Inequality and Stratification Commons^™

Modern Day Slavery: Spotlight On The 2006 "Trafficking In Persons Report," Forced Labor And Sex Trafficking At The World Cup, U.S. House Of Representatives Committee On International Relations

Human Trafficking: Data and Documents

The Subcommittee will hear expert testimony today concerning the scourge of human trafficking—modern-day slavery. As I know many people know by now, the United States Government estimates that between 600,000 to 800,000 women, children, and men are brought and sold across international borders each year and exploited through forced labor or commercial sex exploitation. Potentially millions more are trafficked internally within the borders of countries.

A Tragedy Of Failures And False Expectations Report On The Events Surrounding The Three­Month Sit­In And Forced Removal Of Sudanese Refugees In Cairo, September–December 2005, Fateh Azzam, Maisaa Youssef, Andrew Woods, Nora Danielson, Themba Lewis, Laura Maxwell, James Pearce, Sarah Sedak

Faculty Journal Articles

On September 29, 2005, dozens of Sudanese asylum seekers and refugees initiated a sit­in near the offices of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in Cairo to protest UNHCR’s ongoing suspension of refugee status determination procedures as well as their conditions in Cairo, a situation they considered unbearable. Their number quickly grew to an average of 1,800 to 2,500 and remained at those levels throughout the following three months. Periodic meetings and negotiations among the sit­in leadership, UNHCR, and a number of other parties failed to meet the demonstrators’ demands or to result in a satisfactory end to the …

Oligarchy In Farmland? Application Of Community Power Theory To A Rural Setting, Zachary Meadows

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Torch (April/May 2006), Amy Homans, Civil Rights Team Project

Torch: The Civil Rights Team Project Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Obstacles To Women’S Political Empowerment In Jordan: Family, Islam, And Patriarchal Gender Roles, Margaret Pettygrove

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Recent developments in women’s legislative rights in Jordan, and rising interest in women’s issues throughout the world, have sparked interest in women’s political participation. The purpose of this study is to investigate why, despite numerous advancements for women in Jordanian society, women have not gained greater representation in political processes. This study is based primarily on interviews with 15 Jordanian women between the ages of 18 and 36, as well as interviews with 6 professionals in the field of women’s studies in Jordan. The results of these interviews were analyzed within a theoretical framework provided by literary sources. Research was …

Eksploitasi Perempuan Oleh Media Cetak Ditinjau Dari Aspek Hak Asasi Manusia:Kajian Di Sejumlah Tabloid Di Wilayah Dki Jakarta, Dwi Amalia Chandra Sekar

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

In the end of 90’s, the circulation of mass media tend to more and more presenting women as an object of fascination to increase the amount sales. The appearance of women models in some national tabloids seem to be abundant and interrupt the society’s ethics and moral value. In the other hand, the tabloid is easy to get and sold cheaply. There are two opinions that concerning of the understanding of exploitation, First, There is no exploitation to the women in mass media, because women models do not feel exploited. It is undeniable that almost 80% women models in tabloid …

Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Microfinance :Suatu Telaah Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan, Bagus Aryo

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

Woman is an adequate partner to microfinance because not only assisting women but also their families and society. There’re some challenges and constraints faced by women related to microenterprises such as norm, cultural, mobility, lameness gender, work without “payment" in household, high number of illiterate, etc. Some characteristics of microenterprises managed by women: Informal; Home-based business; Concentration on low return sectors; Oriented on conservative growth; Part-Time and depend on season; and Lac of technology. There’re some dimensions of women empowering: women prosperity such food, income and health care also women access to production factors; Conscientisation is understanding to sex and …

Pengelolaan Dana Pinjaman Modal Dalam Rangka Pengembangan Usaha Ekonomii Kecil:Studi Deskriptif Pada Program Pinjaman Modal Usaha Dalam Proyek Pemberdayaan Anak, Keluarga Dan Komunitas Di Rw 03 Kelurahan Kemiri Muka, Depok, Jawa Barat, Yesi Oktavia

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

Economic empowering is the most popular program that applied to alleviate the poverty. Giving a capital to develop a small enterprise is becoming one of the most important issues that is need more attention. This issue concerning how the receivers could manage a number of capitals, because small enterprise management correlates with the outcome of the program that is to develop an entrepreneurship. From this outcome will be get that the receivers who come from the poor community are improving their family income successfully.

Pelecehan Seksual, Kesehatan Mental,Dan Kesejahteraan Sosial, Dini Widinarsih

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

The aim of this article is overspread the information in the subject of sexual harassment. In this article, there are explanations about the understanding of sexual harassment, the classification of variety of sexual harassment, the causes of sexual harassment, the prevention of sexual harassment, and problems of mental health psychology that is caused by sexual harassment. The expectation of this article is to improve the understanding of sexual harassment, there for it can alleviate the violence to women.

Education For Survival: Roma And Hopes For The Future, Keevan Labowitz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

No abstract provided.

Outing The Center: Homophobia In Jamaica, Jamilah King

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Jamaica is a country with a unique historical legacy of slavery and resistance. Once Britain most prosperous colony, Jamaica was also home to the majority of slave uprisings in the New World . This legacy of resistance has created a contemporary climate rife with cultural contradictions; the country’s motto, “Out of many one people” belies the many racial, class and gender hierarchies that are omnipresent forces in Jamaican daily life.

Despite the image heralded around the world of Jamaica as a tropical paradise, the country also has the reputation for being fiercely homophobic. How is homosexuality perceived in Jamaican society? …

Dutty Wine: Ooman Big Up Or Dis?, Nicole Cruz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study explores the extent to which females are liberated or oppressed in dancehall in Kingston, Jamaica. Using a qualitative approach and feminist perspective, I explore dancehall culture and the ghetto communities on which it centers. Participant observation allowed me to experience the dynamics of the dancehall space. Using in-depth interviews, I assessed my observations with the opinions of dancehall fans and other community members. Ultimately, it becomes clear in this study that though heterosexual females are liberated with their freedom of sexual expression, dancehall is still has a deeply patriarchal structure. Heterosexual males dominate dancehall by oppressing heterosexual females, …

Viviendo Sin Bosques: Perspectivas En Disputa Sobre El Desarrollo Y Su Impacto En El Pueblo Mbya Guaraní, Maya Politis

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The indigenous populations all over the world have been and continue to experience drastic transformations in these past decades, each at its own pace and in its own form. Although throughout history all cultures and societies experience transformations, for the most part the recent transformations have been forced on these communities to a degree more brutal than ever. The powerful effects of the modern capitalistic system are quickly displacing and endangering indigenous populations. Practically every square foot of land and air has been privatized, sold to big corporations and exploited to benefit productivity without even the consideration of sustainability. This …

Kemiskinan Dan Lingkungan : Kasus Komunitas Lahan Basah Kota Di Depok Dan Jakarta, Rissalwan Habdy Lubis

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

There are relationship between environmental issues and other issues that enclose to the human life. There are two dimensions of Environmental contex, namely: physical spatial context and social context. In fact, anthropogenic activities have serious impacts to the damage of the environment. The relation between environmental issues and poverty is very complex. The World Bank identified three main relations between the degradation of environmental condition and the living condition of poor people, namely: the environmental health, the livelihoods of poor people,and the vulnerability of people living below poverty line.

The Black Question, Nicole L. Butler

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In April 2006, a 37-year old Ethiopian man was brutally attacked by two skinheads sending the country into a state of mourning. In the days to follow, the German press covered the attack extensively raising the question if whether or not race-based crimes had witnessed resurgence in Germany. For many people, the answer to such a question required a further analysis of the last few years in Germany. In 2005, Oury Jalloh, an immigrant from Sierra Leone burned to death while in a holding cell at the city jail in Dessau. The examiners labeled his death suicide although his hands …

Roma Education In Serbia: The Implications Of Prejudice And Ethnic Conflict And The Potential For Change, Shane Branon

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Cultural, religious and ethnic divisions are nothing new to the Slavic people of the southwest Balkans. The region once known as Yugoslavia has experienced periods of assimilation and peaceful coexistence as well as ethnic hatred and aggression. In recent years, the majority of this has been concentrated inside Serbia, the nucleus of the former Yugoslavia. While it may appear that Serbia has overcome the ethnic hatred that has plagued its social and political culture, there continues to be ethnic discrimination in both the social sphere and government institutions. This prejudice is most evident in the relationship between the Serbian majority …

What About Sustainable Improvement? Current Efforts And Challenges In The Work Of The Municipal Government To Improve The Rights Of The Garbage Pickers In Fortaleza, Brazil, Shehzia Valiulla

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The government programs seek to improve the condition of the oppressed and the poor, but very few truly have a sustainable positive impact on the lives of the poor. This research, through a case study of a program, Pilot Project of Selective Collection in Jangurussu, run by municipal officers for the benefit of garbage pickers (catadores do lixo in Brazil), attempts to define what characterizes and ensures the sustainable improvement in the work-related rights of catadores in Fortaleza, a city in Northeast Brazil, through seeking perspectives from two important stakeholders, the catadores and the municipal officers. Organizing catadores into legal …

Sex-Education And Preventative And Contraceptive Services: Educação-Sexual E Serviços Contraceptivos E Preventativos, Elizabeth M. Ortiz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Maternal morbidity is one of the leading causes of death amongst women in Latina America. Lack of access to Reproductive Health services has incited a continental epidemic amongst adolescent women - and should be considered a public health crisis. Yet, there is little being done by the governing male bodies to secure access and the Right to Reproductive Health services. This is not only a means of re-enforcing gendered inequalities- but also class, and racial disparities. Reproductive Health in Brazil and Northeastern Brazil in particular, serves as an allegory for socio-economic, gender, ethnic, and racial inequality in the region. The …

From Quilombo To Bairro: The Maintenance Of A Permanent Afro-Brazilian Underclass, Calisha Myers

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Inequalities in access to education, as a result of institutionalized racism and social exclusion, are contributing to the maintenance of a permanent Afro-Brazilian underclass. Beiru, a community that sits on the periphery of Salvador, Bahia is an example of what the results of this physical and social marginalization is doing to Afro-Brazilian communities all over the Northeast. In my research, I sought to gain an understanding of what the young Afro-Brazilians that attend secondary school at the Escola Estadual de Zumbi dos Palmares and youth in the community are getting from these schools (in terms of what they are learning, …

Casa Da Mulher Do Nordeste: Feminist Visions Of Development, Sarah Frazer

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study presents the unique approach of Casa da Mulher do Nordeste to rural women’s empowerment and sustainable development. Their approach focuses on three main areas: 1) raising collective consciousness about unequal gender relations; 2) providing technical skills and assistance to in the areas of production and commercialization; 3) providing institutional support to the networks created in the occupation of economic and political spaces. CASA intimately links women’s empowerment to movements of agroecology and economic solidarity, thus extending the vision of equality between women and men to equality between human beings and the Earth—an ultimate definition of sustainable development. Their …

The Grass Is Always Greener In Gated Communities: The Social Segregation And Construction Of Difference In The Urbanizaciones Cerradas Of The Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, Ben Simons

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the past 15 years, the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires (RMBA) has experienced the phenomenon of the massive development of hundreds of gated communities outside the city center (Capital Federal). This has been due to a perceived decrease in the quality of life within the city center by many middle to upper class residents, and a rising sensation of insecurity and fear within the open urban environment. The search for a more safe and secure setting as well as a higher quality of life has led many of these residents to flee the city for the enclosed environments of …

Personal Responsibility Versus Government Responsibility Welfare Attitudes Post-1996, Emily C. Ing

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

The welfare system in the United States underwent a major overhaul in 1996, transforming Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) to Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). Since then, there has been little research conducted on attitudes toward welfare. This is still a topic worth investigating, as poverty and homelessness remain a problem in the United States.

This thesis hypothesized that attitudes about welfare would vary according to an individual's commitment to individualism, a hegemonic value in the United States. This thesis also hypothesized that welfare attitudes would vary according to an individual's education, gender, marital status, race, and …

Solace And Security At The Cairo Refugee Demonstration, Stacy Schafer

Faculty Journal Articles

Over the course of a 92 day sit-in, Sudanese refugees demonstrating in a park in downtown Cairo formed a close-knit community. They preferred to remain outside in a public park indefinitely to other options available to them. Who these protestors were and the reasons for their prolonged stay were a matter of contention from the first days of their demonstration. This paper incorporates my research conducted during the demonstration in order to understand the factors that drew these refugees to protest for such an extended period of time. While consistently demanding that the UNHCR and international community give them ‘their …

Torch (March 2006), Amy Homans, Civil Rights Team Project

Torch: The Civil Rights Team Project Newsletter

No abstract provided.

The Severely-Distressed African American Family In The Crack Era: Empowerment Is Not Enough, Eloise Dunlap, Andrew Golub, Bruce D. Johnson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Numerous African American families have struggled for generations with persistent poverty, especially in the inner city. These conditions were further strained during the 1980s and 1990s by the widespread use of crack cocaine. For many, crack use became an obsession, dominated their lives, and superseded family responsibilities. This behavior placed additional pressure on already stressed kin support networks. This paper explores the processes prevailing in two households during this period. In the 2000s, children born to members of the Crack Generation are avoiding use of crack but face major deficits from their difficult childhoods. This presents both challenges and opportunities. …

Social Assistance And The Challenges Of Poverty And Inequality In Azerbaijan, A Low-Income Country In Transition, Nazim N. Habibov, Lida Fan

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Although low-income countries in transition are facing the challenges of poverty and inequality, evidence on the performance of safety nets in these countries is scarce. This article uses micro-file data from a nationally representative household budget survey to analyze the existing social assistance programs in Azerbaijan, a low income country in transition, from the perspectives of poverty and inequality reduction. The empirical evidence presented in this paper indicates that the poverty and inequality reduction effectiveness of social assistance programs is inadequate. First, the benefits are very modest and the poor receive only a small proportion of them. Second, some programs …

The Sequential Costs Of Poverty: What Traditional Measures Overlook, Elizabeth A. Segal, Laura R. Peck

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This research note proposes an addition to the poverty measurement debate. Motivated by dissatisfaction with the official poverty measure, which many scholars and practitioners share, we propose the use of sequential costs of poverty to enrich the poverty measure so that it might capture more closely the life-experiences of low-income families. After presenting some background on poverty measurement, this research note explores the conceptual framework that surrounds the notion of sequential costs. Drawing on our past research, we propose ways in which these sequential costs surface, with illustrative examples from health, employment, housing, and income maintenance.

Financial Knowledge Of The Low-Income Population: Effects Of A Financial Education Program, Min Zhan, Steven G. Anderson, Jeff Scott

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This study examines the effects of one large financial management training program for low-income people. The data are from tests of pre- and posttraining financial knowledge of 163 participants. The test was designed to measure basic knowledge of participants in five content areas: predatory lending practices, public and work-related benefits, banking practices, savings and investing strategies, and credit use and interest rates.

The findings demonstrate that substantial pre-training knowledge deficiencies existed on basic financial management issues, especially on public and work-related benefits and savings and investing. Results also indicate that the program was effective in improving the financial knowledge of …

Performance And Representation: Masculinity And Leadership At The Cairo Refugee Demonstration, Martin Rowe

Faculty Journal Articles

In the autumn of 2005, Sudanese refugees staged a protest of UNHCR in Cairo. Demonstration organizers were young, single men who confronted tasks of maintaining control and discipline and negotiating with an international agency. Their attainment of community authority would have been improbable in Sudan. Why did people listen to them, and why were they allowed to represent so many others? This paper evaluates the demonstration leadership in terms of preservation of masculine identity and status attainment. Their roles in the demonstration can be viewed as masculine “performance.” These considerations are developed through an examination of how leaders exercised authority, …

The Prospects Of Assisted Voluntary Return Among The Sudanese Population In Greater Cairo, Yasmine Ahmed

Faculty Journal Articles

This study looked at the prospects of assisted voluntary return among Sudanese migrants currently residing in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Its main objectives were to identify elements affecting the migration choices of Sudanese already residing in Egypt, especially their propensity to stay in Egypt, return to Sudan or move to a neighbouring country and to suggest components of a reinsertion programme that best suits the needs of potential returnees. This research project was commissioned by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and conducted by the Centre for Migration and Refugee Studies Program (CMRS) at the American University in Cairo. The project …