Inequality and Stratification Commons^™

Older Adults Responsible For Total Growth In Drug Arrests, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

After years of decline, adults 25 and older were responsible for increasing drug crime arrests after 2015. In contrast, young adults, teenagers, and children experienced drug arrest drops. This databit looks at the drug violation arrest rates from 2000 to 2018 and trends between various age groups.

Book Review: The New Immigrant Whiteness: Race, Neoliberalism, And Post-Soviet Migration To The United States, By Claudia Sadowski-Smith, Tim Engles

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Critical Reviews Of Flawed Research On Prostitution, Donna M. Hughes

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

No abstract provided.

Social Dimensions Of Student Debt: A Data Mining Analysis, Dirk Witteveen, Paul Attewell

Journal of Student Financial Aid

Media commentary on undergraduates' loan debt portrays a crisis in which many students are unable to pay back their loans, having borrowed large sums and lacking sufficient post-college income to repay. Several scholars have questioned the media accounts, noting that indebtedness is highest among students from high income families, while defaults predominate among low debt students. Using a data mining technique known as CART, we analyze national data on the indebtedness of recent baccalaureate graduates, to uncover combinations of social characteristics that are associated with loan pressure: the ratio of indebtedness to post-college earnings. We find that students from lower …

Plastic Bags And Bamboo Stools, Grace R. Bithell

Marriott Student Review

This paper conducts a critical analyses of microfinance institutions. It gives an overview of the complexities of credit in developing countries and shows how microfinance fits into the equations. It discussed the successes and failures of microenterprises in trying to alleviate poverty. It also delves into best practices pertaining to lending to the poor and how microfinance is impacted by culture in developing nations.

Achieving Energy Justice In Low Income Communities: Creating A Community-Driven Program For Residential Energy Savings, Anya Galli Robertson, Kevin Hallinan, Jennifer Hoody

Biennial Conference: The Social Practice of Human Rights

The cost of residential energy the U.S. is unequally distributed, with low income households paying higher rates and spending 16.8% of their income on utility bills compared to 3.5% of all U.S. Residents.[1] Researchers have found that bringing the housing stock up to the efficiency of the median household would reduce excess energy cost by as much as 68%.[2] However, access to opportunities to reduce residential energy consumption and costs such as tax incentives and utility rebate programs tends to be biased toward wealthier, white homeowners. Additionally, low income residents are most likely to be renters, and residence owners have …

El Otro Mundo Posible En El Horizonte: El Imaginario Político Y La Política Prefigurativa De Lxs Estudiantes De Las Protestas De Otoño 2019, Lorne Carter

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

October 2019, mass mobilizations erupted across Chile in a widespread rebellion against the neoliberal system of economic austerity and the current government. In such a powerful historical moment undoubtedly decisive for the direction of the country, this paper seeks to examine how student participants, an increasingly strong voice of radical dissidence in recent years of social movements, imagine a better Chile. Engaging with classic and contemporary theories of social movements, this paper analyzes the methods of organization and action utilized by the protesters and how they are influenced by institutional structures and the political opportunities available. Through interviews and the …

Exigimos Inclusión, No Tolerancia: La Interseccionalidad En Los Movimientos Estudiantiles En Argentina, Angélica Ramos

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Los movimientos estudiantiles en Argentina surgieron en respuesta a las desigualdades y represión dentro del sistema educativo. Los estudiantes intentan luchar para una educación de calidad, igual y gratuita para todos. Lamentablemente, como consecuencia de la historia de genocidio y esclavitud en Argentina, ideas racistas y coloniales existen hoy día en las mentalidades de muchos argentinos. Esta investigación analiza las maneras en que permanece estas mentalidades dentro de los movimientos estudiantiles y como evita la interseccionalidad e inclusión de poblaciones marginalizadas. Porque si continúa la falta de interseccionalidad de parte de estudiantes privilegiados hacia estudiantes y poblaciones femme, trans, indígena …

An Examination Of Housing Along The U.S.-Mexico Border: Colonias In Texas And Its Impact On Children, Gisselle Flores

Student Publications

Colonias in Texas have been constructed over the past 65 years, and many of these housing units started off as temporary solutions for the lack of affordable public housing for migrant farmworkers. Children in colonias are one of the most vulnerable residents in an already vulnerable population, and the obstacles that residents in colonias face have a severe impact on children. One of the most prominent challenges that impact children living in Texas colonias is food insecurity. These challenges that these communities face in food security is also contributing to the rise in health issues especially for these children.

Modal Sosial Bonding Dalam Pengembangan Kampung Wisatakreatif Dago Pojok Kota Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Alfrojems Alfrojems, Triyanti Anugrahin

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

The development of a tourism village has become one of the primaries in community development, especially in rural areas, carried out either by the government or other parties. This is an effort to alleviate poverty in rural areas which is currently an area with a reasonably large amount of poverty with 15.15 million people. But the process of this development provides a dilemma and question about how the process can develop bondsin the community itself that are relevant to the context of bonding social capital. This article aims to explore information about how Dago Pojok creative tourism village community develops …

Hambatan Serikat Pekerja Dalam Penyelesaianpermasalahan Hubungan Industrial, Fitriyah Fitriyah, Rakha Gusti Wardhana

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

Although labore unions can help their members in solving problems related to industrial relations, it still takes a long time due to the lack of it’s ability to negotiate with companies. This can be seen in the process of resolving layoffs and work status at PT X which took 4 years, from 2013 to 2016 to reach an agreement. This research aims to describe the obstacles faced by labor unions in conducting negotiations and the efforts they have made to improve their capabilities. This research is a qualitative descriptive study and using purposive sampling techniques to selected the informant and …

Hubungan Tingkat Work-Life Balance Terhadap Tingkatkepuasan Kerja Karyawan Organisasi Pelayanankemanusiaan, Karyawan Yayasan Plan Internationalindonesia, Iga Larasati, Ety Rahayu

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

This undergraduate thesis discusses about the correlation of work-life balance to job satisfaction among Yayasan Plan International Indonesia’s Employees. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive design. This research is background by the importance of employee’s satisfaction in the Human Service Organization’s setting. Meanwhile, the research about employee’s job satisfaction among Human Service Organization is still rare. The result of this research shows that there’s a very weak correlation between the level work-life balance to the level of job satisfaction among Yayasan Plan International Indonesia’s Employees. This can be caused by the difference in characteristic between HSO and company. …

Strategi Bertahan Hidup Nelayan-Nelayan Kecil Desa Batu Ampar,Kecamatan Palmatak, Kabupaten Anambas, Lutfiana Nur Azizah, Triyanti Anugrahini

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

Common problems faced by fishermen include the limited availability of fish resources, due to over fishing, climate change and the instability of fish selling prices. This condition is also experienced by small fishermen in Batu Ampar Village who carry out traditional fishing activities on the high seas. Facing the limitations of accessible fish resources and the uncertainty of the climate, they made various efforts so that they could survive. The purpose of this study was to describe the survival strategies of small fishermen in Batu Ampar Village in dealing with the problems faced while they were at sea. This research …

Penyandang Disabilitas Di Indonesia:Perkembangan Istilah Dan Definisi, Dini Widinarsih

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

Riset menunjukkan keterkaitan erat antara pemahaman publik tentang disabilitas dan penyandang disabilitas dengan perilaku diskriminatif yang mereka alami dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pemahaman umum masyarakat di dunia, termasuk Indonesia, tentang penyandang disabilitas masih cenderung negatif. Pemahaman negatif itu karena masyarakat umumnya mendefinisikan dan memperlakukan penyandang disabilitas berdasarkan pada pola pikir yang didominasi oleh konsep kenormalan yang berimplikasi pada stigmatisasi dan diskriminasi terhadap para penyandang disabilitas. Hal itu, termasuk di Indonesia terutama disebabkan masih terbatasnya diseminasi informasi dan edukasi resmi dari pemerintahan atau otoritas terkait serta hasil kajian ilmiah tentang disabilitas dan penyandang disabilitas. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kajian literatur terkait pemahaman …

A Comparative Study On Mental Health Knowledge Based On Socioeconomic Status In Kisumu Kenya 2019, Mashoud Kaba

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Studies show that people who live in rural Kenya have more positive attitudes toward mental illnesses than people in urban areas. They also had more mental health knowledge. One of the differentiating factors between the two environments is the socioeconomic status of those who live in each area. People in rural areas tend to be of lower socioeconomic status, while those living in urban areas tend to be of a higher socioeconomic status. I wanted to see if the previous findings would be observed if we were looking at people in the same area (strictly urban or rural) with the …

Mining’S Impact On Environmental And Human Health: A Case Study Of Ramba County’S Gold Mine, Vivika Fernes

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This research project aims to gain a greater understanding of the health implications that Ramba County’s goldmine has on miners, their families, and the environment. While this study observes the community-at-large, inclusive of visiting miners and extended family members of workers, it will focus on women who engage in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). Millions of people in the developing word depend on ASGM for their livelihood, evident in this case study in Ramba County. However, while gold is associated with wealth, there is great irony in the fact that those working within the mining industry are being exploited …

El Empoderamiento Económico De Las Mujeres Y Los Programas Del Estado Argentino / The Economic Empowerment Of Women And Programs Of The Argentinian State, Kate Fulshaw

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Esta investigación estudia dos programas nacionales del Estado argentino en relación al empoderamiento económico de las mujeres. Tiene un marco específico de economía feminista que reconoce el cargo del cuidado y los trabajos no remunerados de las mujeres, especialmente en los sectores populares. Este marco de economía feminista está usada para analizar cómo los programas del Estado, los comedores nacionales y Hacemos Futuro, interactúan con el empoderamiento económico de las mujeres. A través de entrevistas y revistas de literatura, identificó las maneras en que las mujeres participan en cada programa y los impactos cada tiene. Se encuentra que los dos …

Los Proyectos Educativos Alternativos Para Terminar Con La Desigualdad, Samuel Christensen

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Esta investigación se centra en la presencia de pedagogía crítica y educación integral y popular en el sistema educativo en Chile y Argentina y los intentos de establecimientos escolares de usarlas para liberar a sus estudiantes de ciclos de segregación, discriminación y desigualdad. Hay una brecha larga en el sistema educativo actual donde un grupo de estudiantes en alta condición de vulnerabilidad social han sido etiquetado fracasos sin esperanza. Cuatro instituciones escolares fueron estudiadas a través de entrevistas, conversaciones y observaciones participantes. Mientras estos proyectos muestran un gran esfuerzo para crear espacios para cada tipo de estudiante, todavía falta mucho …

Subversión Del Binario De Género: Descubriendo Las Violencias Ejercidas Sobre Las Personas Trans En Valparaíso, Marie Mendoza

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The key purpose of this investigative work is to identify the types of transphobic violences that are inflicted on Trans people in the specific case of Valparaiso, Chile. In an attempt to understand these violences, this project follows the experiences and understandings of these violence of two trans individuals who live in this city. Following a theoretical framework of gender performativity, and the way in which gender is constructed and repeatedly performed, outlined by Judith Butler, this investigation also analyzes how these violences are derived from the subversion of trans bodies to the gender binary and the cisnormativity of society. …

La Incorporación De La Dimensión Intercultural Para Pacientes Quechuas En El Centro Comunitario De Salud Mental De Calca, Caroline Parker

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Trastornos mentales afectan a una de cada cinco personas del Perú. Sin embargo, entre las personas que indican una necesidad de atención de salud mental, 69%-85% no buscan servicios. Este problema se amplifica en zonas rurales y comunidades indígenas a lo largo del país. Debido a la falta de servicios en estas regiones, y a la ausencia de investigaciones acerca de la salud mental en comunidades indígenas, investigué los servicios para la salud mental en Calca, una provincia en el sur del Perú con una población substantiva de personas indígenas. Mi pregunta principal es: ¿de qué manera el Centro Comunitario …

“Not Yet A Priority:” The Intersectional Exploration Of Labor Market Access For People With Disabilities, Anona Neal

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Approximately one in four families in Morocco are affected by disability. Of those affected by disability, many are in vulnerable situations, because there is an explicit linkage between having a disability and likelihood of experiencing poverty. The primary reasons for this phenomenon include lack of access to education, employment and health care. Following the Arab Spring, the Moroccan government implemented Article 166 which explicitly banned workplace discrimination against people with disabilities (PWD); however, only 13% of those affected by disability of working age can find employment. In this paper, I investigate the obstacles PWD face that prevent them from accessing …

The Law And Economics Of Redistribution, Matthew Dimick

Journal Articles

Should legal rules be used to redistribute income? Or should income taxation be the exclusive means for reducing income inequality? This article reviews the legal scholarship on this question. First, it traces how the most widely cited argument in favor of using taxes exclusively--Kaplow & Shavell's (1994) double-distortion argument--evolved from previous debates about whether legal rules could even be redistributive and whether law and economics should be concerned exclusively with efficiency or with distribution as well. Next, it surveys the responses to the double-distortion argument. These responses appear to have had only limited success in challenging the sturdy reputation of …

A Virginia Mountain City Responds To The Challenge Of Improving Health Outcomes, Robert S. Cowell Jr.

Journal of Appalachian Health

In 2012, Roanoke Virginia was becoming a city of haves and have-nots, a place where many were benefitting from revitalization underway but too many were seeing their situation grow worse and becoming even more entrenched. Poverty with levels as high as 50% in some neighborhoods; life expectancy sometimes 14 years shorter than those living just one or two neighborhoods over; and lack of access to fresh food, medical care, and economic opportunities—all within view of the largest hospital in the region was unacceptable.

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Roanoke's Collective Public Health Activities, Michael Lytton

Journal of Appalachian Health

Roanoke is addressing problems that confront many small and medium sized cities in the U.S., especially disparities in health and life expectancy between neighborhoods. These disparities are often legacies of decades of racial and economic segregation, resulting in low-income or disinvested communities. Typically, such neighborhoods have fewer parks, higher vacancy rates and less stable affordable housing stock, inadequate public transit systems, too few clinics, too many fast food restaurants and insufficient access to high quality schools. In Roanoke these are the northwest and southeast quadrants, both federally designated Medically Underserved Areas, and characterized by a large proportion of the city’s …

Who Did They Just Hire: A Content Analysis Of Announcements Of New College Presidents And Chancellors, Jessica J. Fry, Z. W. Taylor, Del Watson, Rebecca Gavillet, Pat Somers

Journal of Research on the College President

Historically, women and non-binary conforming individuals have not held executive leadership positions at U.S. institutions of higher education at the same rate as men. And although the presidency or chancellorship may be the single most powerful executive leadership position in U.S. colleges and universities, no research has examined how new presidents or chancellors are announced to the public through official, institutional websites. This study analyzes a three-year dataset (2016–19) of 443 press releases announcing new presidents or chancellors at U.S. institutions, paying close attention to how press releases differ based on gender. Findings reveal that men were more likely to …

The Ferguson Effect In Contemporary Policing: Assessing Police Officer Willingness To Engage The Public, Christopher Mercado

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Researchers suggest that as public scrutiny and video recording of violent/tumultuous police encounters increase, police would back away from proactive enforcement, resulting in an increase in crime—the Ferguson Effect. Recent scholarship refined these concerns over police disengagement with the study of de-policing, while other scholars explored police self-legitimacy, in order to explain law enforcement behavior, given the immediacy and ubiquity of social media and digital communication. This study surveyed 792 law enforcement officers from 10 different police agencies in the United States, to ascertain if police officers’ personal and contextual characteristics influence their decision to either take enforcement action (i.e., …

Egyptian Labour Migration In Jordan, Dina Abdelfattah

Faculty Journal Articles

Over the past forty years, the situation of the Egyptian labour market has not improved and remains to be the principal factor determining labour migration. In the past decade, creation of job opportunities has lagged behind labour force growth, which has led many to resort to migrating. According to the Egyptian Population Census (2017), the total Egyptian migration amounted to 9.5 million, compared to 4.4 million in 2015 with Saudi Arabia and Jordan being the main countries of destination. This report tackles the current situation of Egyptian labour migration in one of its major Arab destinations, Jordan. The figure announced …

Minority Students In Stem Careers In The U.S. – The Role Of Ap Calculus, Kendall Coleman

Dissertations

“The number of native-born S&E [science and engineering] graduates entering the workforce is likely to decline unless the nation intervenes to improve success in educating S&E students from all demographic groups, especially those that have been underrepresented in S&E careers” (National Science Board [NSB], 2003, p. 13). More than a decade ago, the National Science Board (NSB) sounded an alarm regarding the projected decline in native-born science and engineering graduates with the aim of driving strategic fundamental changes. There is limited evidence that the NSB’s prognostication is actively being addressed. Approximately 81% percent of all full-time graduate students in U.S. …

Towards A Pedagogy Of Life Purposes, Manny Lopez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

College students who understand how the courses that they are enrolled in connect with their broader life goals are more likely to apply an approach of task perseverance with academic endeavors. Yet, nearly three million adolescent community college students in the United States may not have developed clear purposes in life. Relatedly, overtime the lack of lucid life purposes contributes to maladaptive behavior.

This dissertation is a compilation of three interrelated studies that took place in two public community colleges in the City University of New York. Guided by authentic inquiry and framed by sociocultural theory, central to each study …

Rezoning, Real Estate, And The Dynamics Of Displacement In Inwood, Damaly Gonzalez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis asks how New York City’s rezoning process combine with the dynamics of real-estate sales to create displacement pressures for low-income communities of color. A case study of the recent rezoning of Inwood, a neighborhood in upper Manhattan, in August 2018, will help to illustrate these dynamics. Through an analysis of building sales and extreme rent inflation embedded in a historical and contemporary analysis of zoning and the influence of real-estate developers and owners on these processes, this thesis paints a dire picture of the risks faced by the mostly-Dominican-American renters in Inwood. The principal contribution of the …