Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

How Can I Get Covid?: Understanding Diferences In American Heterosexual And Sexual Minority Men’S Risk Perception, Devon M. Price, Amanda N. Gesselman, Rachel A. Fikslin, Alison J. Goldberg, Omaima Pervez, Mora A. Reinka, Elissia Franklin

Publications and Research

Men are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infections compared to women, but their risk perceptions around COVID-19 are persis - tently lower. Further, men often engage in less health promotion behavior because self-care in this capacity is seen as weak or less masculine. This combination has consequences for mortality; thus, a better understanding of men’s COVID-19 cognitions and individual diference factors is critical. In a web-based survey conducted during the beginning stages of the pandemic in the U.S., we collected risk perceptions of various sexual and non-sexual behaviors from heterosexual ( n = 137) and gay/bisexual men ( n = 108). …

Correlates Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Anxiety Among Adults In Appalachia, Usa, Ram Lakhan, Louisa Summers, David Tataw, Peter Hackbert, Manoj Sharma

Social and Behavioral Health Faculty Research

Background: Anxiety problems have increased in the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. However, very little is known about the anxiety rates in the new normal phase of the disease when adults have been assumed to be adjusted. The study aimed to find out the difference in anxiety in a convenience sample of Appalachian adults during the new normal phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, examine its association with sociodemographic factors, and compare it with the anxiety levels before the pandemic as recalled by the participants. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale was used in the present study. The …

Changes In Utilization Of Birth Control And Prep During Covid‑19 In The Usa: A Mixed‑Method Analysis, Rachel A. Fikslin, Alison J. Goldberg, Amanda N. Gesselman, Mora A. Reinka, Omaima Pervez, Elissia T. Franklin, Olivia Ahn, Devon M. Price

Publications and Research

In the USA, the COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges beyond the direct consequences of the infection. Because of shifting resources in response to need, many domains within the healthcare sector unrelated to COVID-19 have had inter - rupted abilities to provide care. In the current study, we focus on preventative sexual health care during the pandemic. In a sample of 511 (mean age = 27.7) people, we examined quantitative data regarding continuation and discontinuation of birth control and PrEP during the pandemic, along with qualitative data illustrating the underlying reasons for participants’ (dis) continuation. Results showed that most (92.5%) of …

Apathy Is Not Associated With A Panel Of Biomarkers In Older Adults With Hiv Disease, Steven Paul Woods, Jennifer L Thompson, Michelle A Babicz, Lokesh Shahani, Gabriela Delevati Colpo, Natalia P Rocha, Erin E Morgan, Antonio L Teixeira

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Apathy is prevalent in HIV disease and can significantly impact personal well-being; however, little is known about its neurobiological substrates in persons with HIV (PWH) disease.

METHODS: This cross-sectional, correlational study examined the association between apathy and several plasma biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, kynurenine, tryptophan, quinolinic acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain, and phosphorylated tau at position threonine 181) in 109 PWH and 30 seronegative participants ages 50 and older. Apathy was measured with a composite score derived from subscales of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and the Profile of Mood States.

RESULTS: …

Feasibility Of A Sensor-Controlled Digital Game For Heart Failure Self-Management: Randomized Controlled Trial, Kavita Radhakrishnan, Christine Julien, Tom Baranowski, Matthew O'Hair, Grace Lee, Atami Sagna De Main, Catherine Allen, Bindu Viswanathan, Edison Thomaz, Miyong Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Poor self-management of heart failure (HF) contributes to devastating health consequences. Our innovative sensor-controlled digital game (SCDG) integrates data from sensors to trigger game rewards, progress, and feedback based on the real-time behaviors of individuals with HF.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare daily weight monitoring and physical activity behavior adherence by older adults using an SCDG intervention versus a sensors-only intervention in a feasibility randomized controlled trial.

METHODS: English-speaking adults with HF aged 55 years or older who owned a smartphone and could walk unassisted were recruited from Texas and Oklahoma from November 2019 to …

Neurodevelopmental Processes In The Prefrontal Cortex Derailed By Chronic Hiv-1 Viral Protein Exposure, Kristen A. Mclaurin, Hailong Li, Rosemarie M. Booze, Charles F. Mactutus

Faculty Publications

Due to the widespread access to, and implementation of, combination antiretroviral therapy, individuals perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are living into adolescence and adulthood. Perinatally infected adolescents living with HIV-1 (pALHIV) are plagued by progressive, chronic neurocognitive impairments; the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these deficits, however, remain understudied. A longitudinal experimental design from postnatal day (PD) 30 to PD 180 was utilized to establish the development of pyramidal neurons, and associated dendritic spines, from layers II-III of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) and control animals. Three putative neuroinflammatory markers (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, and …

Impact Of Forensic Medical Evaluations On Immigration Relief Grant Rates And Correlates Of Outcomes In The United States., Holly G. Atkinson, Katarzyna Wyka, Kathryn Hampton, Christian Seno, Elizabeth Yim, Deborah Ottenheimer, Nermeen Arastu

Publications and Research

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of forensic medical evaluations on grant rates for applicants seeking immigration relief in the United States (U.S.) and to identify significant correlates of grant success. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2584 cases initiated by Physicians for Human Rights between 2008-2018 that included forensic medical evaluations, and found that 81.6% of applicants for various forms of immigration relief were granted relief, as compared to the national asylum grant rate of 42.4%. Among the study’s cohort, the majority (73.7%) of positive outcomes were grants of asylum. A multivariable regression analysis revealed …

A Prospective Examination Of Sex Differences In Posttraumatic Autonomic Functioning, Antonia Seligowski, Elizabeth Steuber, Rebecca Hinrichs, Mariam Reda, Charis Wiltshire, Cassandra Wanna, Sterling Winters, Karlye Phillips, Stacey House, Francesca Beaudoin, Xinming An, Jennifer Stevens, Donglin Zeng, Thomas Neylan, Gari Clifford, Sarah Linnstaedt, Laura Germine, Kenneth Bollen, Guia Guffanti, Scott Rauch, John Haran, Alan Storrow, Brittany Punches, Michael Kurz, Vishnu Murty, Meghan Mcgrath, Lauren Hudak, Jose Pascual, Mark Seamon, Elizabeth Datner, Anna Marie Chang, Claire Pearson, David Peak, Roland Merchant, Robert Domeier, Niels Rathlev, Brian O'Neil, Leon Sanchez, Steven Bruce, Mark Miller, Robert Pietrzak, Jutta Joormann, Deanna Barch, Diego Pizzagalli, John Sheridan, Beatriz Luna, Steven Harte, James Elliott, Karestan Koenen, Ronald Kessler, Samuel Mclean, Kerry Ressler, Tanja Jovanovic

Psychology Faculty Works

BackgroundCross-sectional studies have found that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit deficits in autonomic functioning. While PTSD rates are twice as high in women compared to men, sex differences in autonomic functioning are relatively unknown among trauma-exposed populations. The current study used a prospective design to examine sex differences in posttraumatic autonomic functioning.Methods192 participants were recruited from emergency departments following trauma exposure (Mean age = 35.88, 68.2% female). Skin conductance was measured in the emergency department; fear conditioning was completed two weeks later and included measures of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and high frequency heart rate variability …

A Blue Christmas? Celebrating With Those Who Are Suffering Loss, Pain And Isolation., Chris Kan

Pastoral Liturgy

No abstract provided.

Measuring The Effects Of Social Isolation And Dissatisfaction On Depressive Symptoms During The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role Of Sleep And Physical Activity, Ivan Vargas, Erin Kaye Howie, Alexandria Muench, Michael L. Perlis

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Social distancing was universally implemented to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Long-term social distancing can lead to increased feelings of social isolation or dissatisfaction with one's daily interpersonal interactions, which can subsequently result in reduced psychological health (e.g., greater depression). The present study quantified this association, and the extent to which it was moderated by measures of sleep and physical activity, by surveying 3658 adults (mean age = 46.0 years) from across the United States. Participants answered questions related to their social experiences, sleep, physical activity, and depressive symptoms during the early stages of the pandemic (March-June 2020). …

Identifying App-Based Meditation Habits And The Associated Mental Health Benefits: Longitudinal Observational Study, Chad Stecher, Vincent Berardi, Ryan Fowers, Jaclyn Christ, Yunro Chung, Jennifer Huberty

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Behavioral habits are often initiated by contextual cues that occur at approximately the same time each day; so, it may be possible to identify a reflexive habit based on the temporal similarity of repeated daily behavior. Mobile health tools provide the detailed, longitudinal data necessary for constructing such an indicator of reflexive habits, which can improve our understanding of habit formation and help design more effective mobile health interventions for promoting healthier habits.

Objective: This study aims to use behavioral data from a commercial mindfulness meditation mobile phone app to construct an indicator of reflexive meditation habits …

Mitophagy In Depression: Pathophysiology And Treatment Targets, Ashutosh Tripathi, Giselli Scaini, Tatiana Barichello, João Quevedo, Anilkumar Pillai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mitochondria, the 'powerhouse' of eukaryotic cells, play a key role in cellular homeostasis. However, defective mitochondria increase mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, leading to increased inflammation. Mitophagy is a vital pathway, which selectively removes defective mitochondria through the process of autophagy. Thus, an impairment in the mitophagy pathway might trigger the gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggest that inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of depression. In this article, we have reviewed the role of impaired mitophagy as a contributing factor in depression pathophysiology. Further, we have discussed the potential …

Analysis Of Covid-19 Infection And Mortality Among Patients With Psychiatric Disorders, 2020, Antonio L Teixeira, Trudy Millard Krause, Lopita Ghosh, Lokesh Shahani, Rodrigo Machado-Vieira, Scott D Lane, Eric Boerwinkle, Jair C Soares

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: People with major psychiatric disorders are more likely to have comorbidities associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19. This fact alone could determine greater vulnerability of people with major psychiatric disorders to COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the odds of testing positive for and mortality from COVID-19 among and between patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders and a reference group in a large national database.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used an electronic health record data set aggregated from many national sources in the United States and licensed from Optum with current and historical data on patients tested …

Citalopram For Treatment Of Cocaine Use Disorder: A Bayesian Drop-The-Loser Randomized Clinical Trial, Robert Suchting, Charles E Green, Constanza De Dios, Jessica Vincent, F Gerard Moeller, Scott D Lane, Joy M Schmitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Medication development research for cocaine use disorder (CUD) has been a longstanding goal in addiction research, but has not resulted in an FDA-approved treatment. Rising cocaine use rates underscore the need for efficient adaptive designs. This study compared differences between two doses of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (versus placebo) on duration of cocaine abstinence and applied adaptive decision rules to select the 'best efficacy' dose.

METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized Bayesian drop-the-loser (DTL) trial with three arms compared placebo to citalopram 20 mg and 40 mg. Adults (N = 107) with CUD attended thrice-weekly clinic visits …

Strong Star And The Consortium To Alleviate Ptsd: Shaping The Future Of Combat Ptsd And Related Conditions In Military And Veteran Populations, Alan L Peterson, Stacey Young-Mccaughan, John D Roache, Jim Mintz, Brett T Litz, Douglas E Williamson, Patricia A Resick, Edna B Foa, Donald D Mcgeary, Katherine A Dondanville, Daniel J Taylor, Jennifer Schuster Wachen, Peter T Fox, Craig J Bryan, Carmen P Mclean, Kristi E Pruiksma, Jeffrey S Yarvis, Barbara L Niles, Chadi G Abdallah, Lynnette A Averill, Sudie E Back, Monty T Baker, Tabatha H Blount, Adam M Borah, Elisa V Borah, Matthew S Brock, Lily A Brown, Matthew M Burg, Jeffrey A Cigrang, Bryann B Debeer, Ellen R Devoe, Brooke A Fina, Julianne C Flanagan, Steffany J Fredman, Cubby L Gardner, Robert R Gatchel, Jeffrey L Goodie, Ralitza Gueorguieva, Jay B Higgs, Vanessa M Jacoby, Kevin M Kelly, John H Krystal, M Danet Lapiz-Bluhm, Argelio L López-Roca, Brian P Marx, Douglas M Maurer, Meghan E Mcdevitt-Murphy, Cindy A Mcgeary, Eric C Meyer, Shannon R Miles, Candice M Monson, David A Morilak, John C Moring, Vincent Mysliwiec, Karin L Nicholson, Sheila A M Rauch, David S Riggs, Craig S Rosen, M David Rudd, Richard P Schobitz, Christian C Schrader, Antoinette M Shinn, Paulo R Shiroma, Denise M Sloan, Stephen L Stern, Randy Strong, Steven D Vannoy, Keith A Young, Terence M Keane, Strong Star Consortium And The Consortium To Alleviate Ptsd

Staff and Researcher Publications

The STRONG STAR Consortium (South Texas Research Organizational Network Guiding Studies on Trauma and Resilience) and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD are interdisciplinary and multi-institutional research consortia focused on the detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid conditions in military personnel and veterans. This manuscript outlines the consortia's state-of-the-science collaborative research model and how this can be used as a roadmap for future trauma-related research. STRONG STAR was initially funded for 5 years in 2008 by the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD) Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury Research Program. Since the initial funding …

Patient Characteristics And Emergency Treatment Orders In Three Florida Inpatient Psychiatric Units, France M. Leandre, Hong Liang, Sarah Fayad, Michael Johnson

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Florida law defines emergency treatment orders (ETOs) as an immediate administration of psychotropic medications to a person to expeditiously treat symptoms that may present an immediate danger to the safety of the person or others.1 There is currently little information on who receives ETOs. In this study, we aim to explore correlations between patients’ demographics and administering ETOs in order to understand this cohort, which could allow for improved services and alternative interventions.

Methods

This retrospective study examined data from 1,460 adult patients who were admitted to an acute inpatient psychiatric unit from January 2015 to December 2017 and …

Examining Additive And Synergistic Relations Between Preschool Self-Regulation And Executive Function Skills: Predictions To Academic Outcomes, Jennifer K. Finders, Robert J. Duncan, Irem Korucu, Lindsey B. Bryant, David J. Purpura, Sara A. Schmitt

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

In the present study, we examined the extent to which teacher-rated self-regulation and directly assessed executive function skills were independently, additively, or synergistically related to academic achievement during the transition to kindergarten. The sample included 126 children (42% female; Mage = 4.73 years) from families with low incomes who participated in a larger evaluation of state-funded preschool. Regression models with children nested in their respective preschool classrooms investigated main effects and moderated effects of teacher-rated self-regulation skills manifested in preschool classroom behaviors and cognitive executive function skills assessed through direct assessments on math, literacy, and vocabulary in the spring of …

Walking Your Brain To Better Ideas: The Effects Of An Acute Bout Of Exercise On Creativity, Alexis Swingendorf

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Breaking Down The Impact Of Resilience On Mental Health: An Analysis Utilizing The Resilience Scale For Adults, Sydney K. Cook

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Resilience is the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties, and previous studies have determined that resilience has a relationship with mental health. However, the association of each aspect of resilience on mental health, depression, and adverse childhood events (ACEs) have not been closely examined. Discerning which aspects of resilience are associated with mental health issues, depression, and ACEs can help psychiatric nurses determine effective treatments and interventions for at-risk patients.

One hundred ninety-five community-dwelling participants (ages 18 to 89) were invited to Purdue University in Indiana and Scripps College in California for the study. Participants completed the Resilience Scale for …

Understanding Parents' Views Toward The Newly Enacted Hpv Vaccine School Entry Policy In Puerto Rico: A Qualitative Study, Vivian Colón-López, Diana T. Medina-Laabes, Roxana Soto Abreu, Olga L. Díaz Miranda, Ana P. Ortiz, María E. Fernández, Pamela C. Hull

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) is an essential tool for the prevention of HPV-related cancers. In Puerto Rico, the Secretary of Health established a school entry requirement of at least one dose of HPV vaccination in girls and boys aged 11 and 12 years, taking effect in August 2018. Our study aimed to examine parents' and guardians' views of unvaccinated children about the process of implementation of the new HPV vaccination school entry policy in Puerto Rico and identify potential barriers and facilitators related to the implementation of this requirement.

METHODS: During April through November 2019, we conducted three …