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Articles 421 - 450 of 467
Full-Text Articles in Rural Sociology
Acknowledgements, Robert L. Moxley
Acknowledgements, Robert L. Moxley
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Decline Of Black Farmers And Strategies For Survival, Robert Zabawa, Arthur Siaway, Ntam Baharanyi
The Decline Of Black Farmers And Strategies For Survival, Robert Zabawa, Arthur Siaway, Ntam Baharanyi
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
By most accounts, black farmers in the United States are categorized as either limited resource or subsistence producers given an historic lack of access to credit, mechanical, and land resources. Additionally, advanced age and limited education have placed black farmers on the "endangered" list. Given these constraints to financial and human capital, black farmers have adopted survival strategies in an attempt to maintain their farms. Results presented here from research conducted in the Black Belt region of Alabama indicate that there is a high degree of participation in the off-farm workforce and reliance on off-farm income for black farm family …
The 1890 Land-Grant Universities, Robert L. Moxley
The 1890 Land-Grant Universities, Robert L. Moxley
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Future Of Farming: Regional Variation In Opinions From Louisiana And The Nation, Alan Acock, Ann Dellenbarger
The Future Of Farming: Regional Variation In Opinions From Louisiana And The Nation, Alan Acock, Ann Dellenbarger
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Findings from a 1987 telephone survey of Louisiana residents are reported. Opinions of 701 persons were gathered using a weighted probability sample across the state. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were used to identify regional clusters of parishes to determine differences among regions of the state. The results point to a paradox. While the clusters exhibited extreme variation in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, there was surprising similarity in the responses regarding opinions on agricultural issues. Support for agriculture was uniformly strong across all regions, with over 80 percent of respondents agreeing that both the state and federal governments should do a …
Acknowledgements, Robert L. Moxley
Acknowledgements, Robert L. Moxley
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
A Gender Comparison Of Former Agricultural Students' Employment Experiences, John K. Thomas, Kathy L. Schiflett
A Gender Comparison Of Former Agricultural Students' Employment Experiences, John K. Thomas, Kathy L. Schiflett
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Deepening shortages of highly qualified scientists, managers, and technical professionals seriously threaten American agriculture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which gender differences exist in former agricultural students' acquiring employment in the agricultural industry after leaving college. Data were obtained using a 30 percent random sample (n=1,730) of students enrolled in 1977 at two major land-grant universities in the Southwest. A mail survey conducted in late 1986 resulted in 707 respondents. Male out-numbered female respondents 3 to 1, which was approximately the same enrollment ratio in 1977. Findings of the survey indicate that 9 out …
Sociology And Biotechnology: Challenges And Opportunities, Thomas J. Hoban Iv
Sociology And Biotechnology: Challenges And Opportunities, Thomas J. Hoban Iv
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Sociologists have traditionally been concerned with technological change. We now find renewed research interest in the social impacts and risks of biotechnology. Many public and key opinion leaders recognize that closer attention must be paid to tradeoffs, uncertainties, and negative consequences related to biotechnology. Sociologists have a number of important roles to play in ensuring that the benefits of biotechnology outweigh the potential risks. This paper examines several important issues about agricultural biotechnology that have not yet received adequate attention from sociologists. The nature of biotechnology as an innovation and as a risky technology is examined. Particular attention is aid …
Family Type And Familism In Contemporary Appalachia, James K. Crissman
Family Type And Familism In Contemporary Appalachia, James K. Crissman
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Residents of Appalachia have long been considered isolated, "old-fashioned," and "traditional" when compared with the rest of the United States. Such terms as "yesterday's people" have been utilized to describe present-day Appalachians, and romanticized ideas abound as to the contemporary Appalachian family. It is still quite often pictured as extended and highly familistic. This research consisted of a study of 675 rural families throughout the state of West Virginia, which is the only state entirely within the Appalachian area. The interviewees tended to live in nuclear families. They did not display the expected degree of familism. Familism is related to …
Revitalizing Rural America: Focus On Rural Youth, E. Yvonne Beauford
Revitalizing Rural America: Focus On Rural Youth, E. Yvonne Beauford
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
The youth comprise a significant component of the rural population. They are rarely considered in policies, programs, or strategies for the revitalization of rural America. This paper focuses on rural youth as a potential dynamic element of change in rural America. The questions addressed are: how can we help to motivate more young people to consider careers in agriculture; and how can we improve our abilities to retain and attract talented young people to rural areas. A selected review of the relevant literature suggests that current factors influencing choice of an agriculture major differ from the past and that migration …
Determinants Of Work Status Among Heads Of Poor Families In The South, Elizabeth S. Morrissey
Determinants Of Work Status Among Heads Of Poor Families In The South, Elizabeth S. Morrissey
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Increases in the incidence of working-age persons outside the labor force and poor female-headed families have focused national attention on that portion of the working-age poor who do not work. This study examines the role of selected demographic, family and family income variables on the work status (working versus nonworking) of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan heads of poor families in the South. The findings indicate that both age and receipt of public welfare in the previous year exert significant influences on working, regardless of residence. By residence, race is a more important predictor of work status in metropolitan than nonmetropolitan areas, …
Our Authors, Robert L. Moxley
Acknowledgements, Robert L. Moxley
Acknowledgements, Robert L. Moxley
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Black Farmers And The Economic And Social Conditions Where They Live: Some Policy Implications, Robert A. Hoppe, Herman Bluestone
Black Farmers And The Economic And Social Conditions Where They Live: Some Policy Implications, Robert A. Hoppe, Herman Bluestone
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Black farmers tend to live in southern counties where nonfarm employment opportunities are limited. These counties have grown slowly, much more slowly than southern metropolitan areas. In counties with concentrations of black farmers, blacks face severe economic and social conditions. They have a higher incidence of poverty, less education, and higher unemployment than other blacks in the South. In addition, blacks in these counties lag far behind whites in socioeconomic status. Economic growth and socioeconomic conditions in counties with black farmers vary considerably by region. Strategies to address the black farm crisis must consider both the characteristics of black farmers, …
The Rural South In Crisis: New Challenges For Rural Development, Lionel J. Beaulieu
The Rural South In Crisis: New Challenges For Rural Development, Lionel J. Beaulieu
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Rural society has been subjected to a series of forces during the course of the last two decades. Since the advent of the 1980s, the economic viability of many farm operations has been severely jeopardized. Although attention has been directed primarily to the Midwest farm belt, farm stress has, in many respects, been greater in the South than in any other region of the country. Moreover, the crisis is not strictly an agricultural one, for a large number of communities across the rural landscape, especially in the South, have been subjected to crises of their own. While the so-called "rural …
Effects Of Alternate Income-Generating Strategies Of Small Farm Households: A Modified Farming Systems Approach, E. Yvonne Beauford, H. Max Miller
Effects Of Alternate Income-Generating Strategies Of Small Farm Households: A Modified Farming Systems Approach, E. Yvonne Beauford, H. Max Miller
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
The growing dependence of small farm households upon nonfarm income involves important changes in sources of income, in levels and techniques of production, and in assessments of economic well-being. Based on a sample of small-farm households drawn from the four rural development regions of Georgia, this research examines these changes by focusing on household income, tracing patterns of decision-making related to its production, and attempts to evaluate the consequent economic well-being of small-farm households. The primary analytic technique is discriminant analysis, with 28 variables representing three elements of the farming system--the household, the household's resources and farming enterprises. Findings suggest …
Rural Sociological Research In The South: An Historical Overview, Alvin L. Bertrand
Rural Sociological Research In The South: An Historical Overview, Alvin L. Bertrand
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
The history of rural sociological research in the South is examined in terms of eras: Early History, The Depression Years, the War Years, the Great Society, and the New Rural Sociology. Although following national patterns, southern rural sociological research has maintained a regional character, attuned to the unique problems of the region.
Is Structural Differentiation In Localities A Single Or Multidimensional Phenomenon? Alternative Measures And Relation To Population, Terry J. Tomazic, Robert L. Moxley
Is Structural Differentiation In Localities A Single Or Multidimensional Phenomenon? Alternative Measures And Relation To Population, Terry J. Tomazic, Robert L. Moxley
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Several measures of structural differentiation for various institutionalized areas of county development are compared. Evidence regarding the hypotheses that differentiation is a system-wide, unidimensional phenomenon and that it is related to population are investigated. Scalable dimensions are found to exist among county administrative characteristics, medical special ties, commercial services, and educational institutions. Guttman scales formed from the complexity of such development are often used along with population size as operational measures of locality differentiation. The four scales and population size are analyzed together using the Guttman-Lingoes Multiple Scalogram Analysis for three different points in time. It is concluded that the …
Family Economic Organization And The Practice Of Subsistence Cropping: The Case Of Swaziland, Vernaline Watson
Family Economic Organization And The Practice Of Subsistence Cropping: The Case Of Swaziland, Vernaline Watson
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
An understanding of interrelationships between agronomic systems and the larger social organizational structures that sustain them is deemed crucial in devising appropriate strategies for increased crop production in Africa and other nonwestern settings. This paper focuses on Swaziland, in southern Africa, where effort is under way to promote surplus, commercial cropping among small-scale indigenous farmers. The persistence of subsistence type cropping by these farmers is shown to relate to traditional patterns of family economic organization, specifically division of labor and ties of economic interdependence among family members. Implications for agronomic policy are discussed.
Acknowledgement, James H. Copp
Selection Factors In Housing Among Rural Low-To-Moderate Income Residents, Kenneth J. Gruber, Ann R. Hiatt, Gladys G. Shelton
Selection Factors In Housing Among Rural Low-To-Moderate Income Residents, Kenneth J. Gruber, Ann R. Hiatt, Gladys G. Shelton
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Growth in rural areas has increased the need to examine more closely the quality and acceptability of different types of existing housing. This study focuses on the reasons rural residents moved to their housing and whether their needs were satisfied by their selections. Comparisons of reasons for moving among conventional home, mobile home, and apartment residents indicated similar motivations for housing choices. Comparisons of present housing satisfaction revealed that a large majority of all respondents selected housing that met their needs. The results suggest that despite the predominant preference for single-family conventionally built homes, a substantial portion of future housing …
Traditional And Non-Traditional Explanations Of Food Consumption: The Case Of Beef, Patricia K. Guseman, William Alex Mcintosh, Stephen G. Sapp
Traditional And Non-Traditional Explanations Of Food Consumption: The Case Of Beef, Patricia K. Guseman, William Alex Mcintosh, Stephen G. Sapp
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Changes in the consumption of many foods, particularly beef, underlie the recent interest in isolating factors explaining these trends. This study focuses on three orienting explanations for differential beef consumption--microeconomic, social structural, and risk reduction perspectives. Consumption is defined by past and anticipated future utilization of beef, as well as present beef consumption relative to possible substitutes. While the microeconomic model is the most useful for isolating an individual's beef intake, it is clear that consumption behavior is dependent on more than income and supply factors. Social structural and risk reduction perspectives increase by 83 percent the R² found through …
A Rural-Urban Comparison Of Preferences Expressed By Elders For Long-Term Care Arrangements, William J. Mcauley, Rosemary Blieszner
A Rural-Urban Comparison Of Preferences Expressed By Elders For Long-Term Care Arrangements, William J. Mcauley, Rosemary Blieszner
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
This paper examines the long-term care (LTC) arrangements selected by rural older people, identifies the characteristics associated with their selections, and compares patterns of selection and related factors with those of elderly urban residents. The research is based upon 1,240 cases selected from a larger statewide area probability sample of noninstitutionalized persons at least 60 years old. Results, based upon tabular and logistic regression analysis, suggest that older rural residents are more likely than their urban counterparts to select LTC arrangements that involve both formal and informal forms of care as well as arrangements that are more likely to facilitate …
The All New This Old South, Leann M. Tigges, Gary P. Green
The All New This Old South, Leann M. Tigges, Gary P. Green
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Recent claims concerning the rise of the Sunbelt closely resemble those previously made about the New South. It is assumed that the South has finally broken the ties of dependency with the North and has embarked on a remarkable path of self-sustained growth. In fact, this growth in the South is considered to be largely at the expense of the North. These and other similar claims are based on five assumptions about the South: 1) An economic transformation has occurred in the region; 2) absentee ownership is minimal; 3) benefits of economic growth has been diffused to most segments of …
Our Authors, James H. Copp
Income Security Policy And The Nonmetro Poor, Susan Bentley
Income Security Policy And The Nonmetro Poor, Susan Bentley
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Income security in the United States is affected by both income transfer policy and tax policy. Transfer payments have reduced the incidence of poverty in the United States. The nonmetro poverty rates, however, remains higher than the metro poverty rate, even after considering growing in-kind transfers. Additionally, nonmetro areas depend heavily on transfer payments for personal income. Because adjustments in tax policy have not kept pace with inflation, the working poor have paid an increasing share of their income in taxes. This is particularly important for nonmetro areas, as most of their poor families contain at least one worker. The …
Impact Of Farm Policies On Agriculture, Farm Structure, And Rural Communities, Ronald D. Knutson, James W. Richardson, Edward G. Smith
Impact Of Farm Policies On Agriculture, Farm Structure, And Rural Communities, Ronald D. Knutson, James W. Richardson, Edward G. Smith
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
This paper discusses the economic, technological, and political factors affecting farm and rural community structure. It concludes that the economic and technological pressures leading to a more concentrated commercial agriculture are strong and political choices to the contrary will likely fail. This conclusion implies an increased need for pragmatic transition policies.
Influence Of The Community Economic Base On Off-Farm Employment, Gregory S. Taylor, Mike D. Woods
Influence Of The Community Economic Base On Off-Farm Employment, Gregory S. Taylor, Mike D. Woods
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Current research indicates the prevalence of off-farm employment among United States farm families creates an important linkage between farm and nonfarm sectors of the economy. The contention is that the nonfarm sector contributes through this medium to the economic viability of the farm sector. Despite the relevance of this linkage, few attempts have been made to further specify its nature. This study examines the extent and source (by industry) of off-farm employment in Texas nonmetropolitan counties, classified by their economic base. Data are from the 1980 Census of Population and the classification of nonmetro counties developed by ERS, USDA. The …
Accountability And The Cooperative Extension Service: An Emerging Role For Rural Sociology, Howard Ladewig
Accountability And The Cooperative Extension Service: An Emerging Role For Rural Sociology, Howard Ladewig
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
Presidential address of the Southern Rural Sociological Association, Orlando, Florida, February 1986.
Changes In Industrial And Occupational Structures Of Texas Counties, 1960-80, John K. Thomas, H. L. Goodwin Jr.
Changes In Industrial And Occupational Structures Of Texas Counties, 1960-80, John K. Thomas, H. L. Goodwin Jr.
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
This paper identifies and examines industrial and occupational changes that have accompanied population growth in Texas. According to the 1960 U.S. Census definitions for county size, Texas counties were grouped as metropolitan, urban-nonrnetropolitan, and rural-nonmetropolitan. Employment in 13 industrial and 9 occupational categories was used to measure sustenance differentiation. Industrial employment (SDI) diversified in both the sixties and seventies as nonrnetropolitan counties became more structurally homogeneous. Occupational employment (SDO) decreased in operative, labor, and farmer-farm worker jobs and increased in sales, crafts, clerical, and professional-technical-kindred jobs. Additionally, in 1980 SDI and SDO were markedly less correlated than in previous years, …
Incidence, Magnitude, And Determinants Of Off-Farm Income In Tennessee And The South, Surendra P. Singh
Incidence, Magnitude, And Determinants Of Off-Farm Income In Tennessee And The South, Surendra P. Singh
Journal of Rural Social Sciences
The major objectives of this study are to identify the incidence and magnitude of of f-farm income in Tennessee and the South and to determine factors affecting off-farm income of a select group of farm families. Regression models were estimated using cross-sectional data collected from 193 randomly selected farm families in two Tennessee counties. Two models were estimated: the first, for the farm operator's off-farm income; and the second, for the total off-farm income of the family. The study revealed various socioeconomic factors affecting total off-farm family income and operator's off-farm income. Elasticities were also determined for each of the …