Mental and Social Health Commons^™

Attachment Dynamics As A Precursor For Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors In Emerging Adulthood (18-25 Years Old), Eimileanne Delaney

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This study explored the relationship between attachment and sexual risk-taking behaviors in emerging adulthood. Understanding and identifying the variables that influence sexual risk behaviors are important to the design and implementation of therapeutic interventions and psychoeducation. It was hypothesized that there is a statistically significant relationship between attachment and increased levels of sexual risk-taking behaviors in emerging adults. To investigate the research hypothesis, this study used a quantitative correlational design to examine the relationship(s) between the variables. The participants completed three online questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, the Sexual Risk Survey (SRS), and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ). Results suggested that there …

There’S More To The Story: Both Individual And Collective Policy Narratives Can Increase Support For Community-Level Action, Chris Skurka, Jeff Niederdeppe, Liana Winett

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Narratives can convey the need or community-level action to address social problems. Yet narratives often tell stories about specific individuals rather than the broader collectives these problems affect. Some theorists argue that individualizing collective problems inhibits audiences from recognizing upstream causes and solutions. This study tested how narrative individualization (whether a story focuses on an individual case or a larger collective) might produce trade-offs when mobilizing support for community-level policies to address childhood obesity. We also investigated whether narratives using language congruent with political partisans’ morals (equity or loyalty) might minimize polarized responses to such narratives. A large, Web-based experiment …

Gut Carriage Of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes In Women Exposed To Small-Scale Poultry Farms In Rural Uganda: A Feasibility Study, Ana A. Weil, Meti D. Debela, Daniel M. Muyanja, Bernard Kakuhikire, Charles Baguma, David Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai, Peggy S. Lai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Antibiotic use for livestock is presumed to be a contributor to the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in humans, yet studies do not capture AMR data before and after livestock introduction.

Methods: We performed a feasibility study by recruiting a subset of women in a delayed-start randomized controlled trial of small-scale chicken farming to examine the prevalence of clinically-relevant AMR genes. Stool samples were obtained at baseline and one year post-randomization from five intervention women who received chickens at the start of the study, six control women who did not receive chickens until the end of the study, …

Strong Men, Strong Communities: Design Of A Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Diabetes Prevention Intervention For American Indian And Alaska Native Men, Ka‘Imi Sinclair, Cara Carty, Kelly L. Gonzales, Cassandra Nikolaus, Lucas Gillespie, Dedra Buchwald

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Type 2 diabetes is a serious global epidemic that disproportionately affects disadvantaged populations. American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) have the highest rates of diabetes in the nation with a prevalence of 14.7% in 2018, more than twice that of non-Hispanic Whites. AI/AN men have the highest prevalence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes (14.5%) compared to non-Hispanic Black (11.4%), non-Hispanic Asian (10.0%), and non-Hispanic White (8.6%) men. Several landmark clinical trials have shown that lifestyle interventions can effectively prevent or delay the onset of diabetes among those at risk, including in AIs/ANs. Despite positive outcomes for AIs/ANs in these studies, …

Annual Wellness Visits And Influenza Vaccinations Among Older Adults In The Us, Terese Sara Hoj Jørgensen, Heather G. Allore, Miriam R. Elman, Corey L. Nagel, Mengran Zhang, Sheila Markwardt, Ana R. Quiñones

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives

Investigate whether combinations of sociodemographic factors, chronic conditions, and other health indicators pose barriers for older adults to access Annual Wellness Visits (AWVs) and influenza vaccinations.

Methods

Data on 4999 individuals aged ≥65 years from the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study linked with Medicare claims were analyzed. Conditional Inference Tree (CIT) and Random Forest (CIRF) analyses identified the most important predictors of AWVs and influenza vaccinations. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) was used to quantify the associations.

Results

Two-year uptake was 22.8% for AWVs and 65.9% for influenza vaccinations. For AWVs, geographical region and wealth emerged as …

Heart Rate Variability And Cardiovascular Adaptations Among Cancer-Survivors Following A 26-Week Exercise Intervention, Heather P. Tarleton

Health and Human Sciences Faculty Works

Cardiotoxicity as a result of cancer treatment contributes to autonomic dysfunction and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness among cancer survivors. These deleterious cardiovascular outcomes reduce the survival prognosis for cancer patients and contribute to poor quality of life among survivors. Exercise interventions have been shown as effective in mitigating treatment-related side effects. However, previously published interventions have not explored the potential for improvement in autonomic dysfunction (heart rate variability, HRV). This study examined cardiovascular adaptations in cancer survivors (n = 76) who participated in a 26-week intervention consisting of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART). The most noteworthy improvements occurred during the …

Home Health Care Resource Binder: A User-Friendly Guide For Crossroads Hospice And Palliative Care, Deanna Eder

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Patients and families searching for home health care need accurate information regarding the community resources available to them to promote aging in place and to maintain their quality of life. In connection to the social workers at Crossroads Hospice and Palliative Care, the researcher identified a need for a centralized source of up-to-date information regarding local home health care agencies due to the current resource deficit. Social workers and other health care professionals are expected to benefit from a concise list of resources readily available to provide their patients and families with adequate support to make informed decisions about a …

Proposing The Mindful Check-In: A Brief Mindfulness Exercise, Michael Viveiros

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

This study investigated the effectiveness and adherence rate of the mindful check-in compared to a traditional mindfulness exercise. This study compared the effects of a traditional mindful breathing exercise and a no-treatment control condition to the mindful check-in on measures of mindfulness, psychological flexibility, affect, compassion, and adherence to the proposed practice schedule. Statistical analyses showed that the mindful check-in reduced negative affect compared to the other two conditions, increased mindful ability on one of the two measures of mindfulness, had a marginally-significant increase in psychological flexibility, and reduced fear of receiving compassion from others and giving compassion to yourself. …

Prevalence Of Illicit Tobacco Use And Tobacco Tax Avoidance In Pregnancy, Brendan P. Mcdonnell, Robert Mccausland, Sheila Keogan, Luke Clancy, Carmen Regan

Articles

Background Smoking during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Tobacco tax avoidance and tax evasion undermine the effectiveness of tobacco tax policies, resulting in cheaper prices for smokers and increased tobacco usage. Aims The purpose of this study was to explore the purchasing habits of pregnant smokers with regard to tobacco expenditure and
use of illicit tobacco. Methods Prospective cohort study. Face to face interviews were conducted with 90 attendees (age range 18–42 years; mean age
28 years) of a smoking cessation antenatal clinic in a large Irish tertiary level maternity hospital. Information regarding smoking habits, quantity …

Assessment Of Self-Reported Mental Health And Acculturation Stress Among Foreign-Born And U.S.-Born Latinos In Immokalee, Florida: A Pilot Study, Payal Kahar, Lirio K. Negroni

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

The population of Immokalee in Southwest Florida is 75% Latinos, with nearly half being foreign-born. Several documented stressors contribute to poor mental health among Latinos. However, little is known about Latinos’ mental health in this region. This study sought to assess self-rated mental health (SRMH) and acculturation stress (AS) and predict SRMH based on stress from life events, AS, sociodemographic characteristics, and social support among U.S.-born and foreign-born Latinos. Face-to-face interviews and assisted self-administered surveys were used to collect information among 158 Latinos on sociodemographic characteristics, AS, major life events that caused stress, social support, and SRMH. AS was elicited …

Identifying And Addressing Barriers To Treatment For Child Sexual Abuse Survivors And Their Non-Offending Caregivers, Kate Theimer, Akemi E. Mii, Emily Sonnen, Kelsey Mccoy, Katie Meidlinger, Brittany Biles, T. Zachary Huit, Mary F. Flood, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Mental health treatment is a critical part of an effective and compassionate response to the disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA). Given the vast negative consequences for children and families following CSA, engagement in treatment can benefit youth and their non-offending caregivers. Yet, these families face unique barriers to treatment initiation, adherence, and effectiveness. The identification of these barriers allows clinicians, researchers, and policy makers to increase treatment utilization, engagement, and value. The current review and its recommendations derive from the existing literature combined with knowledge gained from a clinical research team with more than 20 years of experience offering …

Listening To The Voices Of Community Health Workers: A Multilevel, Culture-Centered Approach To Overcoming Structural Barriers In U.S. Latinx Communities, Angela L. Palmer-Wackerly, Virginia Chaidez, Caitlyn Wayment, Jonathan Baker, Anthony Adams, Lorey A. Wheeler

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Community Health Workers (CHWs) are often incorporated into efforts to reduce health disparities for vulnerable populations. However, their voices are rarely the focus of research when considering how to increase their job effectiveness and sustainability. The current study addresses this gap by privileging the voices of 28 CHWs who work with Latinx communities in Nebraska through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Using a multilevel, Culture-Centered Approach (CCA) to Health Communication, we identified two key structural communication issues: (a) increasing language accommodation and (b) increasing (and stabilizing) network integration across three ecological levels of health behavior (individual, microsystem, and exosystem …

Effectiveness Of Reminders Via Messaging Apps In Improving Clinic Attendance And Medication Compliance Among Patients With Depression, Pei Teeng Low

Student Works (2020-2029)

Background: Non-attendance at clinic appointments and medication non-compliance are both common issues within psychiatric settings, with forgetting being specified as one the most common reasons. This phenomenon may be worse for patients who are suffering from depression. Thus, the use of regular reminders in some format for such patients could be potentially very beneficial. With cognizance of the exponential growth of smartphone usage and social media awareness during the past decade, a messaging apps maybe a potentially efficient and cost-effective method of sending such reminders in a healthcare setting. Objective: To determine the potential effectiveness of sending reminders via messaging …

Development Of A Protection Motivation Theory Based Questionnaire For Measuring Parental Digital Security Practice In Malaysia, Ismail Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz

Student Works (2020-2029)

Knowledge on parental digital security, which is the parental practice of maintaining the safety of their children online, is crucial to produce good digital citizens. Protection motivation theory (PMT) is a useful theoretical model for explaining protective behaviour and understanding this practice. Many studies and tools for exploring protective behaviour have been produced based on PMT, but there is no assessment tool available for assessing parents’ digital security practice in the Malaysian context. Thus, the development of an assessment tool that reflects Malaysian parents’ digital security practice based on established frameworks such as the PMT is essential. Therefore, this study …

Association Of Mental Health Literacy And Depression Symptoms Among Young Adolescents In Selangor, Lakha Singh Sarbhan Singh

Student Works (2020-2029)

Mental health literacy (MHL) relating to depression (depression literacy) is a multifaceted concept comprising of knowledge of depression, help seeking and stigma components, that plays an important role in depression outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association of depression literacy components namely knowledge of depression, help seeking, stigmatising attitudes and adequacy of depression literacy with depression symptoms among adolescent in Malaysia. This study reports on the common tools used to examine depression literacy, validation of the MHL and Stigma questionnaire and Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) Malay version questionnaire, findings of the depression literacy …

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Effectiveness Of Targeted Umbilical Cord Drug Screening In Determining Risk Of Withdrawal, Alecia Karr

DNP Projects

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a condition in which an infant experiences withdrawal from uterine exposure to various substances such as caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, THC, opioids, benzodiazepines, and other types of substances. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, these infants may experience a longer hospital stay and may need treatment and monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), resulting in an increase in healthcare costs. The objective of this project was to determine if targeted drug screening of newborns was effective in determining infants at risk of NAS based on a positive screening result. This study utilized a …

Evaluating Providers’ Perceptions On Preconception Care For Women With Sud, Corinna Hughes

DNP Projects

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) has become an epidemic. Women of reproductive age with SUDs have particularly complex healthcare needs including an increased risk of having an unintended pregnancy and associated sequela of negative birth outcomes (NBO). Little is known about how medication assisted treatment (MAT) providers are adequately addressing their unique needs. Identifying provider barriers and tools to address the reproductive needs of women with SUDs can optimize their health outcomes and prevent NBOs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate MAT Nurse Practitioners’ (NPs) knowledge and perceptions of providing preconception care to women with …

Anxiety And Depressive Symptoms Pre-Trauma As A Predictor Of Dissociative Symptoms Post-Trauma – An Aurora Study, Vishal Swaminathan

Phase 1

Introduction: Increased states of anxiety or depression may lead to increased occurrences of dissociative behavior, justifying the need to validate pre-traumatic cognitive states as a predictor of dissociation post-trauma. Early prediction can lead to medical intervention for high-risk patients and prevent potential adverse sequalae. The AURORA Study evaluates biomarkers and neuropsychological sequelae in patients immediately following traumatic events. We predict patients who suffered from depressive symptoms and anxiety prior to the traumatic event will experience increased dissociative symptoms post-trauma.

Methods: This study includes survey data collected at ED’s from survivors (n = 666) of traumatic motorized vehicle collisions (MVC) at …

Effects Of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome On Long-Term Growth Parameters, Ayoung Kim, Anastasiya Latushko, Md, Zubair H. Aghai, Md

Phase 1

Introduction: Past studies have shown that babies with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) have lower weight, head circumference, and height at birth. This study aims to compare their growth at 9 and 18 months of age, and to compare growth parameter of NAS infants below 10th percentile to those above 10th percentile at birth.

Methods: In this retrospective review, 260 infants admitted to Jefferson Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between 2006 and 2018 were included. The weight, height, and head circumference at birth, 9 months, and 18 months were collected and correlated by Pearson correlation. The growth parameters of infants below …

ความเหนื่อยล้าและปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับความเหนื่อยล้าของญาติผู้ดูแลผู้ป่วยมะเร็งระยะสุดท้าย, ชลดา แสงนาค

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาครั้งนี้เป็นการวิจัยแบบเชิงพรรณนา ณ จุดเวลาใดเวลาหนึ่ง เพื่อศึกษาถึงความเหนื่อยล้าและปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับความเหนื่อยล้าของญาติผู้ดูแลผู้ป่วยมะเร็งระยะสุดท้าย โดยมีกลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นญาติผู้ดูแลผู้ป่วยมะเร็งระยะสุดท้าย เป็นบุคคลที่มีความสัมพันธ์ทางสายเลือดกับผู้ป่วยมะเร็งระยะสุดท้ายจำนวน 194 คน เก็บข้อมูลระหว่างเดือนเมษายน ถึง เดือนมิถุนายน 2563 โดยคัดเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างจากแผนกผู้ป่วยนอก และที่คลินิกการแพทย์ผสมผสานผู้ป่วยมะเร็งและญาติ ณ โรงพยาบาลจุฬาภรณ์ ซึ่งมีคุณสมบัติตามที่กำหนด เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ประกอบด้วย แบบสอบถามข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล แบบสอบถามความเหนื่อยล้า แบบสอบถามภาวะทางสุขภาพกาย แบบสอบถามความเข้มแข็งในการมองโลก แบบสอบถามภาระในการดูแล และแบบสอบถามการสนับสนุนทางสังคม สถิติที่ใช้ได้แก่ สถิติเชิงพรรณนาเพื่อนำเสนอลักษณะทั่วไปของกลุ่มตัวอย่าง การแจกแจงจำนวน ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน สถิติเชิงอนุมานใช้อธิบายความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างตัวแปรปัจจัยส่วนบุคคลกับความเหนื่อยล้า และใช้สถิติวิเคราะห์ถดถอยพหุ เพื่อหาปัจจัยทำนายความเหนื่อยล้า โดยมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 ผลการศึกษาพบว่า กลุ่มตัวอย่างมีความเหนื่อยล้าโดยรวมอยู่ในระดับปานกลาง คิดเป็นร้อยละ 71.1 ซึ่งปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับความเหนื่อยล้าของญาติผู้ดูแลผู้ป่วยมะเร็งระยะสุดท้ายได้แก่ ชนิดมะเร็งของผู้ป่วย ชนิดการรักษาที่ผู้ป่วยได้รับตั้งแต่อดีตจนถึงปัจจุบัน จำนวนชั่วโมงที่ดูแลผู้ป่วย ลักษณะงานที่ช่วยดูแลผู้ป่วย ผู้ช่วยเหลือในการดูแลผู้ป่วย ภาวะทางสุขภาพกาย ความเข้มแข็งในการมองโลก ภาระในการดูแล และการสนับสนุนทางสังคม อีกทั้งการศึกษายังพบว่า ปัจจัยชนิดมะเร็งต่อมน้ำเหลือง การรักษาแบบประคับประคอง ชั่วโมงที่ให้การดูแลผู้ป่วย ภาวะทางสุขภาพกาย ปัจจัยภาระในการดูแล และปัจจัยการสนับสนุนทางสังคม ทั้ง 6 ตัวแปรสามารถทำนายความเหนื่อยล้าของญาติผู้ดูแลผู้ป่วยมะเร็งระยะสุดท้ายได้ร้อยละ 45.3 อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ การศึกษาครั้งนี้แสดงให้เห็นว่า จำนวนชั่วโมงที่ให้การดูแลผู้ป่วยน้อยกว่า 8 ชั่วโมงต่อวัน การลดลงของภาระในการดูแล การเพิ่มขึ้นของการรับรู้ภาวะทางสุขภาพกายของญาติผู้ดูแลรวมไปถึงการได้รับการสนับสนุนทางสังคม มีส่วนช่วยให้ญาติผู้ดูแลผู้ป่วยมะเร็งระยะสุดท้ายมีความเหนื่อยล้าจากการดูแลผู้ป่วยน้อยลง ผลการศึกษาครั้งนี้สามารถใช้เป็นข้อมูลให้บุคลากรทางการแพทย์หรือหน่วยงานที่เกี่ยวข้องพัฒนาแนวทางในการจัดการกับความเหนื่อยล้าและวางแผนในการช่วยเหลือทั้งผู้ป่วยและญาติผู้ดูแลได้อย่างเหมาะสมต่อไป