Family, Life Course, and Society Commons^™

Fp-18-05 Grandparenthood In The U.S.: Residence Status Of Grandchildren, Huijing Wu

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

Audubon Data Project Final Report, Askhat Beygenov, Valinur Kutlambetov, Shrikant Patel, Phoebe Roberts, Ulfat Sayyed, Shriram Sivaraman

School of Professional Studies

The Audubon Data Project was initiated as a Clark University Capstone project. The project’s client, Mass Audubon’s Shaping the Future of Your Community program, had identified a need to improve their data management methods and make better use of their data. The Capstone team, composed of Clark University graduate students, met with the client regularly to review the current state of the data and potential improvements to be made. The process began with a data review. During the review we worked with the client to explicitly define the purposes and requirements of the data, the current process for updating and …

Making A University Community More Dementia Friendly Through Participation In An Intergenerational Choir., Phyllis Braudy Harris, Cynthia A. Caporella

2018 Faculty Bibliography

A dementia friendly community is one that is informed about dementia, respectful and inclusive of people with dementia and their families, provides support, promotes empowerment, and fosters quality of life. This study presents data from four cohorts of undergraduate college students and people with dementia and their family members, using an intergenerational choir as the process through which to begin to create a dementia friendly community. This was accomplished by breaking down the stereotypes and misunderstandings that young adults have about people with dementia, thus allowing their commonalities and the strengths of the people living with dementia to become more …

Implications Of Parents’ Work Travel On Youth Adjustment, Lorey Wheeler, Anisa M. Zvonkovic, Andrea R. Swenson, Caitlin Faas, Shelby Borowski, Ruth Nutting

Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications

Guided by ecological, work–family spillover and crossover frameworks, this study examined mechanisms linking parental work travel (i.e. nights per year) to youth adjustment (i.e. externalizing and internalizing behaviors) through youth’s perceptions of parenting (i.e. knowledge, solicitation) with traveler and youth gender as moderators in a sample of 78 children in 44 two-parent families residing in the United States. The findings from multilevel analyses suggested that mothers’ travel nights predicted lower levels of maternal knowledge, with variation by traveler and youth gender. Mothers’ and fathers’ work travel and perceived parenting were predictors of youth’s externalizing behaviors, whereas only fathers’ work travel …

Queer: Good Gay, Bad Gay, Black Gay, White Gay?, Ian Barnard

English Faculty Articles and Research

"As Deadline .com bluntly put it, 'Kevin Spacey Apologizes to Anthony Rapp for Alleged Sexual Advances; Chooses to "Live As A Gay Man."' The outraged response of progressive intellectuals, activists, and cultural critics to Spacey’s twofold tweet has demonstrated, inter alia, the resilience of old school assumptions and expectations about coming out and about gay identity and gay identifications. These outraged responses have come especially from younger generations of intellectuals, activists, and critics, but also across generations, genders, and sexual orientations. Despite decades of attacks on models of gay identity that center on teleological narratives of coming out, and critiques …

Family Structure And Family Management Practices: Associations With Positive Aspects Of Youth Well-Being, Jonathon J. Beckmeyer, Luke T. Russell

Faculty Publications - Family and Consumer Sciences

Using data from a national sample of 15-year olds (N = 681) we tested if four family management practices (parental knowledge, behavioral control, parental academic involvement, and unsupervised time with peers) differed between family structures (i.e., biological-parent, stepfather, or single-mother family). We then identified the family management practices associated with positive youth well-being (psychosocial maturity, positive friendship networks, and school bonding) within each family structure. Parental knowledge, academic involvement, and behavioral control were greater in biological-parent than single-mother families. Stepfather families only differed from biological-parent and single-mother families on parental academic involvement. Although family management practices were associated with youth …

Mapping Quality Of Life In Nebraska: Population Distribution By Race, Ethnicity, And Age, Sarah Taylor, Maria Rosario T. De Guzman, Grant Daily, Rodrigo Cantarero, Soo-Young Hong, Aileen S. Garcia, Jeong-Kyun Choi, Yan Xia

Mapping Quality of Life in Nebraska

KEY POINTS

This section details key points from the data on racial, ethnic, and age groups across Nebraska.

RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES IN NEBRASKA

• The proportions of Nebraska’s racial and ethnic minority populations tend to be smaller by 4% (i.e., Asian) to 8% (i.e., Black or African American, Hispanic/Latino) than those of the US, except for the Hawaiian and Pacific Islander and American Indian and Alaska Native populations (i.e., smaller only by 0.1% to 0.2%).

• Nebraska’s urban areas, which comprise 73.1% of the Nebraska population, have higher numbers of racial and ethnic minorities than suburban or rural areas. …

Shift Work, Father Engagement, And The Cognitive Development Of Young Children, Matthew Weinshenker

Sociology Faculty Publications

The present study investigates whether the effect of fathers’ positive engagement on young children’s cognitive development is accentuated when one or both dual-earner parents is employed during non-standard hours. Longitudinal regression models are fitted to three waves of nationally-representative data from the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. Father engagement when children are nine months old has an especially positive effect on children’s cognitive ability at age two when the father works during the day and the mother has a fixed evening or night shift. There are no interactions between shift work and engagement at age two in the whole sample, …

Motivation For Night Work And Parents’ Work-To-Family Conflict And Life Satisfaction, Matthew Weinshenker

Sociology Faculty Publications

Purpose - I test the hypothesis that the effects of evening and night employment on working parents’ work-to-family conflict and life satisfaction depend on the reasons that individuals name for their schedules.

Methodology/approach - Regression models are fitted to data from an original sample of 589 employed U.S. parents.

Findings –Partnered (married and cohabiting) fathers who work partially in the evening or night experience less work-to-family conflict if they report personal motives, but schedule motivation does not affect work-to-family conflict among partnered or single mothers. Partnered mothers who work primarily in the evening or at night report higher life satisfaction …

Guía De Participación Política Adolescente Para La Movilización E Incidencia Política A Nivel Municipal, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

El programa Abriendo Oportunidades motiva a las jóvenes a tener iniciativas y desarrollar sus capacidades personales, así como a explorar las posibilidades de liderazgo a nivel comunitario y municipal. Para que sean lideresas capaces de incidir a nivel municipal, es necesario trabajar temas y habilidades enfocados en política, administración estatal, legislación nacional y derechos humanos. Esta guía se ofrece para apoyar el trabajo con jóvenes mujeres que buscan tener incidencia, especialmente en temas relativos a la prevención de la violencia y garantía de derechos a mujeres, niñez y juventud, y pueblos indígenas. Cada sesión está diseñada usando metodología participativa y …

Addressing Stigma And Gender Inequities To Strengthen Hiv And Aids Programming: A Focus On Key Populations, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Over the past 20 years, the Population Council has generated evidence around the types of stigma experienced by key populations at higher risk for HIV, and has designed and tested strategies aimed at reducing stigma and improving HIV programs and outcomes. Key populations (KPs), such as female sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender individuals, and people who use drugs, often face multiple stigmas that reinforce one another. Evidence generated by the Population Council has shown that addressing and reducing stigma faced by KPs is a crucial step toward improving HIV prevention and treatment outcomes. This brief summarizes …

Are Services Meeting The Holistic Family Planning Needs Of Female Sex Workers Living With Hiv In Tanzania?, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Women of reproductive age living with HIV need access to comprehensive, voluntary family planning (FP) services to support their decisions about whether and when to have children. Contraceptive need is particularly acute among HIV-positive female sex workers who are often socially and economically disadvantaged. Furthermore, many HIV-positive female sex workers intend to have children some day, but may not be aware of strategies to minimize the risk of HIV transmission to infants and partners (i.e., “safer conception”). This activity brief describes a Project SOAR study in Tanzania that will contribute to the evidence base by conducting research that describes these …

Assessing The Feasibility, Acceptability, And Costs Of Diagnosing Hiv At Birth In Lesotho And Rwanda, Michelle M. Gill, Heather Hoffman, Majoalane Mokone, Lynne Mofenson, Michel Tchuenche, Steven Forsythe

HIV and AIDS

Infant HIV diagnosis as early as possible in a child’s life followed by immediate antiretroviral treatment (ART) could stem the progressive rise in infant mortality among HIV-positive infants, particularly as several studies have suggested that an increased proportion of perinatal infections may occur in utero when maternal ART is received during pregnancy. This Project SOAR study leveraged two existing cohort studies to address some critical questions related to very early infant diagnosis. The objective was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and costs associated with the addition of birth HIV testing to the routine testing algorithm for infants born to HIV-positive …

Benchmark Assessment Of Orphaned And Vulnerable Children In Areas Of The Zambia Family (Zamfam) Project—Brief, Michael Mbizvo, Paul C. Hewett

HIV and AIDS

The US Agency for International Development and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) are supporting the Zambia Family (ZAMFAM) project to strengthen comprehensive, integrated service delivery and support to children living with, affected by, or vulnerable to HIV/AIDS (OVC) in the Lusaka, Copperbelt, Southern, and Central Provinces of Zambia. To inform that effort, Project SOAR conducted a benchmark survey among beneficiaries in the four provinces of the ZAMFAM program. The benchmark survey measured the status and conditions of OVC and their families. This brief provides a summary of the findings outlined in the final report on the needs …

Benchmark Assessment Of Orphaned And Vulnerable Children In Areas Of The Zambia Family (Zamfam) Project, Michael Mbizvo, Paul C. Hewett, Nkomba Kayeyi, Lyson Phiri, Saziso N. Mulenga, Bwalya Mushiki, Mwelwa Chibuye

HIV and AIDS

The US Agency for International Development and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) are supporting the Zambia Family (ZAMFAM) project to strengthen comprehensive, integrated service delivery and support to children living with, affected by, or vulnerable to HIV/AIDS (OVC) in the Lusaka, Copperbelt, Southern, and Central Provinces of Zambia. To inform that effort, Project SOAR conducted a benchmark survey among beneficiaries in the four provinces of the ZAMFAM program. The benchmark survey measured the status and conditions of OVC and their families. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the needs of OVC families and the gaps in …

Can Depression Screening Be Integrated Into Busy Hiv Clinics In Malawi? Early Results Demonstrate Its Feasibility And Acceptability, Project Soar—Malawi Mental Health

HIV and AIDS

Integration of depression screening and treatment into HIV care may prove critical to achievement of the 90–90–90 goals in Malawi and elsewhere in the region. Project SOAR has partnered with the Malawi Ministry of Health to implement and evaluate the integration of a depression management program into HIV care in Malawi. This brief focuses on initial results from the screening phase, which show that more than 90 percent of patients have been appropriately screened for depression. Based on a first round of qualitative interviews, the program has been well received by clinic staff and patients. The brief lists key lessons …

Characterizing The Unmet Hiv Prevention Needs And Hiv Risk Vulnerabilities Of Adolescent Girls And Young Women In Ethiopia, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Ethiopia, as well as across Eastern and Southern Africa, experience a disproportionate level of new HIV infections. AGYW who are out of school face a particular set of vulnerabilities, especially those living away from parents. Unfortunately, data characterizing unmet HIV prevention needs and risk vulnerabilities among AGYW, especially out-of-school AGYW, are lacking given the challenges in reaching and studying this population. To address this gap, Project SOAR is conducting an integrated HIV biobehavioral survey focused on out-of-school AGYW in three high HIV prevalence settings of Ethiopia. Study findings will inform HIV prevention and …

Does A Community-Based, Hiv Service Delivery Model Improve Female Sex Workers’ Care And Treatment Outcomes In Tanzania?, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Female sex workers living (FSWs) with HIV face significant challenges in accessing HIV care and, once started on antiretroviral therapy (ART), remaining in care and adhering to treatment. These challenges include attending regular medical appointments because of time and cost constraints, providers’ stigmatizing attitudes, and poor service quality due to crowded ART clinics, long waiting times, and a lack of clinicians. This brief describes a community-based model of ART delivery THAT Project SOAR, Sauti, the National AIDS Control Programme, and the National Institute of Medical Research are designing, implementing, and evaluating, in order to help mitigate the barriers HIV-positive FSWs …

Female Sex Workers Living With Hiv In Tanzania Have Both A Need For Contraception And A Desire To Have Children In The Future, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

HIV-positive women often have critical family planning (FP) needs in addition to HIV-related care, treatment, and prevention concerns. In sub-Saharan Africa, unintended pregnancy is common among HIV-positive women. At the same time, many women living with HIV want to have children some day, and there are various “safer conception” strategies available to help HIV-affected individuals and couples get pregnant while minimizing the risk of HIV transmission to seronegative partners and the baby. This brief describes the fertility-related needs and desires of female sex workers living with HIV in Tanzania, highlighting results indicating that health services should help women meet both …

Health And Socioeconomic Well-Being Of Young People Living With Hiv In Zambia: Evaluating The Zamfam Project, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

The US Agency for International Development and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief are supporting the Zambia Family (ZAMFAM) project to strengthen comprehensive, integrated service delivery and support to children living with, affected by, or vulnerable to HIV/AIDS in the Lusaka, Copperbelt, Southern, and Central Provinces of Zambia. Project SOAR is conducting a three-year prospective cohort study of young people living with (YPLHIV) and their primary caregivers/guardians in Central Province where the ZAMFAM project is being implemented, and in Eastern Province where there are no ongoing ZAMFAM activities for comparison. The information collected in the study focused on key …

Implementing The Hiv “Treat All” Guidelines In Namibia: Patient And Health Provider Perspectives, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

In late 2015, the World Health Organization announced new treatment guidelines recommending that anyone who has tested positive for HIV should begin antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible. In light of this policy, the government of Namibia included “treat all” in the 2016 National Guidelines for ART, and began nationwide implementation in April 2017. Project SOAR is generating evidence on how the national rollout of the treat all guidelines and decentralization of ART services affect client-level treatment outcomes, quality of ART services, and treatment costs in Namibia. This brief summarizes the perspectives of clients and providers regarding ART service …

Male Partners Of Adolescent Girls And Young Women: Relationship Characteristics And Hiv Risk—Findings From Dreams Implementation Science Research, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa, as in many countries, are particularly vulnerable to HIV for a variety of reasons, including economic disadvantage and unequal power dynamics in sexual relationships with their male partners—many of whom are older and engage in high-risk behaviors. In an effort to learn more about men’s relationships with AGYW and how HIV services can better engage them, the Population Council is conducting implementation science research in KwaZulu-Natal Province. This brief reports findings from a 2017 baseline survey with nearly 1,000 men. An endline survey is planned for mid-late 2018, and will focus …

Optimizing Implementation Of Universal Hiv Treatment Coverage For People Living With Hiv In Senegal, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Senegal plans a rapid scale up of HIV treatment for all people living with HIV (PLHIV), regardless of CD4 count or viral suppression. However, limited data exist on how to achieve sustained viral suppression among PLHIV in real world contexts where significant barriers to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery, uptake, and adherence persist. This brief describes a universal coverage ART intervention Project SOAR is conducting among PLHIV who are not virally suppressed. The findings from this study will inform the rollout of Senegal’s national test and treat strategy.

Reducing Provider-Held Stigma And Improving Young Client Satisfaction In Strengthening Integrated Delivery Of And Access To Comprehensive Hiv And Sexual/Reproductive Health And Support Services For Msm In Lagos, Nigeria, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Riding on the success of the one-stop shop community health center, in 2016 the Elton John AIDS Foundation engaged the Population Council to implement an integrated model providing comprehensive HIV and sexual and reproductive health and support services to men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lagos, Nigeria. The two-year project was designed to deploy a “hub and spoke” peer-led (or peer navigation) model to integrate comprehensive MSM-friendly HIV and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in public health facilities in Lagos state. This brief summarizes findings from the study which sought to reach 9,500 MSM with HIV testing …

Strengthening Capacity To Prevent Hiv Among Adolescent Girls And Young Women: Supporting Dreams-Like Programming, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Many adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) lack opportunities and access to resources, and experience the harms of discriminatory gender norms. Despite decades of investment in HIV prevention, many AGYW remain invisible, underserved, and at disproportionate risk of HIV infection. The DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe) Partnership aims to significantly reduce HIV infections among AGYWs. DREAMS originally launched in 2014 focusing on 10 high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, five additional countries known as DREAMS-Like countries—Botswana, Cote d’Ivoire, Haiti, Namibia, and Rwanda—received support for DREAMS activities. This brief describes the technical assistance Project SOAR is providing …

Understanding The Dynamics Of Hiv Testing Services In South African Primary Care Facilities, Tonderai Mabuto, Bhakti Hansoti, Salome Charalambous, Christopher Hoffmann

HIV and AIDS

Facility-based HIV testing services remains underutilized in many settings, including South Africa—even in the context of opt-out testing. Additionally, linkages to care are often not made in a timely manner after an HIV diagnosis, limiting access to ART and the possibility of viral suppression. This brief summarizes findings from formative research conducted by Project SOAR and The Aurum Institute to understand the dynamics of HIV testing services and the key constraints to its optimal delivery.

What Do We Know About The Hiv Risk Characteristics Of Adolescent Girls And Young Women In Kenya? Findings From Dreams Implementation Science Research, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council is conducting implementation science research in Kenya to build needed evidence to inform community-based, girl-centered interventions. DREAMS programs in Kenya are implementing a core package of interventions in the highest HIV-burden areas to address HIV risk among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW)—a population in which AIDS is the leading cause of death in the region. This brief summarizes key findings from a survey of 1,778 AGYW, more than half of whom are enrolled in DREAMS programming.

What Do We Know About The Hiv Risk Characteristics Of Adolescent Girls And Young Women In Zambia? Findings From Dreams Implementation Science Research, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council is conducting implementation science research in Zambia and other countries across sub-Saharan Africa to build needed evidence to inform community-based, girl-centered HIV-prevention programming. Critical to this process is understanding adolescent girls’ and young women’s (AGYWs’) knowledge, attitudes, sexual behaviors, and characteristics of their sexual partnerships that may put them at risk of HIV acquisition. This results brief summarizes key findings from a cross-sectional survey of 1,915 AGYW, half of whom were 15–19 years old and the other half 20–24 years old, residing in urban districts of Lusaka and Ndola. The findings in this brief were shared at …

Assessing The Relationship Between Parenting Styles And Dietary Behaviors Among Young Adults, Breanna Tofteland

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Food continues to be the focus of lifelong dietary and social habits. Past studies have shown the importance of creating healthy habits in childhood to increase the probability of healthy dietary behaviors as adults. A concern nationwide is that unhealthy dietary habits formed as a child translates to habits practiced as an adult, resulting in obesity (CDC, 2016). Past studies have shown that parenting styles are one of the contributing factors that influence how young adults view and interact with food. Branen & Fletcher's study concluded that there are significant correlations between habits formed in childhood that are still happening …

Challenges Of Aging With The Hiv Virus And Comorbidities, Rommie Navylia Abele

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, the survival rate of infected HIV patients has been on the rise with a predicted increase by 2030. The longer a person lives with the virus, the more prone to HIV-associated chronic diseases he or she becomes, but it is not clear whether these diseases are solely from aging with the virus or from long-term use of antiretroviral therapy. Scientists demonstrated that the introduction of antiretroviral therapy led to an increased life expectancy yet early onset of comorbidities; however, they failed to address the challenges that people 50 years old or older face, as …