Communication Sciences and Disorders Commons^™

Toward Generalizable Machine Learning Models In Speech, Language, And Hearing Sciences: Estimating Sample Size And Reducing Overfitting, Hamzeh Ghasemzadeh, Robert E Hillman, Daryush D Mehta

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Many studies using machine learning (ML) in speech, language, and hearing sciences rely upon cross-validations with single data splitting. This study's first purpose is to provide quantitative evidence that would incentivize researchers to instead use the more robust data splitting method of nested

METHOD: First, the significant impact of different cross-validations on ML outcomes was demonstrated using real-world clinical data. Then, Monte Carlo simulations were used to quantify the interactions among the employed cross-validation method, the discriminative power of features, the dimensionality of the feature space, the dimensionality of the model, and the sample size. Four different cross-validation methods …

Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System For Voice Therapy: Application To Everyday Clinical Care, Jeremy Wolfberg, John Whyte, Patricia Doyle, Shirley Gherson, Jason Muise, Brian Petty, Carol Jorgensen Tolejano, Robert E Hillman, Tara Stadelman-Cohen, Jarrad H Van Stan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Rehabilitation intervention descriptions often do not explicitly identify active ingredients or how those ingredients lead to changes in patient functioning. The Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) provides guidance to identify the critical aspects of any rehabilitation therapy and supported the development of standardly named ingredients and targets in voice therapy (Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System for Voice Therapy [RTSS-Voice]). This study sought to test the content validity of the RTSS-Voice and determine if the RTSS-Voice can be used to identify commonalities and differences in treatment (criterion validity) across clinicians in everyday clinical practice.

METHOD: Five speech-language pathologists from different institutions …

Behavioral Management Of Respiratory/Phonatory Dysfunction For Dysarthria Associated With Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systematic Review, Sarah E. Perry, Michelle Troche, Jessica E. Huber, Jordanna Sevitz, James Curtis, Brianna Kiefer, Qiana Dennard, Deanna Britton, Multiple Additional Authors

Speech and Hearing Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose:

This systematic review represents an update to previous reviews of the literature addressing behavioral management of respiratory/phonatory dysfunction in individuals with dysarthria due to neurodegenerative disease.

Method:

Multiple electronic database searches and hand searches of prominent speech-language pathology journals were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards.

Results:

The search yielded 1,525 articles, from which 88 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed by two blinded co-investigators. A large range of therapeutic approaches have been added to the evidence base since the last review, including expiratory muscle strength training, singing, and computer- and device-driven …

Acceptance Of Bite Presentations And Feeding Behaviors Of 8 To 12-Month-Old Infants: A Reflection Of Typical Feeding Development, Amy Delaney, Ericka Diestler, Parama Sridevi, Arafat Mahmood, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

The lack of age-appropriate expectations for feeding acceptance patterns in early childhood is a barrier to early and accurate identification of pediatric feeding disorder (PFD). The objective of the study was to describe the process by which typically developing children 8–12 months of age accept or refuse bite presentations and their corresponding feeding behaviors, aiming to establish age-appropriate normative data for feeding acceptance.

Method

Using cross-sectional methodology, we studied the proportion of bite presentations accepted, the type of feeding behaviors-passive, disruptive, expulsion, feeding concerns- observed at presentation and acceptance or refusal, and the duration between presentation to acceptance or …

The Adverse Childhood Experiences Identification Gap In Speech Language Pathology, Mallory Prior

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Children exposed to adverse childhood experiences, a variety of potentially traumatic events occurring within the first 18 years of life, are at increased risk for speech and language disorders. Due to the high prevalence of trauma and its lasting effects, it is almost guaranteed that children who are experiencing the ongoing effects from adversity will be found on practicing Speech Language Pathologists’ caseloads. This scoping review was designed to identify current screening practices of Speech Language Pathologists (SLP) in comparison to other professionals (e.g., allied health and education), as well as additional information related to screening procedures for SLPs. The …

Associations Between Parenting Stress And Quality Time In Families Of Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rebecca S. Bradley, Grace L. Staples, Lauren B. Quetsch, Lindsey Aloia, Cynthia E. Brown, Stephen M. Kanne

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Increased stress among parents of youth with ASD has been well-documented. However, research on aspects of the parent-child relationship and subsequent links to parenting stress is limited. We assessed parents (N = 511) of youth with ASD to examine relations between parenting stress and parent-child quality time (amount of quality time, shared enjoyment, synchronicity). Elevated parenting stress was associated with less time spent engaging with youth in shared activities and decreased parent and child enjoyment during shared interactions. Parents with elevated stress reported engaging in shared activities and experiencing synchronicity with their child less often than parents below the …

Barriers And Facilitators To Enhance Interprofessional Education For Rehabilitation Science Graduate Students, Mary A. Riopel, Kimberly Wynarczuk, Taylor Grube

The Qualitative Report

Interprofessional education (IPE) aims to develop healthcare practitioners who work effectively in teams, demonstrate strong communication skills, respect others, and have a working knowledge of the roles and responsibilities of other professionals. Of identified research to date, it is unclear what students perceive as important for effective IPE delivery and learning. The purpose of this study was to identify graduate students' perceptions of facilitators and barriers to learning interprofessional practice using phenomenology. Three semi-structured focus groups were conducted including athletic training, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology students and the transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged about IPE …

The Minority Student Mentoring Group (Msmg) For Csd Students: Perspectives, Goals, And Outcomes Six Years After Inception, Iona Ringgold, Diana C. Emanuel

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Students from historically marginalized racial and ethnic (HMRE) groups often face challenges within the university environment due to implicit biases, microaggressions, and systemic racism. To help counteract these challenges, the Minority Student Mentoring Group (MSMG) at Towson University was launched in 2016 to provide mentoring, support, and a sense of community for students from HMRE groups who are enrolled in speech-language pathology and audiology programs. Rapid growth of the program and anecdotal evidence suggested MSMG participation was impactful; as a result, this study was designed to examine program outcomes more formally using a mixed-methods approach. Eleven participants completed an on-line …

Development Of Interprofessional Socialization In A Multifaceted Live Action Clinical Role-Play Simulation For Speech-Language Pathology And Social Work Students, Cody Marie Busch, Jennifer Anderson, Lynn Gilbertson, Sarah Hessenauer

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Live action clinical role-plays are one of many types of simulated learning experiences that can be crafted for undergraduate and graduate students alike when learning to collaborate interprofessionally. This mixed methods exploratory research project partnered four academic instructors from the disciplines of speech-language pathology and social work, with several additional community members adding their expertise to enrich the experience of a live-action clinical role-play. Students (N = 32) participated in a two-part multifaceted interprofessional education (IPE) experience with the first part consisting of eight hours of online asynchronous training and the second part consisting of eight hours of a multifaceted …

Boosting Confidence In Hearing Loss Services Through An Interprofessional Simulation Led By Peer Instructors, Amanda Stead, Jordan Tinsley, Trent Westrick, Elizabeth Olson, Alexandra Alfieri, Lauren Sams

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Speech-language pathologists have an ethical responsibility to work with clients with hearing loss. Therefore, speech-language pathology (SLP) students must receive specific education and training in working with this population. SLP students may have low self-efficacy about their ability to work with clients with hearing loss if they haven’t participated in specific training. Interprofessional education utilizing peer teaching by doctor of audiology (AuD) students is one method for helping SLP students learn specific skills to address hearing loss in a clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate SLP graduate students' self-efficacy with working with individuals with hearing loss; …

Fostering Empathy In Communication Sciences And Disorders Through Interprofessional Simulation: Bridging The Gap Between Lecture And Practice, Cynthia A. Hovland, Carol Spears, Melissa Volk

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

This exploratory study sought to understand the experiences of CSD students participating in an interprofessional simulation focused on empathy development and how it could inform their future practice. This study used a non-random, purposive sample of 29 CSD students from one United States university who attended one of three Team STEPPS seminar training days that were offered during three separate semesters. Post-seminar surveys were completed, and conventional content analysis used to analyze data. Three primary themes, and corresponding subthemes emerged: (a) establish trust (build rapport; identify patient care goals; and encourage active participation; (b) facilitate collaborative plan of care (provide …

Using Ar To Teach Ar: Learning Outcomes Of A Guided, Augmented Reality Hearing Loss And Auditory Rehabilitation Simulation With Slp Graduate Students, Alice Henton, Mathew Vansant

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Recent research has found that practicing speech-language pathologists report feeling underprepared to provide services for individuals with hearing loss. At the same time, graduate SLP programs report that students have fewer training opportunities with low-incidence populations. This study examines learning outcomes for a cohort of graduate SLP students using a novel application of an immersive, augmented reality, hearing loss simulation. Results show encouraging outcomes for the simulation experience’s effects on empathy, knowledge, and clinical skills. This simulation offers a unique way to provide training related to auditory rehabilitation in SLP.

Addressing Bias In Slp Problem-Based Tutorials Through Critical Reflexivity, Curriculum Development And Instructor Training, Harmonie Chan, Courtney Tidd, Justine Hamilton, Deidre Sperry, Michelle Phoenix

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Racism is prevalent in the fields of healthcare and education in North America and speech-language pathology and audiology are no exception. Systemic and individual racism in educational, training, and clinical settings creates barriers for student entry and success, and negatively impacts client care. Although the ability to serve clients of diverse backgrounds is a crucial skill for students and clinicians, current educational curricula appears insufficient in supporting culturally diverse students and preparing all students to work with culturally diverse populations. This is, in part, due to a lack of diverse representation in education and clinical settings, bias experienced by SLP …

Cognitive Reserve In Individuals With Frontotemporal Dementia And Primary Progressive Aphasia, Lauren A. Grebe

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Cognitive reserve refers to the brain’s ability to efficiently adapt in the presence of neuropathological disease. This is an active process influenced by individual differences (e.g., genetics) and lifetime experiences (e.g., education, occupation, leisure) (Cabeza et al., 2018; Stern et al., 2020). The cognitive reserve theory has recently been investigated in individuals with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), which refers to various disorders leading to frontotemporal neurodegenerative decline (Young et al., 2018); e.g., behavioral variant of FTD (bvFTD) and variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA): semantic (svPPA), nonfluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA), and logopenic (lvPPA). However, a clear consensus on the relationship among cognitive reserve, …

Evaluating Acoustic Representations And Normalization For Rhoticity Classification In Children With Speech Sound Disorders, Nina R. Benway, Jonathan L. Preston, Asif Salekin, Elaine Hitchcock, Tara Mcallister

Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The effects of different acoustic representations and normalizations were compared for classifiers predicting perception of children's rhotic versus derhotic /ɹ/. Formant and Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) representations for 350 speakers were z-standardized, either relative to values in the same utterance or age-and-sex data for typical /ɹ/. Statistical modeling indicated age-and-sex normalization significantly increased classifier performances. Clinically interpretable formants performed similarly to MFCCs and were endorsed for deep neural network engineering, achieving mean test-participant-specific F1-score = 0.81 after personalization and replication (σx = 0.10, med = 0.83, n = 48). Shapley additive explanations analysis indicated the third formant most influenced …

Comparing Online Versus Laboratory Measures Of Speech Perception In Older Children And Adolescents, Tara Mcallister, Jonathan L. Preston, Laura Ochs, Jennifer Hill, Elaine R. Hitchcock

Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Given the increasing prevalence of online data collection, it is important to know how behavioral data obtained online compare to samples collected in the laboratory. This study compares online and in-person measurement of speech perception in older children and adolescents. Speech perception is important for assessment and treatment planning in speech-language pathology; we focus on the American English /r/ sound because of its frequency as a clinical target. Two speech perception tasks were adapted for web presentation using Gorilla: identification of items along a synthetic continuum from rake to wake, and category goodness judgment of English /r/ sounds in words …

Knowledge On Long-Term Impacts Of Sport-Related Concussions In Female High School Athletes, Kelcie Wehrum

Student Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to survey female high school athletes’ knowledge of sport-related concussion (SRC) long-term impacts. This study utilized the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey – Student Version regarding the knowledge and attitudes high school athletes have towards SRCs to determine if they knew the severity of the possible long-term impacts. The survey was distributed to two female contact sport teams at one high school in Northeast Arkansas. The results of the study showed that high school female athletes possessed greater SRC knowledge but did demonstrate the safest attitudes towards sustaining an SRC. While the study …

Central Auditory Processing In Musicians Versus Non-Musicians, Madison Rae Moritz

Student Theses and Dissertations

The task of producing good quality instrumental music requires musicians to spend many years auditorily training their ears. The purpose of this study was to determine if musicians have advanced central auditory processing (CAP) abilities compared to non-musicians. The participants included nine musicians and ten non-musicians. The SCAN-3:A for adolescents and Adults: Tests for Auditory Processing disorder was administered to each participant. This test included Filtered Words (auditory closure), Auditory Figure Ground (speech in background noise), and Competing Words/Sentences (dichotic listening). Results showed that scores for all subtest, except Competing Sentences, were statistically significantly higher for musicians compared to non-musicians. …

The Cross-Linguistic And Cross-Situational Association Between Accentedness And Its Impact As Rated By Speakers, Makaila Groves

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Vocal Development Patterns: Predicting Neurogenetic Risk In Infancy Using Early Vocal Development And Sex, Alyssa Cregg, Rachel Siela, Olivia Battaglia, Kaylee Bobay, Madison Chin, Athena Fordwor, Conghao Gao, Deeksha Handa, Erin Lee, Tiernan Mcdivitt, Grace Strabala, Victoria Tuell, Laurel Williams

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Extant literature documents a higher rate of language/speech disorders in males; however, despite sex being a potential moderator of outcomes, we do not know what role it plays in early vocal behavior of infants at high risk for such disorders. The purpose of this study was to ask: (1) Do high-risk infants demonstrate atypical vocal development patterns? (2) Is the quality and quantity of early babble distinct for male and female infants, and does this pattern vary across risk? To answer these questions, we examined the canonical babbling ratio (CBR; the ratio of canonical syllables, those with a consonant and …