Sports Studies Commons^™

Tourism Promotion System In Poland In The Context Of Selected National Strategic Documents, Rafal Szmytke

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The term “nation branding” was first coined by Simon Anholt in the 1990s and refers to applying marketing strategies to individual countries. It aims to create a distinct self-image and international reputation that most effectively serves a nation’s interests. Today, in many countries it makes a part of the carefully designed national policy, with clear objectives and an evaluation system. Various types of rankings are used to position the nation brand on a global scale. They also show which elements influence the perception of a country the most. Tourism, which belongs to a six-element approach by Simon Anholt, is …

Olympism And Himalaism, Andrzej Pawlucki

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

As the title makes it clear, this article concerns the anthropological issue involving the figures of an Olympic athlete and a Himalayan climber. On a broader, philosophical level, I consider and explain the differences between Olympism and Himalaism, as well as the predecessor of Himalaism, Alpinism. The study aims to explain the reason for the origin of Olympism as a social movement independent of Himalaism. To understand why Olympism and Himalaism should be considered separately, one must go back to the dawn of the two modern events: “visiting the mountains” and “populating the stadiums”. The philosophical method was used in …

Study On The Efficiency Of Advanced Pressing In The Premier League, Sorin Brîndescu, Francisc-Remus Datcu, Ionuț-Alexadru Buda

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Advanced pressing is a tactical relationship which consists of a joint effort which players undertake to win back possession as high up the pitch as possible. It comes as a direct counter to slow build-up styles like the tiki-taka and has existed, historically, for decades. The best examples from history can be Ajax and Feyenoord in the 1970s, as well as the Dutch national team from the same period. In these days, some of English teams use this tactical relationship with the desire to recover the ball as quickly as possible. Material and Methods: In order to analyze the …

Lower Limbs Asymmetries In The Agility And Explosive Strength In Male Football Players, Sorin Albeanu, Robert Munteanu, Luminița Călinescu Brabiescu, Roberta Ghețu, Bogdan Burcea, Cătălin Forțan

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Football game requires a permanent dynamic, in which players frequently perform changes of direction, with or without the ball. This requires explosive strength in the lower limbs as well as agility. The aim of the study was to measure the execution time within the changes of direction over different distances. A total of 20 male football players were selected (aged 17.6±1.27 years old), BMI 21.4 ± 1.99. For the explosive strength, two tests using Optojump (Microgate) were applied: CMJ and 5 jumps single leg left/right front/back drift. Each player also performed an agility test consisting of a single change of …

A Sense Of Social Affiliation Of Homeless People Participating In A Soccer Tournament, Dariusz Jacek Olszewski-Strzyzowski, Raluca Buhaș, Sorin Buhaș

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: One of the ways of including homeless persons (especially young people) into society is to enable them to actively participate in sports activities. Implementation of an event of international importance entitled the Homeless World Cup is an excellent example of such activities. Material and methods: The main source of data for this article is the research conducted with the participants of the "Homeless World Cup" Tournament in Poznań in 2013. The study was conducted with the use of the questionnaire technique (direct – the tool was a questionnaire containing 21 questions). The survey was anonymous. The respondents had an …

Optimizing The Assessment Of Motor Skills In 6th Grade Pupils Through Multimedia Means, Paul Szabo-Alexi, István Pocsai, Mariana Szabo-Alexi

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: In this paper we propose to analyze ways to introduce multimedia methods in the evaluation process in the discipline of physical education and sports, by increasing the objectivity of evaluation and self-evaluation. Material and Methods: During the research, 20 students aged 12–13 were filmed and evaluated. Movement analysis software, Kinovea application, version 0.8.15, was used to analyze the recorded image. Results: Through the centralized data represented in graphs and tables, at the first evaluation, the control group obtained results closer to the execution model by an average of 0.62% in 5 of the 6 samples. Following the application of …

Physical Activity And Disability - A Dichotomy In The Space Of Personal Security, Remigiusz Drozdz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Out of the three cognitive categories that are crucial to the formulation of the problem addressed in this article, physical activity and disability as well as personal security have been the subject matter of numerous scientific analyses, but there are very few references associating them with one another. The aim of this article is to interpret the current state of knowledge concerning each of these fields as well as to assess the bibliographic resource relating to their integral inclusion. Method: A query of foreign and Polish monographs as well as scientific periodicals, available both in traditional and electronic form, …

Identification Of Objective (Measurable) Effects Of Systematic Physical Activity Of Young Women Participating In Slavica® Dance Training, Justyna Bolek-Adamek, Damian Bojar

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Multiple data suggest that cardio workouts improve young women’s cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate. The main goal of this paper is to identify objective (i.e. measurable) effects of systematic physical activity in young women participating in Slavica Dance training. Material and methods: Twenty-six young women, aged 20–21 years, constituted one group. Aerobic capacity, anaerobic threshold, heart rate and anaerobic energy metabolism were measured before and after the 8-week training period. Results: Regular participation in the Slavica Dance training resulted in a statistically significant increase in the volume of oxygen delivered and used per minute by the subjects’ bodies (3.0% …

Aspects Regarding The Improvement Of Middle Schooler Attendance At Physical Education Classes, Dana Ioana Cristea, Anca-Cristina Pop, Paula Nica, Aurelian Andrei Cristea, Gheorghe Lucaciu, Marius Alin Marinău

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Physical education may be thought of as a special form of education through one’s body which aims not only to fulfil biological purposes, but which also entails significant psychological and social issues. Starting from this point, the aim of the present study is to decrease the number of students exempted from physical education classes by asking them to fill in a survey before each class. Material and methods: The study was conducted in 4 schools from Oradea, over the course of 12 weeks of middle school classes. Results: A visible result was a decrease in the number of students …

Sportsmanship And Basic Psychological Needs In Sports Students, Germina-Alina Cosma, Alina Chiracu, Amalia-Raluca Stepan, Roxana Gatzel, Augustin Iancu, Alexandru Cosma

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among satisfaction of basic psychological needs, goal orientations and sportsmanship. The mediating role of goal orientation in this relationship was tested. The participants were 168 students enrolled at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Craiova, aged between 18 and 30 years old, M = 21.52, SD = 2.20, and the data were collected between March and May 2020. The instruments applied were Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale to measure satisfaction of basic psychological needs, Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale to measure sportsmanship, and Ego and Task Orientation Questionnaire to …

Outdoor Vs Indoor Physical Education Lessons As An Opportunity To Shape Environmental Attitudes, Marcin Pasek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Systematic contact with the natural environment seems to increase the level of human sensitivity to ecological problems. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of physical activity outdoors in nature as part of school physical education on the level of environmental attitudes. Method: 220 students participated in an experimental study. The experimental group, which did exercise usually in open spaces, included 103 students. The control group, which exercised inside school, consisted of 117 students. The study period lasted two years and involved the fifth and sixth form of primary school. The authors used the part relating …

The Impact Of Local Public Policies On Sports Performance. Oradea – An Example Of Success, Sorin Buhaş, Raluca Buhaş, Vasile Grama, Grigore Vasile Herman, Paul Dragoș

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

European, national and local public policies have a crucial role when it comes to social and economic development. Based on European and national frameworks, local public administration develops and implements local public policies based on the community needs in order to reach a high level of local development. Among other sectors, sport plays a major role in the local development. Our paper aims to outline the role of local public authorities from Oradea, Romania, in supporting high-performance sport at a local level through local public policies. In Oradea a high-performance sport is represented by the Municipal Sports Club; therefore, our …

Urban Green Spaces - A Support For Physical Activities And Tourism. Case Study Oradea Municipality, Bihor, Romania, Claudiu Filimon, Corina Criste Tătar, Luminița Anișoara Filimon, Laura Mariana Herman

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The urban green space with specific functions (economic, social, ecological, recreational tourist, etc.) stands as one the most representative indicators of attractiveness and quality. The main aim of the study is to inventory and analyze the green areas with reference to their number, total area, area per inhabitant and their endowment for physical and tourist activities. Material and methods: The data necessary to carry out the study were obtained from the website of the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, the Register of Green Spaces of Oradea Municipality and the Oradea Green City Program as well as from field …

The Effect Of Task And Environment Constraints On Aquatic Locomotor Behavior: Qualitative Data Analysis, Ernani Xavier Filho, Edison J. Manoel

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Many constraints (environmental, organismic, and task) act on all patterns of motor coordination, although their effects on swimming is less well understood. To this end, we carried out the current study with fifty-six participants, ages ranging from six to twelve years. The experimental tasks were created from the original task in which changes in task speed and environmental context were manipulated. Four aspects in the results were notable: a) a main trend was one of performance with the same developmental status among the tasks; b) when behaviour changed, this occurred due to environmental constraints, leading to more rudimentary patterns of …

In Remembrance Of Dr. Samantha Rachel Gorse Roberts, Clayton B. Bolton

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Dr. Samantha Roberts, a professor at Texas A&M University-Commerce, was a significant member of the association’s leadership team. Dr. Roberts had a strong passion for student development and mentorship and was heavily involved with the undergraduate and graduate case study competitions. Dr. Clay Bolton provides a touching tribute to our dear colleague and friend.

In This Issue (13:4), Stephen J. Langendorfer Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Greetings, IJARE readers and welcome to the fourth issue of Volume 13. I admit being quite excited about this issue. It is jam-packed with outstanding papers from six different countries that deserve your readership and attention.

The Advancement Of Asma: Highlights From The 2022 Annual Conference, Marshall Magnusen

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The Applied Sport Management Association (ASMA) is a scholarly organization that aims to builds research partnerships between faculty and students as well as strong connections between scholars and students studying sport and practitioners working in the sport industry. Each year, ASMA hosts a national (international) conference.

Since 2005, ASMA has progressed to become the preeminent outlet for students and faculty to present research in a collegial and professional environment as well as build strong connects with sport industry practitioners. As evidence of the continued growth of ASMA, several noticeable events took place at the 2022 annual conference. A brief summary …

Adding Value To The Applied Sport Management Association, Mike Martinez

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Dr. Martinez is the inaugural recipient of the Distinguished Service Award for the Applied Sport Management Association (ASMA). He offers his thoughts on adding value to ASMA to advance the association and sport management.

Nationalistic Media Obsession With Olympic Medal Counts: The Case Of The 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Steve Dittmore, Kibaek Kim

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Faculty Publications and Presentations

Because Olympic medals are awarded to athletes representing an individual National Olympic Committee, it is natural for the media, and even the International Olympic Committee, to create a table indicating which nation has experienced the most athletic success. Problems, and even disagreements, arise when nations utilize different methods to count medals. The 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, contested in 2021, provided a unique opportunity to observe how media organizations create a narrative around medal tables. American media outlets preferred to consistently show the United States at the top of the medal standings even though China had more gold medals for much …

Cardiovascular-Metabolic Responses And Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Kayak Paddling In Normobaric Hypoxia In Young Flatwater Kayakers, Elvin Onarici Güngör, Celil Kaçoğlu, Ali Onur Cerrah, İlker Yılmaz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate response of cardiovascular, metabolic and oxygen consumption kinetics at kayak paddling exercise in the normoxic and normobaric environment. Material and Methods: Seven kayakers (age: 16±1.2 year; height: 165±8.3cm; body weight: 53±8kg; fat percentage: 17±4.4%; VO2max: 34.57±9.24 ml.kg-1.dk-1; Maximal La: 8.72±2.75 mM) with four years’ experience participated in the study. All subjects performed incremental maximal and sub-threshold constant load kayak paddling tests in normoxic and normobaric hypoxic conditions on different days. According to maximal tests results, the individual anaerobic threshold and VO2max values were determined. Results: VO2max, HRmax, peak power and maximal …

Investigation Of The Relationship Between Sit-And-Reach Flexibility And The Height, The Leg Length And The Trunk Length In Adolescent Athletes, Bihter Akınoğlu, Büşra Paköz, Adnan Hasanoğlu, Tuğba Kocahan

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Background: ‪‪The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Sit-and-Reach (SR) test and the height, the leg length, and the trunk length of the male and female adolescent athletes, and to obtain relative SR test results using these anthropometric values. Material and methods: ‪‪Fifty-six adolescent athletes were included in the study. The athletes’ trunk, hip, and hamstring flexibility were evaluated with the SR test (traditional). The height-relative SR, leg length-relative SR and trunk length-relative SR test values were calculated by proportioning each data with the SR test values. Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis were used according to …

Physical Activity And Gene Association With Human Obesity, Katarzyna Switala, Agata Leonska-Duniec

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The obesity is a leading cause of health problems all over the world. It is a comlex health abnormality that is influenced by developmental, behavioural, environmental, and genetic factors. Although the role of physical activity and diet in regulation of body weight is well described, the genetic variants potentially influencing the characteristics and range of the body’s adaptive response to physical activity in healthy individuals still remains mostly unknown. The main aim of this study is to review current evidence, through a literature review and the results of our studies, on the influence of selected molecular markers on the development …

The Effect Of Core Strength Training On Flexibility And Balance In Sedentary Healthy Young Individuals, Hatice Yakut, Burcu Talu

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of core strength training on the static and dynamic balance and flexibility of the sedentary young individuals. Material and methods: ‪‪41 healthy sedentary students participated in the study (age=21.56±1.05; height=171.90±8.18 cm; body weight=66.63±11.99 kg). Training was applied for 20–30 minutes a day, 2 days a week for 6 weeks. The sit-and-reach test, lateral bending test, hip flexion flexibility test, and the static and dynamic balance scores were used for outcome measures, which were calculated using the Balance System SD (Korebalance Premier-19 Systems Inc. USA). Results: Statistically significant increases were …

Identification Of Elite Performance Characteristics Specific To Anthropometric Characteristics, Athletic Skills And Motor Competencies Of Combat Athletes, Hilal Gürsoy, Umut Canli

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪‪Knowing all the features required for elite performance in sports disciplines under the name of combat sports is among the most important parameters for discipline-specific talent identification and selection. Material and methods: ‪‪The research group consists of male and female athletes within the age range of 12–17 who are licensed in taekwondo, karate, judo, and wrestling. A total of 70 athletes, 21 elite and 49 non-elite athletes, participated in the study voluntarily. Anthropometric, athletic and motor competency tests were applied to determine the elite performance elements of the groups. Results: Comparing the elite and non-elite athletes, statistically significant differences …

Evaluation Of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors And The Level Of Knowledge Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Of Individuals 60 Years Old And Older With A Chronic Disease, Nevzat Demirci, Ahmet Toptas

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: This study aimed to evaluate healthy lifestyle behaviors and levels of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors of individuals with chronic diseases aged 60 and over. Material and methods: The study was conducted with 362 participants over the age of 60 (female 67.12 ± 5.11 and male 69.38 ± 5.51). The Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II (HLBS II) were used in the study. Results: The total mean scores of the participants in CARRF-KL and HLBS II were 16.99 ± 4.69 and 105.17 ± 22.88, respectively. The mean scores of the …

Differences Between Official And Non-Official Matches In Worst-Case Scenarios In Elite Futsal Players, Konstantinos Spyrou, Tomás T. Freitas, Elena Marín-Cascales, Rubén Herrero-Carrasco, Pedro E. Alcaraz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪This study aimed to compare the worst-case scenarios (WCS) between official (OFF) and non-official (Non-OFF) matches, in different time-periods in an elite futsal team. Material and methods: Twenty-six games were divided into OFF (n = 13) and Non-OFF (n = 13). The WCS were calculated using: two methods, rolling averages (ROLL) and fixed-periods (FIX); four-length epochs (30-s, 1-, 3-, and 5-min); and player load per minute (PL·min-1). Results: Considering ROLL, significant and small differences were found in PL·min-1, with higher intensity in 30-s (p = 0.001; ES = -0.53) and 1-min (p = 0.001; ES = -0.47) in OFF …

Determination Of Energy Intake And Dietary Habits And Their Relationship With Physical Activity Levels And Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Of Primary Education And Pre-Service Teachers, Arzu Özkan, Taner Bozkuş, Ali Özkan, Gürhan Kayihan

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Participation in physical activity (PA) from a young age helps to build the foundation for a healthy life in the future. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between energy intake, dietary habits, PA levels, and healthy lifestyle behaviours (HLSBs) in primary education and pre-service teachers. Material and methods: A total of 105 primary education teachers (69 female, 36 male) and 95 pre-service teachers (64 female, 31 male) participated voluntarily in this study. To determine energy intake and dietary habits, participants completed a form detailing what they had consumed during the previous 24 hours. The short …

The Effect Of Shoulder Injury Prevention Program On Glenohumeral Range Of Motion And Upper Extremity Performance In Adolescent Throwers: A Pilot Study, Gamze Cobanoglu, Hasan Aka, Nevin A. Guzel

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) Shoulder Injury Prevention Program is an exercise program developed to increase the internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), external rotator muscle strength and scapular muscle strength and to improve kinetic chain involvement and thoracic mobility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of this program on glenohumeral ROM and upper extremity functional performance in adolescent throwers. Material and Methods: Ten adolescent throwers (discus, shot put and javelin throwers) were involved in the study. The OSTRC Shoulder Injury Prevention Program was applied three times a week for 8 weeks …

Methodology Of Physical Exercise: A Proposal And Reliability Of A Questionnaire For Fitness Professionals, Francys Paula Cantieri, Antonio Carlos Gomes, Gustavo Aires De Arruda, Diogo Henrique Constantino Coledam, Edineia Aparecida Gomes Ribeiro, Mauro Virgilio Gomes De Barros, Ágata Cristina Marques Aranha

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Several benefits of physical exercise for health are described in the literature and knowing the methodology adopted by professionals is relevant. Objective: Proposal and analysis of the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on the methodological practice of professionals working in the fitness area. Material and methods: Design: Reproducibility study. Method: The questionnaire was prepared following the steps: search for existing instruments, elaboration of the questions, pretesting (n = 30), face/content validity (n = 5), and reliability (n = 333). The internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha), magnitude of the association between nominal questions (Cramer's V or Phi) and test-retest reliability (Kappa …

Profile Of Sport Competition Anxiety Trait And Psychological Coping Skills Among Secondary School Athletes In Enugu State, South East Nigeria, Tochi Emmanuel Iwuagwu, Joshua Emeka Umeifekwem, Samuel Ndubuisi Igwe, Okechukwu Kingsley Oforka, Oluchukwu Precious Udeh

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The study investigated the profile of sport competition anxiety trait and psychological coping skills (PCS) among secondary school athletes in Enugu State, South East Nigeria. Material/Methods: A total number of 420 secondary school athletes participated in a cross-sectional study. The profile of sport competition anxiety trait and psychological coping skills of the participants were measured using a 46-item questionnaire consisting of three socio-demographic factors as part I, a 15-item Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) as part II and a 28-item Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI) as part III. Mean, standard deviation and linear regressions were used for analyses. Results: …