Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Feasibility Study Of A Family- And School-Based Intervention For Child Behavior Problems In Nepal., Ramesh P Adhikari, Nawaraj Upadhaya, Emily N Satinsky, Matthew D Burkey, Brandon A Kohrt, Mark J D Jordans

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: This study evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a combined school- and family-based intervention, delivered by psychosocial counselors, for children with behavior problems in rural Nepal.

Methods: Forty-one children participated at baseline. Two students moved to another district, meaning 39 children, ages 6-15, participated at both baseline and follow-up. Pre-post evaluation was used to assess behavioral changes over a 4-month follow-up period (n = 39). The primary outcome measure was the Disruptive Behavior International Scale-Nepal version (DBIS-N). The secondary outcome scales included the Child Functional Impairment Scale and the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI). Twelve key informant interviews …

Is Self-Interest At The Root Of Political Behavior? An Examination Of The Effects Of Dark Personality And Demographics On Political Beliefs And Actions, Nathan A. S. Frishberg

Theses and Dissertations

Prediction of political behavior is of interest to scientists in the fields of psychology, sociology, and politics, as well as to the lay public. Previous research has connected personality to broad political leanings, but little if any published research has examined how personality relates to voting behavior. The current study built on earlier work by examining the connections among the Dark Triad of personality (psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism), demographics, specific political beliefs, and political behaviors. We hypothesized that dark personality would relate to political beliefs such that those higher on the Dark Triad would show stronger support for policies that …

Programming To Transition Psychological Experiments From Superlab To Matlab, Mudra R. Savaliya

Undergraduate Research Posters 2018

For the past six years, our laboratory has conducted experiments programmed in Superlab, a software package designed exclusively for psychological experiments. Although Superlab has some attractive features, it also has some severe limitations. For example, Superlab cannot read files, meaning that for an experiment in which each participant has a unique stimulus list, a unique program has to be assembled for each participant. For an experiment in which each participant has a unique order of conditions, a unique program with the conditions in that order has to be assembled for each participant. Preparing numerous unique programs provides numerous opportunities for …

Perspectives On Adolescent Drug Use: Interviews With Community Providers, Noelle Naser

Undergraduate Research Posters 2018

With a striking rise in drug related deaths over the past few years, researchers have looked towards improving prevention methods as a way to not only react to substance abuse with treatment, but learn to better prevent individuals from following these risk taking behaviors. Adolescents specifically are prone to risk taking behaviors such as substance use as they navigate through the challenges of adolescence and transitioning into their identities. Therefore, research in understanding how and why youth decide to get involved in substances is important for creating stronger prevention. Using qualitative data obtained from semi-structured interviews with community providers (N=4), …

Perception Of Time And Post-Surgery Physical Rehabilitation, Karmen Love

Undergraduate Research Posters 2018

Physical rehabilitation is an important part of a patient’s recovery after surgery. Physical therapists are crucial to the success of that patient’s healing process. Physical rehabilitation can determine how quickly the patient’s healing progresses. It is difficult to determine how long a person will be in rehab and every patient has different expectations of how long their recovery will take. In this study, I explored how a patient’s perception of time affects the estimated versus actual recovery time post-surgery. The participants were patients admitted to the inpatient rehab at Mercy Regional Medical Center in Lorain, Ohio. Each patient was assessed …

The Impact Of Adjacent-Letter Flanking Bigrams On Lexical Decision Performance, Gina M. Cascone, Deion L. Colbert

Undergraduate Research Posters 2018

Some models of word identification hypothesize that the word recognition system includes units responsive to bigrams (letter pairs). Grainger, Mathot, and Vitu (2014) and Palinski (2016) found that target-flanking bigrams consisting of letters adjacent in targets (e.g., OG FROG FR) affect decisions about whether letter strings are words: Bigram-letter order, but not proximity of bigram letters to their locations in the targets, affected performance. (Average performance was better with FR FROG OG and OG FROG FR than with RF FROG GO and GO FROG RF, but no different with FR FROG OG and RF FROG GO than with OG FROG …

Normative Data For The Poreh Naming Test, Grace Ozinga

ETD Archive

The present study describes the development of a novel confrontational naming test for the assessment of word finding and language abilities, and also serves as a tool for the assessment of effort. The test is comprised of two portions. The first portion consists of 40 colored drawings of day to day objects and is aimed at assessing verbal abilities, particularly word finding deficits. The second portion also involves the presentation of 40 colored drawings, each drawing comprised of the original object that was previously presented and two distractors, objects that were not previously presented. The present study aims to evaluate …

Investigating The Electrophysiology Of Long-Term Priming In Spoken Word Recognition, Erin K. Bell

ETD Archive

When participants are listening to the same words spoken by different talkers, two types of priming are possible: repetition priming and talker-specific priming. Repetition priming refers to the exposure of a stimulus improving responses to a subsequent exposure. Talker-specific priming refers to the exposure of words spoken by same talkers improving responses relative to those same words spoken by different talkers. There are conflicting theories regarding whether talker-specific priming should be observed. Abstract representational theories suggest that episodic details (e.g., talker identity) are not stored in the mental lexicon, while episodic theories of the lexicon posit that lexical representations include …

The Usefulness Of The Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test For The Assessment Of Response Bias, Marina Barboza

ETD Archive

In the field of neuropsychology, there is a need for reliable measures that assess for both memory and effort (response bias). A sample of college students were instructed to feign memory deficits. They were administered two well established measures of response bias, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the Reliable Digits Span (RDS), as well as the Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test (PNMT). The study shows that all of the three measures were able to identify students who were coached to demonstrate memory deficits. A more detailed analysis showed that the TOMM and the PNMT produced higher sensitivity and specificity …

A Study Inquiry Of The Impact Of The Mother-Daughter Relationship With Teen Pregnancy, Klarissa Zeno

Undergraduate Research Posters 2018

The relationship a teenage girl and her mother hold is vital in the outcome and the decisions the teen makes. This relationship is influenced by many different things including communication patterns the mother and teen have. The aim of this study is to look at the way the two communicate throughout the teen years of the daughter to see if there is an association with whether or not the teen becomes pregnant. Teen pregnancy has been an obstacle many girls have had to face during their adolescent years. This is due to the numerous teenagers that are sexually active during …

Learning To Do In Vivo Neural Responses In Mice, Timothy Mogan, Justin Wobser, Riley Raulhammer, Tyler Erker

Undergraduate Research Posters 2018

Timothy Mogan, Tyler Erker, Riley Faulhammer and Justin Wobser were the target students for this stereotaxic neurosurgery and electrophysiology lab experience. They are Pre-Nursing, Pre-Neuroscience (Pyschology) or Pre-Med majors. This richly educational and hands-on investigation significantly enhanced their confidence and experience in RODENT HANDLING, ANESTHESIA, ELECTROPHSYIOLOGY, PERFUSION, BRAIN REMOVAL and GENERAL LAB SKILLS. An animal use protocol was created for the project under the guidance of the Mentors and the students followed it competently. Students completed CITI online animal research training and animal handling training was provided by Lou Turchyn, DVM. Animals for the research were generously donated by Dr. …

A Cognitive Model Of Switching Between Reflective And Reactive Decision Making In The Wason Task, Othalia Larue, Alexander Hough, Ion Juvina

Psychology Faculty Publications

Using the Wason card selection task, we model how humansdecide to engage in further deliberation after generating anintuitive response. Central to our model is the Feeling ofRightness which is the fluency with which one makes adecision, and how good one feels about it. The model isimplemented in a cognitive architecture, ACT-R. A core affectmechanism and the Feeling of Rightness component are usedto drive the decision. A training procedure was used to simulateindividual differences in heuristic and analytical behavior.Different degrees of reinforcement were then used to allow themodel to learn logical skills, and acquire differences in FOR,which determined the degree of …

The Behavioral Immune System: Homelessness As A Disease Marker, Anya O’Connor

Departmental Honors Projects

Alongside the biological immune system is the behavioral immune system that works to avoid infection by avoiding contact with potential disease. The behavioral immune system reacts to visual cues of potential disease, such as coughing or skin lesions, and promotes avoidance behavior via disgust reactions. It interacts with biological immune responses by influencing hormones such as Interleukin-6 and cortisol. The behavioral immune system has also been found to overgeneralize and react to cues, such as obesity, disability, and foreignness, that do not signal actual disease threat. The purpose of this study is to test if the behavioral immune system overgeneralizes …

Protocol For A Feasibility Study Of Group-Based Focused Psychosocial Support To Improve The Psychosocial Well-Being And Functioning Of Adults Affected By Humanitarian Crises In Nepal: Group Problem Management Plus (Pm+), M Sangrawla, E Van Hof, N Luitel, E Turner, K Marahatta, Brandon A. Kohrt

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

The prevalence of common mental disorders increases in humanitarian emergencies while access to services to address them decreases. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a brief five-session trans-diagnostic psychological WHO intervention employing empirically supported strategies that can be delivered by non-specialist lay-providers under specialist supervision to adults impaired by distress. Two recent randomized controlled trials in Pakistan and Kenya demonstrated the efficacy of individuallydelivered PM+. To make PM+ more scalable and acceptable in different contexts, it is important to develop a group version as well, with 6–8 participants in session. A study is needed to demonstrate the feasibility and …

Spotlight On Once-Monthly Long-Acting Injectable Aripiprazole And Its Potential As Maintenance Treatment For Bipolar I Disorder In Adult Patients., Vanessa Torres-Llenza, Pooja Lakshmin, Daniel Z Lieberman

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

The lack of long-term medication adherence is a challenge in the treatment of bipolar disorder, particularly during the maintenance phase when symptoms are less prominent. The rate of nonadherence is ~20%-60% depending on how strict a definition is used. Nonadherence worsens the course of bipolar disorder and can add hundreds of thousands of dollars to the lifetime cost of treating the illness. Long-acting injectable (LAI) medication is an attractive alternative to daily dosing of oral medication, especially among patients who are ambivalent about treatment. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence for the safety and efficacy of …

Mesotocin Influences Pinyon Jay Prosociality, J. F. Duque, W. Leichner, H. Ahmann, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Many species exhibit prosocial behavior , in which one individual’s actions benefit another individual, often without an immediate benefit to itself. The neuropeptide oxytocin is an important hormonal mechanism influencing prosociality in mammals, but it is unclear whether the avian homologue mesotocin plays a similar functional role in birds. Here, we experimentally tested prosociality in pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus), a highly social corvid species that spontaneously shares food with others. First, we measured prosocial preferences in a prosocial choice task with two different pay-off distributions: Prosocial trials delivered food to both the subject and either an empty cage …

Pre-Sleep Routines In Adult Normal Sleepers, Jean Koketsu

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects

Sleep is the most important restorative occupation, and pre-sleep routines, which precede sleep, have not been explored in normal adult sleepers. Routines are an important construct in occupational therapy, but it is not well-researched.

The purpose of this project is to add to the body of knowledge regarding pre-sleep routines through description by normal sleepers. This research can inform occupational therapists in regard to the usual patterns and dynamics of pre-sleep routines. Open systems theory, a grounded theory approach, and graphic and interview methods were used in this qualitative study.

Participants were 16 adults, between the ages of 23 and …

The Moderating Relationship Of Comorbid Psychopathology And Treatment Outcome For Young Adult Offenders In Drug Court, Patrick Mcgonigal, Kathleen A. Moore, Matthew Scott Young

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

Title: The moderating relationship of comorbid psychopathology and treatment outcome for young adult offenders in drug court.

Background: The drug court system is an alternative to incarceration that provides offenders with non-violent, substance motivated crimes with an opportunity to dismiss their charges and undergo a rigorous substance abuse treatment program. It is unknown whether drug court is effective for young adult clients and the role of co-occurring psychopathology within this context.

Methods: This study evaluated the overall effectiveness of a drug court system applied to young adult offenders ages 18-26, and additionally explored the moderating relationship of psychiatric symptoms on …

Wecan! A 12-Month Evaluation Of A Drug Court Treatment Program Serving Females Addicted To Prescription Drugs, Kathleen A. Moore, M. Scott Young

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

Prescription drug abuse represents a national public health concern. This study reports on 12-month outcomes of a drug court treatment program for 102 female offenders addicted to prescription drugs. The program utilized two evidence-based treatment models (i.e., Motivational Enhancement Therapy/Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-12 and Seeking Safety). In addition, participants were required to attend monthly judicial reviews, weekly AA/NA groups, and two random drug screens per week. Participants were interviewed at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Analyses examined self-reported substance use, traumatic experiences, criminal justice involvement, readiness to change, and therapeutic alliance. Participants reported significant decreases in substance use, increased readiness to change, …

The Duration Of Untreated Psychosis: A Phenomenological Study, Sarah R. Kamens, Larry Davidson, Emily Hyun, Nev Jones, Jill G. Morawski, Matthew M. Kurtz, Jessica Pollard, Gerrit Ian Van Schalkwyk, Vinrod Srihari

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

Mounting evidence has indicated that early intervention leads to improved clinical and functional outcomes for young persons experiencing recent onset psychosis. As part of a large early detection campaign, the present study aimed to investigate subjective experiences during the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), or time between psychosis onset and treatment contact. Participants were 10 young adults participating in early intervention services for psychosis. After DUP was estimated during standardized baseline assessment, participants engaged in qualitative interviews focused on their life experiences prior to treatment and leading up to the present. Mixed methods data analyses compared standardized DUP estimates with …