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Articles 31 - 60 of 98
Full-Text Articles in Sociology of Culture
Empirical Correlates Of Cosmopolitan Orientation: Etiology And Functions In A Worldwide Representative Sample, James H. Liu, Robert Jiqi Zhang, Angela K. Y. Leung, Homero Gil De Zúñiga, Cecilia Gastardo-Conac, Vadym Vasiutynskyi, Larissa Kus-Harbord
Empirical Correlates Of Cosmopolitan Orientation: Etiology And Functions In A Worldwide Representative Sample, James H. Liu, Robert Jiqi Zhang, Angela K. Y. Leung, Homero Gil De Zúñiga, Cecilia Gastardo-Conac, Vadym Vasiutynskyi, Larissa Kus-Harbord
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Psychology has begun contributing to social theory by providing empirical measures of actually existing cosmopolitanism that complements more purely theoretical conceptions of the construct common in philosophy and sociology. Drawing from two waves of research on representative adult samples from 19 countries (N = 8740), metric invariance was found for the three factors of cosmopolitan orientation (COS): cultural openness (CO), global prosociality (GP), and respect for cultural diversity (RCD). In terms of etiology, among Wave 1 measures, the personality factor of agreeableness was the best predictor of the cosmopolitan factors of GP and RCD at Wave 2, whereas openness …
Fractured Lives, Newfound Freedoms? The Dialectics Of Religious Seekership Among Chinese Migrants In Singapore, Orlando Woods, Lily Kong
Fractured Lives, Newfound Freedoms? The Dialectics Of Religious Seekership Among Chinese Migrants In Singapore, Orlando Woods, Lily Kong
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This paper explores the negotiations involved in the process of Chinesemigrants converting to Christianity in Singapore. For many Chinesepeople, migration involves being exposed to religion for the first time,and for some, it involves them converting to Christianity. In Singapore,the conversion of Chinese migrants to Christianity occurs in a context of‘shared’ Chinese ethnicity, which can provide both bridges and barriersto the formation of Chinese Christian identities and communities. This‘shared’ ethnicity causes many Christian groups in Singapore to targetChinese migrants in their evangelisation efforts, which can result inmigrant and non-migrant Chinese communities being formed andfractured through religion. Drawing on qualitative data, four …
Perceptions Of Upward Social Mobility: The Role Of Culture, Social Class And Meritocratic Beliefs, Bek Wuay Tang
Perceptions Of Upward Social Mobility: The Role Of Culture, Social Class And Meritocratic Beliefs, Bek Wuay Tang
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Perceptions of social mobility affect how people evaluate their society and influence support for policies to reduce income inequality. Although prior research has shown that Americans tend to overestimate upward social mobility (Alesina, Stantcheva, & Teso, 2018; Davidai & Gilovich, 2015; Kraus & Tan, 2015), this has not been demonstrated in a non-Western context. The primary goal of this research was to investigate if past findings of overestimations of social mobility would be replicated on a culturally different and non-Western sample (i.e. Singaporeans). A secondary goal was to examine factors that affect mobility perceptions in this sample and uncover possible …
Effects Of Cultural Tightness-Looseness And Social Network Density On Expression Of Positive And Negative Emotions: A Large-Scale Study Of Impression Management By Facebook Users, Pan Liu, David Chan, Lin Qiu, William Tov, Victor Joo Chuan Tong
Effects Of Cultural Tightness-Looseness And Social Network Density On Expression Of Positive And Negative Emotions: A Large-Scale Study Of Impression Management By Facebook Users, Pan Liu, David Chan, Lin Qiu, William Tov, Victor Joo Chuan Tong
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Using data from 13,789 Facebook users across U.S. states, this study examined the main effects of societal-level cultural tightness–looseness and its interaction effects with individuals’ social network density on impression management (IM) in terms of online emotional expression. Results showed that individuals from culturally tight (vs. loose) states were more likely to express positive emotions and less likely to express negative emotions. Meanwhile, for positive emotional expression, there was a tightness–looseness by social network density interaction effect. In culturally tight states, individuals with dense (vs. sparse) networks were more likely to express positive emotions, while in culturally loose states this …
The Making Of A Construct: Lessons From 30 Years Of The Kogut And Singh Cultural Distance Index, Ilya R. P. Cuypers, Gokhan Ertug, Pursey Pmar M.A.R. Heugens, Bruce Kogut, Tengjian Zou
The Making Of A Construct: Lessons From 30 Years Of The Kogut And Singh Cultural Distance Index, Ilya R. P. Cuypers, Gokhan Ertug, Pursey Pmar M.A.R. Heugens, Bruce Kogut, Tengjian Zou
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The 30-year anniversary of Kogut and Singh’s (1988) groundbreaking study that introduced the concept of cultural distance and its accompanying measure provides the opportunity to take stock of what makes for a good construct. We organize our discussion around the issues of concept, algorithm, and data to clarify and gauge their contribution, before highlighting the impact of their work more generally. Many of the challenges raised by critical observers focus on one of these three dimensions. As there is value in looking systematically at the construct from concept to data, we set out the argument of the index and discuss …
How National Culture Influences Individuals’ Subjective Experience With Paradoxical Tensions, Joshua Keller, Erica Wen Chen, Angela K. Y. Leung
How National Culture Influences Individuals’ Subjective Experience With Paradoxical Tensions, Joshua Keller, Erica Wen Chen, Angela K. Y. Leung
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how national culture influences individuals’ subjective experience of tension when confronting paradoxical demands that arise during their day-to-day organizational experience. The paper further explores two types of paradoxical demands (task-oriented and relational-oriented) and two mediating mechanisms (tolerance for contradictions and harmony enhancement concerns) that exhibit contrary cultural effects.Design/methodology/approach: Drawing from a sample of white-collar workers in China and the USA, the authors first inductively generated scenarios with task-oriented and relational-oriented paradoxical demands and then conducted three studies where participants rated the perceived tension from the scenarios. In Study 1, they examined …
Mobile Bodies, (Im)Mobile Beliefs? Religious Accord And Discord As Migratory Outcomes, Lily Kong, Orlando Woods
Mobile Bodies, (Im)Mobile Beliefs? Religious Accord And Discord As Migratory Outcomes, Lily Kong, Orlando Woods
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article advances a new understanding of the outcomes that arise from the movement and settlement of religion. These outcomes can range from religious accord to discord; or, from the full integration of migrant religions to inter-religious conflict. It identifies two axes that determine such outcomes. The first relates to the interplay between transnational religious agency and the strength of local religious structures. Harder structures are more likely to require migrant religious groups to make greater compromises to bring about situations of religious accord, while softer structures are less likely to do so. The second relates to the interplay between …
Revealed Traits: A Novel Method For Estimating Cross-Cultural Similarities And Differences In Personality, Cory Costello, Dustin Wood, William Tov
Revealed Traits: A Novel Method For Estimating Cross-Cultural Similarities And Differences In Personality, Cory Costello, Dustin Wood, William Tov
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Cross-cultural research on personality has often led to surprising and countertheoretical findings, which have led to concerns over the validity of country-level estimates of personality (e.g., Heine, Buchtel, & Norenzayan, 2008). The present study explores how cross-cultural differences can be indexed via revealed trait estimates, which index the personality traits of individuals or groups indirectly through their likelihood of responding in particular ways to particular situations. In two studies, we measure self-reports of personality, revealed traits, and revealed preferences for different expected effects (e.g., experiencing excitement) of two cultural groups (U.S. and Singaporean participants). We found typical East–West differences in …
Social Stratosphere: Hot Topics And Happenings In Social Innovation, Tamara Prabhakar, Trang Delos Luu
Social Stratosphere: Hot Topics And Happenings In Social Innovation, Tamara Prabhakar, Trang Delos Luu
Social Space
Ever heard of a kind of handmade paper that lasts up to 800 years? The extremely durable Dó paper—made from the bark of the Rhamnoneuron balansae and traditionally produced in Vietnam—is renowned for its durability and resilience, and famous for being the canvas for Vietnamese folk art paintings. However, the meticulous manufacturing process of Dó paper, involving up to 100 steps, is fast becoming obsolete due to the rise in mass-produced goods. Wishing to revitalise this industry, Tran Hong Nhung founded the social enterprise Zo Project, which aims to support the livelihoods of artisans and promote the papermaking trade. Not …
Cultural Capital Schemes In Asia: Mirroring Europe Or Carving Out Their Own Concepts?, David Ocon
Cultural Capital Schemes In Asia: Mirroring Europe Or Carving Out Their Own Concepts?, David Ocon
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Despite bearing similar names and sharing certainaims, the implementation of the CulturalCity/Capital initiative in Europe and in the sub-regions of Southeast andNortheast Asia has been substantially dissimilar. In Europe, the annual EuropeanCity of Culture (ECOC) status commonly constitutes an opportunity toshowcase the best of the arts and culture of the host city, and counts on thesupport of sizable public funding. In Southeast Asia, the initiative scarcelyreceives any public or regional funds and the understanding of what thedesignation means varies widely from country to country. In Northeast Asia,regional diplomacy is one of the main motivations for initiating the scheme. This paper …
A Resilient Society For A Global Singapore, Arnoud Cyriel Leo De Meyer
A Resilient Society For A Global Singapore, Arnoud Cyriel Leo De Meyer
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
I was intrigued by the theme of this conference about the social futures of Singapore. I believe that Singapore is at a tipping point of thinking about its future. This is not because it was Singapore’s 50 years of independence last year and we are now looking at the next 50 years. It is simply because Singapore has become a very mature and rich society. It probably has to start thinking in a very different way about its future. I had, at other occasions, mentioned my belief that Singapore’s resilience will be one of the key requirements for it to …
Farmers' Cooperatives In China: A Typology Of Fraud And Failure, Zhanping Hu, Qian Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
Farmers' Cooperatives In China: A Typology Of Fraud And Failure, Zhanping Hu, Qian Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Since the 1990s, agricultural cooperatives—particularly what China calls Farmers’ Specialized Cooperatives—have experienced rapid expansion in China. After more than two decades of growth and policy support, what is the overall performance of the ever-increasing numbers of these cooperatives? We visited 50 cooperatives across the country, most of which had officially been lauded as successful, to make a first-hand evaluation of their overall status and performance. We argue that, judging by either international or Chinese standards, the vast majority of these agricultural cooperatives are not authentic and fail to deliver expected benefits to smallholders. We categorize them into five types: genuine …
A Tale Of Two Chinese Cultural Centres, Tan K. B. Eugene
A Tale Of Two Chinese Cultural Centres, Tan K. B. Eugene
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
In a commentary, SMU Associate Professor of Law Eugene Tan shared his views on the opening of the Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre (SCCC), located in the financial district. He noted that the opening of the SCCC, established by the Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations, marks another milestone in Singapore’s multiracialism, adding that Chinese Singaporeans can also manifest their identity and culture without being perceived to be exclusive or domineering.Comparing the SCCC to the Chinese Cultural Centre (CCC), established by China’s government during China’s President Xi Jinping’s state visit to Singapore in November 2015, Associate Prof Tan said although Singapore …
What Does Successful Aging Mean? Lay Perception Of Successful Aging Among Elderly Singaporeans, Qiushi Feng, Paulin Tay Straughan
What Does Successful Aging Mean? Lay Perception Of Successful Aging Among Elderly Singaporeans, Qiushi Feng, Paulin Tay Straughan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Objectives: We explore the culturally specific meaning of successful aging in Singapore, an ethnically diverse city-state in Asia. We aim to investigate lay perceptions of successful aging among the elderly individuals in Singapore and further examine variations of these perceptions. Methods: We applied a mixed-method research design. Firstly, we conducted qualitative interviews with 49 elderly respondents, generating 12 main subjective components of successful aging. Next, we did a national survey with a sample of 1,540 local residents aged 50 to 69 years, in which respondents were asked to evaluate the importance of each subjective component of successful aging. We used …
Generation "P": Philippines' Millennial Impact Entrepreneurs, Jinky Tuliao, Zen Bin, Vivienne Zerrudo
Generation "P": Philippines' Millennial Impact Entrepreneurs, Jinky Tuliao, Zen Bin, Vivienne Zerrudo
Social Space
"Millennials"—broadly defined as those born between 1980 and 2000— are a dynamic driving force behind any country’s economic progress, but particularly so in the Philippines. Making up about 50 per cent of the national population, Philippine millennials are mainly employed in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), which in turn account for over 99 per cent of all local businesses.
The Might Of Millennials, Christopher Cheok
The Might Of Millennials, Christopher Cheok
Social Space
Throughout history, young people have been the energy and driving force of change in society. Today, that is all the more true. With the prevalence of social media, youth and young adults have the unique ability to infl uence others, and to a greater extent than parents or schools can. Since they are able to shape attitudes and values so greatly, it is important to empower youth with the necessary knowledge and tools to be a force for good, and to make positive contributions to society. Young people have shown their ability to create change and broad awareness of social …
The Young And Restless: Re-Examining Media Portrayals Of Youth, Shee Siew Ying
The Young And Restless: Re-Examining Media Portrayals Of Youth, Shee Siew Ying
Social Space
From TV programmes, to newspapers, books and magazines, traditional media’s depictions of youth have tended to dwell on either sides of two extremes: hapless victims or violent perpetrators.
Avoidance In Negative Ties: Inhibiting Closure, Reciprocity, And Homophily, Nicholas Harrigan, Janice Yap
Avoidance In Negative Ties: Inhibiting Closure, Reciprocity, And Homophily, Nicholas Harrigan, Janice Yap
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Theorising of negative ties has focused on simplex negative tie networks or multiplex signed tie networks. We examine the fundamental differences between positive and negative tie networks measured on the same set of actors. We test six mechanisms of tie formation on face-to-face positive (affect/esteem) and negative (dislike/disesteem) networks of 282 university students. While popularity, activity, and entrainment are present in both networks, closure, reciprocity, and homophily are largely absent from negative tie networks. We argue this arises because avoidance is inherent to negative sentiments. Avoidance reduces information transfer through negative ties and short-circuits cumulative causation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. …
The Cultural Pragmatics Of Political Apology, Hiro Saito
The Cultural Pragmatics Of Political Apology, Hiro Saito
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In recent decades, research on ‘political apology’, wherein the state apologizes to victims of its past wrongs, has multiplied, as redress movements based on human rights have proliferated around the world. Since most of this research has been conducted by political philosophers, however, analyses of political apologies tend to adopt formal and normative perspectives. To propose an alternative, empirically-grounded approach, in this paper, I develop the ‘cultural pragmatics’ of political apology. To this end, I first conceptualize political apology as a social performance aimed to ‘re-fuse’ an impaired relationship between the perpetrator state and the victim individual. This conceptual move …
Inventing The ‘Authentic’ Self: American Television And Chinese Audiences In Global Beijing, Yang Gao
Inventing The ‘Authentic’ Self: American Television And Chinese Audiences In Global Beijing, Yang Gao
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article examines the ways educated urban Chinese youths engage American television fiction as part of their identity work. Drawing on theories of modern reflexive identity, and based on 29 interviews with US TV fans among university students in Beijing, I found these youths are drawn to this television primarily because they perceive the American way of life portrayed on it as more ‘authentic’. This perception of authenticity must be examined within the socio-cultural milieu these students inhabit. Specifically, torn between China’s ingrained collectivist culture and its recent neoliberal emphasis on the individual self, my respondents glean from US TV …
Cultural Variability In The Link Between Environmental Concern And Support For Environmental Action, Kimin Eom, Heejung S. Kim, David K. Sherman, Keiko Ishii
Cultural Variability In The Link Between Environmental Concern And Support For Environmental Action, Kimin Eom, Heejung S. Kim, David K. Sherman, Keiko Ishii
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Research on sustainability behaviors has been based on the assumption that increasing personal concerns about the environment will increase proenvironmental action. We tested whether this assumption is more applicable to individualistic cultures than to collectivistic cultures. In Study 1, we compared 47 countries (N = 57,268) and found that they varied considerably in the degree to which environmental concern predicted support for proenvironmental action. National-level individualism explained the between-nation variability above and beyond the effects of other cultural values and independently of person-level individualism. In Study 2, we compared individualistic and collectivistic nations (United States vs. Japan; N = 251) …
Mimicking Religion As Coping Strategy: The Emergence Of The Bell-Curve God In Singapore, Lily Kong
Mimicking Religion As Coping Strategy: The Emergence Of The Bell-Curve God In Singapore, Lily Kong
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The importance placed on education and, relatedly, examinations, in many Asian societies is well known. The means adopted to cope with the stresses that come along with such intensity are myriad. It is in such contexts that the emergence of a “Bell Curve God” in Singapore must be understood.
Gangs, Clubs, And Alcohol: The Effect Of Organizational Membership On Adolescent Drinking Behavior, Chan S. Suh, Matthew E. Brashears, Michael Genkin
Gangs, Clubs, And Alcohol: The Effect Of Organizational Membership On Adolescent Drinking Behavior, Chan S. Suh, Matthew E. Brashears, Michael Genkin
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
How does adolescent organizational membership in general, and simultaneous membership in distinct types of organizations in particular, impact drinking behavior? While past studies have focused either on the learning effect of involvement with gangs or on the constraining influence of conventional organizations on adolescent problem behavior, we explore the possibility that conventional school clubs can serve as socializing opportunities for existing gang members to engage in drinking behavior with non-gang club members. Using the Add Health data, we show that gang members drink more often, and engage in more binge drinking, than non-members. More importantly, individuals who are members of …
How Do We Adopt Multiple Cultural Identities? A Multidimensional Operationalization Of The Sources Of Culture, Badri Zolfaghari, Guido Mollering, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Graham Dietz
How Do We Adopt Multiple Cultural Identities? A Multidimensional Operationalization Of The Sources Of Culture, Badri Zolfaghari, Guido Mollering, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Graham Dietz
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Given the shortcomings of unidimensional accounts of culture that are based on nationality, this paper builds on and steps beyond current multidimensional conceptualizations of culture in order to provide first empirical evidence for a multidimensional operationalization of culture. It shows the multiple and simultaneous sources of cultural values (i.e., Family, Nationality, Urban/Rural Background, etc.) that individuals draw from in order to behave in accordance with their social setting. This contributes to our understanding of how and when individuals adopt multiple cultural identities. As the first attempt to operationalize the 'mosaic' framework of culture proposed by Chao and Moon (2005), this …
Measurement Invariance Of The Brief Multidimensional Student’S Life Satisfaction Scale Among Adolescents And Emerging Adults Across 23 Cultural Contexts, Amina Abubakar, Et Al, Samantha Sim
Measurement Invariance Of The Brief Multidimensional Student’S Life Satisfaction Scale Among Adolescents And Emerging Adults Across 23 Cultural Contexts, Amina Abubakar, Et Al, Samantha Sim
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
There is hardly any cross-cultural research on the measurement invariance of the Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scales (BMSLSS). The current article evaluates the measurement invariance of the BMSLSS across cultural contexts. This cross-sectional study sampled 7,739 adolescents and emerging adults in 23 countries. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of configural and partial measurement weights invariance models, indicating similar patterns and strengths in factor loading for both adolescents and emerging adults across various countries. We found insufficient evidence for scalar invariance in both the adolescents’ and the emerging adults’ samples. A multi-level confirmatory factor analysis indicated …
Fiction As Reality: Chinese Youths Watching American Television, Yang Gao
Fiction As Reality: Chinese Youths Watching American Television, Yang Gao
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
American television fiction is gaining traction among educated urban Chinese youths. Drawing on 29 interviews with fans among college students in Beijing, this article examines a shared perception among these youths that American television is ‘‘real.’’ This perceived realism, which is essential to their viewing pleasure, has two sources: American programming’s textual quality and the Chinese context in which it is consumed. First, US television appeals to Chinese youths because they perceive its topical content and complex characterization as true to life. This perception can be explained by the higher transnational cultural capital of these youths, which renders US programming …
Intersubjective Norms: Cultural And Interpersonal Perspective, Kimin Eom, Heejung S. Kim
Intersubjective Norms: Cultural And Interpersonal Perspective, Kimin Eom, Heejung S. Kim
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Normative perspectives in cultural psychology provide a fresh view to understand the processes of cultural influence on human behavior. Although much of the existing research focuses on individuals’ internalized personal values and beliefs to explain cultural tendencies, the new perspective proposes perceived intersubjective norms as an alternative key component in cultural influence (Chiu, Gelfand, Yamagishi, Shteynberg, & Wan, 2010; Zou et al., 2009). Extending this newly emerging approach, the lead articles in this special issue address some of the important questions and issues of normative perspectives in cultural psychology. The articles provide useful explanations for why individuals vary in the …
Shaving India, Making Profits, Singapore Management University
Shaving India, Making Profits, Singapore Management University
Perspectives@SMU
Gillette was having trouble making inroads into the Indian grooming market for men...until they roped in the women
Shining The Spotlight On Cultural Policy, Tarn How Tan, Su Fern Hoe
Shining The Spotlight On Cultural Policy, Tarn How Tan, Su Fern Hoe
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Singapore has come a long way since its days of being described as a “cultural desert". The credit goes to an aggressive arts and culture development policy backed by significant funding. To fulfil its vision of Singapore as “a global city for the arts" and a “Creative City”, the government rolled out masterplans such as those for the Renaissance City and creative industries. Most recently it called for accessible community arts for every Singaporean through the Arts and Culture Strategic Review (ACSR) of 2012.
Is The Cultural Revolution Relevant In Modern China?, Singapore Management University
Is The Cultural Revolution Relevant In Modern China?, Singapore Management University
Perspectives@SMU
The short answer is "yes" to two things: charismatic leadership within the Chinese Communist Party, and dealing with democracy