Medical Education Commons^™

Representation Of Women At Select Academic Ophthalmology Institutions In The United States, Hazem M Mousa, Camryn Thompson, Sri Meghana Konda, Keke Liu, Jay Rathinavelu, Terry Lee, Katherine Peters, Kevin J. Jackson, Laura Enyedi, Pratap Challa, Sharon Fekrat

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose: To investigate the representation of women among ophthalmology faculty members at select academic institutions in the United States (US).

Design: Cross-sectional study

Subjects: Clinical faculty members at the top 20 academic ophthalmology institutions in the U.S. according to US News and World Report ranking

Methods: Gender as reported on institutional websites either directly or via pronouns, academic rank, medical school graduation year, and subspecialty were collected about clinical faculty members with MD, MD/PhD, MBBS or DO from their respective institutional websites. The number of publications for each faculty member was collected using Scopus ® (Elsevier, …

Cataract Simulator Training And Medical Student Attitudes Towards Ophthalmology, Victor Sanchez, Christian Diaz, Zachary Elkin, Laura Palazzolo, Andrea Blitzer, Manjool Shah, Christina R. Prescott

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Introduction: Simulation-based learning offers novel opportunities to teach ophthalmology to medical students and inspire interest in the field. Eyesi surgical simulators have become widely adopted by ophthalmology departments and may serve a purpose in medical student education. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cataract simulators on medical student attitudes towards ophthalmology and to assess their performance/improvement on a series of simulator tasks.

Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of 31 medical students. Participants were recruited through an email sent via the school’s listserv. Enrolled students completed a series of tasks on the …

Real-World Assessment (Rwa): Validity Evidence For Cataract Surgery With A Tool Your Faculty Will Actually Use, Grace L. Paley, Hui Zhao, Victoria M. Addis, Casey J. Beal, Geetha K. Davis, Gabriela M. Espinoza, Michael S. Lee, Stacy L. Pineles, Jamie B. Rosenberg, Robert T. Swan, Misha F. Syed, Evan L. Waxman, Susan M. Culican

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: We developed and implemented a real-world assessment tool (RWA) for resident surgery. It was designed to improve utility by reducing faculty and trainee cost (completion and training time, cognitive burden). RWA uses an entrustability scale where higher scores indicate a resident’s readiness for independent surgical practice. We describe a two-phase implementation of RWA and report validity evidence for cataract surgery assessment.

Methods: RWA was developed iteratively with resident and faculty input and piloted at a single residency program in phase 1. Phase 2 implemented RWA at 11 ophthalmology residency programs. The main outcome measures were 1) number …

Student Perceptions Of A Novel No-Cost Mobile Application For Ophthalmic History And Physical Examination, Soryan Kumar, Anagha Lokhande, Spandana Jarmale, Arnav Kumar, Samantha Rosenthal, Grayson W. Armstrong, Michael Migliori, Jamie Schaefer

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Mobile applications have shown promise in enhancing medical trainee performance. In ophthalmology, a comprehensive mobile app can streamline the trainee education process by providing guidance for patient intake. Language barriers pose additional challenges impacting the quality of care for Spanish-speaking patients; literature has documented the adverse impacts of inadequate translation on quality of medical care for both trainees and patients. We aim to develop a free mobile application to guide medical trainees through the ophthalmic patient intake process and assist with Spanish-language translation.

Methods: We developed EyeCheck as a free mobile application for ophthalmology trainee education with …

Community Outreach Vision Screenings With Student-Led Eye Health Education Improves Student Eye Health Knowledge And Ophthalmic Health Disparities Awareness, Tannia M. Rodriguez, Karim Dirani, Samantha M. Arsenault, Ryan Lee Freedman, John-Michael Guest, Kathleen George, Collin Richards, Leo Hall, Mark S. Juzych, Anju Goyal

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of vision impairment and discordant lack of eye care utilization makes it essential to develop effective avenues to educate the future physician work force regarding basic eye health knowledge and ophthalmic health disparities. The public is often not aware that blinding eye diseases can begin asymptomatically. It is important for medical students to understand basic eye health knowledge, such as blinding eye diseases can begin asymptomatically. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an eye health knowledge 5-Point Teaching Intervention (5PTI) and structured patient intake form on student eye health knowledge and …

Is Semaglutide The Key To The Fight Against "Globesity"?, Melissa Travelsted, Maire M. Blankenship

International Journal of Faith Community Nursing

The obesity epidemic, referred to as "globesity" by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2001, remains a critical global health issue with escalating prevalence rates. In 2022, approximately 2.5 billion adults worldwide were overweight, with 890 million classified as obese, highlighting a significant health burden and economic impact. By 2030, projections suggest over one billion individuals globally will be affected by obesity. In the United States, where more than 40% of adults are obese, healthcare costs attributed to obesity-related illnesses exceed $173 billion annually.

Obesity is defined by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above and significantly increases …

Google Glass™ In Healthcare Education: A Scoping Review, David B. Gillette, Bhavana Raja

Pacific Journal of Health

Background: Google Glass™ (Glass), a wearable augmented reality device is gaining popularity in healthcare education due to its portability, affordability, and usefulness, including offering a different vantage point and potential for remote training. We conducted this scoping review to determine its applications, effectiveness, and limitations in healthcare education.

Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched for relevant studies and reports using specified search terms. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility, retrieved data, and compared results.

Results: The search yielded 2,019 articles. After removing duplicates, 1,576 titles, 877 abstracts, and 408 articles were screened; 78 articles were included in this review. …

Exploration Of The Patient Experiences Of A University Lgbtq+ Community: A Preliminary Analysis, Joelle M. Kidder, Eric G. Waldon, Tracey Delnero, Michelle Brady, Kristine Himmerick, Deepti Vyas, Vienna Sa, Malinda Thao, Lindsay Gietzen

Pacific Journal of Health

PURPOSE: This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experiences of people from a university LGBTQ+ community to inform health professional training in the interprofessional education setting.

METHODS:

Focus groups and semi-structured interviews from the University of the Pacific LGBTQ+ community were conducted by the researchers. Participants were recruited through campus-wide notification and fliers. Focus groups were held virtually on Zoom. Participants were asked to de-identify any identifying information. Informed consent and basic demographic information were obtained electronically. Participants were asked to reflect on personal experiences of their interactions within the healthcare system. The focus groups consisted of open-ended questions …

Perceived Stress Modulates Blood Pressure Reactivity To Stress In College Students, Manuel Sune, Natalie Younan, Caio Sousa

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Stress is an unavoidable part of everyday life that can have numerous effects on our bodies. In addition, the individual psychological perception of stress could represent a higher stress or stress reactivity in the physiological level, becoming the onset of many stress-related diseases. Persistently high levels of stress are common in college students and it's important to manage these levels to prevent the risk of health problems in the future. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived stress on cardiovascular reactivity to stress in college students. METHODS: Fourteen college students (f=5) participated in the …

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Cardiovascular Reactivity To Stress In College Students, Natalie Younan, Manuel Sune, Caio V. Sousa

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Stress is part of everyday life. Chronic stress can be a contributor to many physiological and psychological health problems. Chronic stress is also related to hyperreactivity to acute stress. PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether students with low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity (PA) have distinct cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test (CPT). METHODS: College students (n=14; f=5) were given the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess their physical activity levels. After the assessment, participants were set up to the FINAPRES with an arm cuff and finger …

Sled-Pull Training Decreases Rate Of Force Development In Men And Women Soccer Players, James Ma, John A. Brasher, Robert Musci, Jenevieve L. Roper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sled-pull training is a popular training method thought to increase lower extremity strength and power in athletes. Lower extremity strength and power are factors for success in sport, particularly soccer. Asymmetry is thought to negatively impact athletes, by increasing their risk of injury, and should be the focus of any training program. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of a 12-week sled pull training intervention on isometric leg rate of force development (RFD) and RFD asymmetry. METHODS: Thirty men (n = 15; 20 ± 1.5yrs, 168.28 ± 5.17cm, 73.44 ± 3.46kg) and women (n = 15; 19.58 ± 1yr, …

Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure Validity Of Garmin Instinct Devices During Hiking Outdoors With And Without Trekking Poles: A Pilot Study, Kavon Mcarthur, Bethany Hoag, Josie Gines, Myranda Peck, James Navalta, Facsm, Kelly Goonan, Julie E. Taylor, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ACSM has again named wearable technology the top fitness trend for 2024. Yet, the validity of wrist-worn devices for measuring average/maximal heart rate (HR) and estimating energy expenditure (EE) during outdoor hiking with and without trekking poles is unknown. PURPOSE: To determine the concurrent validity of identical Garmin Instinct devices to record valid measures of average and maximal HR as well as estimated EE during outdoor hiking with no poles, 1 or 2 trekking poles. METHODS: 11 (n=6 males, n=5 females, aged 20-39 yrs) adults randomly completed 3 pole conditions (no poles, 1 or 2 poles) during an ~10 min. …

Impact Of Running A 162-Km Mountain Race On Hydration And Gastrointestinal Response, Ryan Ott, Kamiry Robison, Kiara Fradin, Melani Kelly, Andrew Creer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Gastrointestinal (GI) distress is a common complaint among runners, often worsening when less hydrated. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate hydration status and GI responses of 162-km ultramarathon runners. METHODS: 14 runners (11 males, 3 females; 36.9 ± 6.1 yrs, 72.5 ± 11.9 kg) completed the Bear 100 (7200m of vertical gain). Pre-, post-, and 24-h post-race completion, a survey to assess GI symptom presence was completed and weight and a urine sample was collected. Scored on a 10-point scale (0 = no problems; 10 = worst it has ever been), GI symptoms were divided into 1) …

The Effect Of Low Water Intake On Blood Glucose Measured With A Continuous Glucose Monitor, Doris Cheung, Safiya Rufino, Adam Seal

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The number of people with Type II diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide. Previous studies have shown several factors contribute to the development of Type II diabetes, such as genetics, diet, and physical activity. Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated adequate water intake may slightly reduce post-prandial blood glucose. However, none have focused on the relationship between water intake and blood glucose excursions in a free-living situation. PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of low water intake on glucose regulation in a free-living situation using continuous glucose monitoring. METHODS: In a counterbalanced cross-over fashion, three participants were randomly …

Comparison Of Pulmonary Measures During Virtual Reality Exercise And Outdoor Exercise, Setareh Zarei, Devin Green, Myranda Peck, Olivia R. Perez, Eric Lambert, Ty Erickson, Lijie Zhou, James W. Navalta, Jeffrey Cowley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The development of high-tech wearable devices is revolutionizing not only the way we live but also the way we exercise. Pulmonary responses to virtual reality (VR), as one of the latest technologies on the market, have been largely unstudied. To ensure that the workload is equivalent, one approach is to compare VR and outdoor (OUT) walks of similar visual environments. The findings from this study may be an initial step in providing evidence of VR as a platform for virtual exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether walking in VR affects pulmonary responses differently than …

Effect Of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise On Post-Activation Potentiation In Resistance Trained Men And Women, Bulent Sokmen, Christopher Daniels, Melissa Aragon Matias, Garrett Campedel, Jairo Carrillo, Carter Michnevich, Cinthya Romano, Kandace Syer, Pauline Josephine Woodard, Hasan Ghadiri, Ibai Guadron, Arturo Ortiz, Collins Onyeukwu, Valentin Sanchez, Kent Abe, Monica Ohkubo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is commonly employed to enhance the force-generating capacity of skeletal muscles. However, no studies have directly compared the PAP response elicited by blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise versus traditional bilateral training (TT). This distinction is critical, as differences in muscle activation are observed when comparing various exercise modalities. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a BFR squat exercise would elicit a different PAP response compared to a traditional bilateral squat exercise. METHODS: A within-subjects repeated measures design was used to assess the acute effects of two distinct PAP protocols (traditional …

Effects Of Compression Sleeves On Muscle Oxygen Saturation During Graded Exercise In Acute Hypoxia, Geoffrey Dorsett, Nathan Chang, Hunter Paris, Jong-Kyung Kim, Trevor Gillum

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Lower partial pressure at altitude reduces the amount of oxygen able to be delivered to exercising muscles. Interventions to restore muscle oxygen saturation during hypoxic exercise have the potential to improve related measures like cardiac output and VO2. PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to explore the effects of lower leg compression sleeves on muscle oxygen saturation during graded exercise in acute, normobaric hypoxia. METHODS: Seven male participants were recruited (Age = 24.5±3.2; Bodyfat% = 21.8±2.7; VO2 = 42.2±7.1) and underwent two graded exercise bouts at 20%, 40% and 60% of sea level VO2max in normobaric hypoxia (13.5% FiO2). …

Concurrent Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure Validity Of Polar Verity Sense Devices During Light And Moderate Intensity Resistance Training In Recreationally Active Adults: A Pilot Study, Collin Dawson, Spencer Maxwell, Olivia Perez, Setareh (Star) Zarei, Devin Green, Bethany Hoag, Michael Wong, Dustin Davis, Jeffrey C. Cowley, Merrill Funk, James W. Navalta Facsm, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Wearable technology is again the top fitness trend from ACSM for 2024. Our lab recently found that bicep-worn devices (Polar Verity Sense) are valid for measuring average/maximal heart rate (HR) but are not valid for estimating energy expenditure (EE) during acute resistance exercise training (RT). We postulated that the errors may have been due to the device’s algorithms assuming higher intensity during RT, but no study has directly tested these outcomes with various RT intensities. PURPOSE: To determine the concurrent validity of identical Polar Verity Sense bicep-devices to record valid measures of average and maximal HR as well as estimated …

Correlation Between Body Weight And Eccentric Hamstring Strength In American Football Players, Ty K. Hacking, Malorie Wilwand, Aaron W. Johnson, B. Brett Mortensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Hamstring strength and explosiveness is imperative for collegiate American football players to perform at the highest level. Understanding the respective correlations, based on players positions, between eccentric hamstring strength (HS) and body weight (BW) among football players may help coaches and players to develop strength protocols required for specific positions. We hypothesize that increasing BW will result in increased eccentric HS. PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the relationship between football players BW and their max eccentric HS. METHODS: As a secondary analysis from the HAMIR study, 95 (age: 21.4 ± 2.00 yr; Ht: 187.7 ± 6.17 cm; …

The Effects Of Blood-Flow Restriction Training On Bone Health At The Hip, Victoria Batlle, Sophia Lissin, Jacob Laubach, Todd Shoepe

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bloodflow restriction training (BFR) partially restricts arterial inflow and completely restricts venous outflow to the working muscle to promote chemical signals of fatigue and is hypothesized to realize musculoskeletal adaptation with lighter training loads and volume. PURPOSE: The purpose was to determine short-term training effects of BFR on bone health in college-aged students. METHODS: 19 males (20.2±1.5 years, 25.5±4.7 kg/m2) and 21 females (20.2±1.8years, 24.3±3.4 kg/m2) were placed into control group (CON) or BFR groups based on stratified randomization. Hip scans from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were performed before and after 7 weeks of BFR training at 50% …