Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms Commons^™

Demographic Characteristics, Perinatal Smoking Patterns, And Risk For Neonatal Health Complications Among Pregnant Smokers In The United States Who Begin Using Electronic Cigarettes During Pregnancy: A Descriptive Study Using Population-Based Surveillance Data., Hui Nian, Rachel Odland, Samantha Mindlin, Lin Ammar, Hilary Tindle, Angela M Miller, Kelli K Ryckman, Ethan Xie, Tina V Hartert, Brittney M Snyder, Steven M Brunwasser, Pingsheng Wu

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

INTRODUCTION: Health agencies have called for research evaluating e-cigarette (EC) use in supporting prenatal smoking cessation. This study aimed to describe (1) the characteristics of smokers who begin using electronic cigarettes (ECs) during pregnancy, (2) how frequently smokers reduce or eliminate pre- and post-natal combustible cigarette (CC) use, and (3) the risk for neonatal health complications among smokers who initiate ECs during pregnancy.

AIMS AND METHODS: Pregnant women using CCs exclusively during prepregnancy, who participated in a U.S. surveillance study, were classified by their reported late-pregnancy smoking behavior as CC-exclusive users, EC initiators, or quitters. EC initiators were further subclassified …

Why Do Early-Career Adult Reconstruction Surgeons Change Jobs? An American Association Of Hip And Knee Surgeons Young Arthroplasty Group Survey Study, Matan Ozery, Elizabeth G. Lieberman, Jenna A. Bernstein, Jesse I. Wolfstadt, David C. Landy, Claudia Leonardi, Anna Cohen-Rosenblum

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: There are high reported rates of burnout and job turnover among orthopedic surgeons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of job change among early-career adult reconstruction surgeons and to examine which demographic or practice factors influenced job change. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to all practicing surgeon members of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Young Arthroplasty Group. The survey included questions about practice type, demographics, job change, and a validated burnout questionnaire. Survey responses were collected using a secure database. Statistical analysis was performed to examine relationships between respondent characteristics and …

Diagnostic Overshadowing: A Delayed Diagnosis Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In A Deaf Child, Quynh-Chi Dang, Michael Hoffman, Rachel St. John

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

Diagnostic overshadowing occurs when a patient with a pre-existing diagnosis presents with symptoms that are attributed to the diagnosis, but actually reflect a separate issue. This diagnostic overshadowing can lead to delays in diagnosis, as well as disparities in health care and outcomes. The following case will provide an example in which diagnostic overshadowing contributed to the delay of an autism diagnosis in a child who is deaf. With at least 40 to 50% of children who are deaf or hard of hearing having at least one co-existing medical/developmental condition, and the current prevalence of autism at 1 in 36 …

Digital Education On Hospital Nutrition Diets: What Do Patients Want To Know?, Neha Gutta, Som Singh, Dharti Patel, Aleena Jamal, Fawad Qureshi

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic nutrition plays an imperative role during a patient's hospital course. There is a tremendous body of literature that emphasizes the systematic delivery of information regarding hospital nutrition diets. A major component of delivering healthcare information is the principle of providing quality healthcare information, but this has not yet been investigated on hospital nutrition diets. This study aimed to evaluate the comprehension and readability of patient education materials regarding therapeutic hospital diets.

METHODOLOGY: The methodology employed the use of publicly available questions regarding hospital nutrition diets and categorized them per Rothwell's Classification of Questions. Additionally, the questions were extracted …

Increasing The Frequency Of Behavior Assessment To Reduce Physical Restraint, Breanne N. Ford

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Project Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to implement a system that routinely assesses for behavior changes in psychiatric patients presenting to the emergency department to improve staff intervention of escalating behaviors and decrease physical restraint use.

Background: The project was implemented in a 45-bed emergency department in a community-based hospital affiliated with a large hospital system in Houston, Texas.

Methodology: The project utilizes the Behavioral Activity Rating Scale (BARS) to assess patients' behaviors at routine intervals throughout shifts and a comfort cart that houses several non-pharmacological intervention items to use to de-escalate adverse behaviors. The staff …

Emotional Display Rules Of Deaf Culture, Nicholas M. Gala, Lawrence Pick

JADARA

Emotional display rules refer to the expression of culturally prescribed and socially acceptable emotions across different people and situations (Wu & Schulz, 2020). The display rules among hearing adults across several cultures are well defined and depend on the type of emotion, the individuals involved in the exchange, and the situation. Regarding Deaf culture in the United States, this minoritized group may follow unique display rules (Hosie et al., 2000), but there has been almost no research conducted with this population and the existing studies have focused on youth. The present study explores perceived emotional expressions among a sample of …

Emotional Overeating And Eating Motives During Covid-19 In Polish Women: Intergroup Comparison Among Participants In Various Body Mass Index Categories, Adriana Modrzejewska, Justyna Modrzejewska, Kamila Czepczor-Bernat, Julia Wyszomirska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: Taking into account the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ac-companying lockdown resulting in increased negative emotions, it is interesting to learn about eating motives and behaviors and check their intensity. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between Polish women in various body mass index categories in terms of eating motives and emotional overeating during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: This study sample comprised 1,447 women (M_age = 31.34 ± 11.05; M_BMI = 23.79 ± 4.59). The research used the following tools: the Eating Motivation Survey, the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, and …

Harnessing The Power Of Integrated Behavioral Health To Enhance Insomnia Intervention In Primary Care, Rebecca L. Campbell, Ana Bridges

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Insomnia is prevalent in primary care and associated with co-morbid physical and mental health conditions and poor health outcomes. While there are effective treatments for insomnia in specialty mental health care, many patients have difficulty accessing these interventions. To begin, patients do not always report their sleep challenges to physicians; meanwhile, primary care providers often do not screen for insomnia symptoms. Furthermore, patients may experience several barriers to accessing specialty care for insomnia treatment, such as a limited number of available providers, financial burden, lack of transportation, and low perceptions of treatment effectiveness. Primary care behavioral health (PCBH) is well-equipped …

Sex-Dependent Gene Expression Alterations In Social Defeat Stress Model Of Major Depression Disorder, Juan Diego Torres, Javier Vargas Medrano, Anapaula Themann, Elias Arellano Villanueva, Nina Mourao, Megan W. Szobody, Tori Sayers, Sriya Gullapalli, Tyler Torres, Sridhar Srinivasan, Anesu Karen Murambadoro, Kory Deshawn Punch, Kevin Valdez Garcia, Nikhilesh Anand, Kelsey Baker, Sergio Iniguez, Bharathi Shrikanth Gadad

Research Colloquium

Introduction: Major Depression Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, recurrent, and chronic disorder that represents a leading cause of disability worldwide. Millions are affected with symptoms that go from constant sadness to even suicidal thoughts. In the U.S., major depression and fatal suicide have increased by 57.4% among adolescents and young adults. Myelin and inflammation-related genes have been found to play a role in individuals with MDD.

Methods: Adolescent males and females C57BL/6 mice underwent a vicarious defeat stress (VDS) procedure in which a mouse witnessed a conspecific being defeated. VDS and control (CON) mice underwent the Social Interaction (SI) test. …

Physiological And Communicative Emotional Disconcordance In Children On The Autism Spectrum, Emma Finkel, Eric Sah, Mckenna Spaulding, John Herrington, Liza Tomczuk, Aaron Masino, Xueqin Pang, Anushua Bhattacharya, Darren Hedley, Yelena Kushleyeva, Phoebe Thomson, Natalie Doppelt, Jessica Tan, Jeffrey Pennington, Cheryl Dissanayake, Christopher Bonafide, Heather Nuske

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

BACKGROUND: Individuals on the autism spectrum commonly have differences from non-autistic people in expressing their emotions using communicative behaviors, such as facial expressions. However, it is not yet clear if this reduced expressivity stems from reduced physiological reactivity in emotional contexts or if individuals react internally, but do not show these reactions externally to others. We hypothesized that autism is characterized by a discordance between in-the-moment internal psychophysiological arousal and external communicative expressions of emotion.

METHODS: Forty-one children on the autism spectrum and 39 non-autistic, typically developing (TD) children of two age groups (2-4 and 8-12 years) participated in a …

Impact Of A Suicide Prevention Learning Module For Firearm Training Courses In Louisiana, Claire Houtsma, Lauren Reyes, Katherine Macwilliams, Gala True

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Firearm suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. Suicide prevention experts have advocated for upstream interventions that can be implemented prior to the development of suicidal thoughts, particularly those that focus on lethal means safety (LMS; e.g., increasing secure firearm storage). To reach firearm owners with LMS messaging, researchers have developed suicide prevention training content which can be incorporated into firearm training courses. However, no study to date has evaluated impact of such training on firearm course students’ subsequent knowledge, attitudes, and openness related to secure firearm storage. Thus, the current study sought to examine …

Correspondence To "A Preliminary Study Of Collaborative Group Intervention With Recovered Peer Supporters For Eating Disorders: Analyses Including Comparisons Between In-Person And Online Sessions", Nirjal Thapa, Don D Shamilov, David F Lo

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

We read with pleasure the article by Mochizuki et al., ¹ titled “A preliminary study of collaborative group intervention with recovered peer supporters for eating disorders: Analyses including comparisons between in‐person and online sessions.” We would like to offer additional commentary on the conclusions regarding group intervention and peer support and its heavy influence on combating eating disorders. We hope these perspectives may provide insight into areas that may require further research and improvement.

Digital Health Research Symposium: Closing Panel Commentary, Judd E. Hollander, Kristin L. Rising, Brian M. Dougan

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Adverse Childhood Experiences And Effects On Delinquency, Katherine Lank

Master of Arts in Human Services

Youth involved in delinquent acts are seen interacting with the juvenile justice system at an alarming rate. Adverse childhood experiences influence the development of behavior and chances of taking risks. Children who grow up in a household with an unfit parent, substance abuse, or mental health disorders are seen turning to delinquent acts for gratification. This can have a higher chance of poor educational performance, unemployment, increased law enforcement interactions, and long-term mental and physical disabilities. Searching literature consisted of finding external factors and their control on brain development and future adult behaviors. Research was conducted on the school-to-prison pipeline, …

Building A More Resilient Physician Assistant Student: Suggestions For Implementing Mindfulness-Based Training Into Didactic Education, Sarah Cornell

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Burnout affects a high number of healthcare providers and compromises both provider and patient wellbeing. In addition to high turnover rates, burnout costs healthcare systems through errors, poor care outcomes, and decreased patient satisfaction. Mindfulness-based therapy delivered by phone apps has been successful in improving stress levels and burnout measures. Based on similar research with medical students, physician assistant students may benefit from early stress-reduction interventions, although the research surrounding implementation and long-term follow up is lacking.

Objective: This cross-sectional study looks at burnout rates across three cohorts at a single Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies program …

Peer Support For Second Victims In The Healthcare Setting, Levi Gangi

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Adverse and traumatic events happen regularly in healthcare settings, and often they create a clinician “second victim” who struggles with feelings of guilt, isolation, doubt, and incompetence. Research has shown that clinicians desire support in the wake of such adverse events, but that factors such as stigma, culture of perfection, and lack of an available structured peer program limit the support that might be offered. Healthcare institutions contract with EAP (employee assistance program) agencies to provide counseling for employees, but it is more likely that a second victim will seek out or welcome help first from a peer who shares …

Affect Regulation And Allostatic Load Over Time, Amanda E. Ng, Tara Gruenewald, Robert-Paul Juster, Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective

Emerging work suggests that affect regulation strategies (e.g., active coping, anger expression) predict disease and mortality risk, with sometimes divergent estimates by sex or education levels. However, few studies have examined potential underlying biological mechanisms. This study assessed the longitudinal association of affect regulation with future allostatic load.

Method

In 2004–2006, 574 participants from the Midlife in the United States study completed validated scales assessing use of nine general and emotion-specific regulatory strategies (e.g., denial, anger expression). As a proxy for how flexibly participants regulate their affect, variability in the use of regulatory strategies was operationalized using a standard …

Evaluating Attitudes On Health-Seeking Behavior Among A Network Of People Who Inject Drugs, Ayako Shimada, Ashley Buchanan, Natallia Katenka, Benjamin Skov, Gabrielle Lemire, Stephen Kogut, Samuel Friedman

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

People who inject drugs (PWID) are often members of HIV/AIDS risk networks, where individuals engage in sexual and injection risk behavior. Engagement in HIV care is important for this population. Low socioeconomic status, stigmatization, and lack of access to medical care often complicate successful engagement in the HIV cascade of care for PWID. This study investigates how individual’s attitudes about how much control they have over HIV/AIDS risk in their life (i.e., locus of control and self-blame) affect health-seeking behavior in PWID participants and their community members. We applied causal inference methodology to PWID HIV risk networks ascertained from the …

Psychological Pitfalls Of The Modern Percussionist: A Survey Of Coping Mechanisms For Downward Spirals In Mental Health, Andrew Naughton

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This document explores three key facets of mental health significantly impacting percussionists in both educational and professional settings: Imposter Syndrome, sleep deprivation, and stress management. The primary focus is to understand the impact of these psychological conditions on percussionists and discover effective approaches to prevent, alleviate, or manage these ailments. This document is divided into four sections. The initial section delineates the concept of “Imposter Syndrome” and discusses its various manifestations as encountered by percussionists in both educational and professional environments. The second section discusses the consequences of sleep deprivation on mental well-being when it is disregarded. The third section …

Moral Disengagement And The Tendency To Engage In Academic Dishonesty In Prelicensure Nursing Students, Sarah Guimaraes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite decades of research, academic dishonesty remains a significant concern in nursing education. The connection of academic dishonesty to dishonest clinical practice presents a moral imperative for nurse researchers to find new facets of understanding these phenomena. Literature regarding moral disengagement in health care is minimal and is even less prevalent in the context of nursing education. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of moral disengagement on prelicensure nursing students’ tendencies to engage in academic dishonesty in their last or next to last semester of a nursing program. A correlational design via survey method was used. …