist’s trust, comfort, and competency while navigating mental health concerns. Cultural differences can impact a client’s perspective on all three factors and thus impact the psychotherapeutic relationship and success of treatment. The Accent Prestige Theory has noted that individuals who speak English with a Latin American Spanish accent are perceived as less competent, friendly, and trustworthy by White individuals in the United States. While this theory has been examined in select contexts, there is no previous work related to …

Increasing Medication Adherence In Patients With Bipolar Disorder Using Mobile App Reminder, Emmaculate Ndifor

Doctors of Nursing Practice (DNP) Final Projects, 2020-current

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is the fifth leading course of disability in the world, contributing to many co-morbid conditions and complications. Non-adherence to medication is prevalent in patients with BD. The aim of the project was to use an evidence-based technological intervention to enhance medication adherence in BD patients between 18- 65 years old at an outpatient behavioral health clinic.

Methods: Baseline assessment included a pre Morisky Medication Adherence (MMAS-4) questionnaire. The development of an intervention to improve medication adherence was based on Johnson’s (2002) Medication Adherence Model (MAM).

Interventions: Participants downloaded the Medisafe app, registered medications and set …

The Association Between Prenatal Acetaminophen Use And Adhd Development In Childhood, Jocelyne Blanco, Erika Mccarthy, Justin Gambini

Doctor of Medical Science (DMSc)

Background: The purpose of this article is to produce a review of the literature on a recently growing topic of interest. We believe the widespread use of acetaminophen in pregnancy makes the rising concern for acetaminophen use in pregnancy and the development of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) a national public health matter. The mechanism of action of acetaminophen, the pathophysiology of drug transfer through the placental barrier, and the most up-to-date research studies were analyzed with the goal of bringing clarity and promoting healthy pregnancies for all.

Methods: PubMed, PLOS One, and Google Scholar served as the cornerstone …

Feasibility Of A Laboratory Model For Evaluating The Use Of An Alternative Response Option In Mitigating Caregiver Treatment Integrity Errors, Jessie K. Weber

Theses & Dissertations

The current study assessed the feasibility of a laboratory model designed to evaluate options for mitigating common caregiver errors in the implementation of destructive behavior treatment. We developed a computer-based analogue to caregiver implementation of extinction for attention-maintained destructive behavior; the model included contingencies on both caregiver errors of commission and adherence to the treatment protocol. We also conducted a preliminary investigation of the effects of participant access to alternative activities as a potential strategy for mitigating integrity errors. Participants included 14 MTurk workers or staff in a severe behavior clinic, and individual response patterns revealed distinct sensitivities to the …

Does Probiotic Supplementation Help Decrease Symptoms In Adults Previously Diagnosed With Major Depressive Disorder?, Alexa Hammock, Hayley Loiselle

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Objective: To assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on clinical symptoms of major depressive disorder in adults. Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: Searches were performed on PubMed using the terms “adults with depression and probiotics”. The limits on PubMed were set to include randomized control trials, studies on adults, studies done within the last 10 years, studies done on patients that did not have depression, studies that did not use the Beck Depression Inventory, and studies that focused on other conditions. Results: Three studies were found that met search criteria: Reninghaus et al., Schaub et al., and Chahwan et al. …

Experiences Of Black American Millennials: A Qualitative Study Of Internalized And Externalized Coping In The Face Of Racial Trauma, Natalia Angelique Giles

Doctoral Dissertations

The experiences Black Americans have faced when standing against racial trauma have impacted the Black community for generations. Though previous generations faced overt styles of racism throughout the eras of slavery and Jim Crow, the invalidation and discrimination have remained consistent within the experiences of the Black American millennial (BAM) generation. Current experiences BAMs face are a combination of both overt and covert styles of racism, which increase mental exhaustion, reduce motivation, and leave the individual psychologically defenseless. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of BAMs in the face of racial trauma. This qualitative research …

Resting-State Eeg Power Differences In Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Weisi Siong Neo, Dan Foti, Brandon Keehn, Bridgette Kelleher

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Narrative reviews have described various resting-state EEG power differences in autism across all five canonical frequency bands, with increased power for low and high frequencies and reduced power for middle frequencies. However, these differences have yet to be quantified using effect sizes and probed robustly for consistency, which are critical next steps for clinical translation. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of published and gray literature on resting-state EEG power in autism. We performed 10 meta-analyses to synthesize and quantify differences in absolute and relative resting-state delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma EEG power in autism. We also …