Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Family, Life Course, and Society Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Arts and Humanities (60)
- Mormon Studies (51)
- Religion (51)
- Psychology (40)
- Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (11)
-
- Women's Studies (11)
- Gender and Sexuality (10)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (10)
- Developmental Psychology (7)
- Education (7)
- History (7)
- Mental and Social Health (6)
- Sociology of Culture (6)
- Communication (5)
- Marriage and Family Therapy and Counseling (5)
- Race and Ethnicity (5)
- Multicultural Psychology (4)
- Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion (4)
- Social Justice (4)
- Social Psychology (4)
- Clinical Psychology (3)
- Cultural History (3)
- Demography, Population, and Ecology (3)
- Law (3)
- Medicine and Health (3)
- Migration Studies (3)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (3)
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Marriage (34)
- Depression (28)
- Attachment (23)
- Family (23)
- Adolescence (21)
-
- Marital quality (20)
- Marital satisfaction (19)
- Parenting (19)
- Couples (17)
- Mental health (17)
- Relationship quality (16)
- Anxiety (14)
- Pornography (14)
- Couple therapy (13)
- Emerging adulthood (13)
- Religion (13)
- Autism (12)
- Divorce (12)
- Mormon families (12)
- Relational aggression (12)
- Sexual satisfaction (12)
- Adolescents (11)
- Gender (11)
- Utah (11)
- Mormon women (10)
- Mormons (10)
- Neuroticism (10)
- Religious aspects (10)
- Therapeutic alliance (10)
- Adolescent (9)
- Publication Year
Articles 541 - 570 of 648
Full-Text Articles in Family, Life Course, and Society
Pornography Viewing As Attachment Trauma In Pair-Bond Relationships-A Theoretical Model Of Mechanisms., Spencer T. Zitzman
Pornography Viewing As Attachment Trauma In Pair-Bond Relationships-A Theoretical Model Of Mechanisms., Spencer T. Zitzman
Theses and Dissertations
Online sexual activities, including pornography use, have drastically increased in recent years. Many studies have examined the impact that pornography use can have on marriages and families. One of the key findings has been that pornography use can negatively impact trust in relationships. This study focused on understanding the mechanisms involved when a husband's pornography use negatively impacts his marital relationship and his wife's emotional well-being. Through qualitative analysis of interviews of 14 wives who received therapy because of their husband's pornography use, the analytic team found (1) a breakdown of expectations and assumptions central to the marriage, (2) a …
Gender Differences And Similarities In The Work-Family Interface: The Importance Of Considering Family Life Stages, Giuseppe Martinengo
Gender Differences And Similarities In The Work-Family Interface: The Importance Of Considering Family Life Stages, Giuseppe Martinengo
Theses and Dissertations
This study focuses on the importance of considering the interaction between gender and family life stages to properly understand gender similarities and differences in the work and family interface. Data for this study come from the IBM 2004 Global Work and Life Issues Survey representing 79 countries (N=41,813). This study is a first step toward a better understanding of similarities and differences among male and female workers across the life course and it shows that work, family and life outcomes are similar across groups, independent of life stages or gender. Six family life stage groups were created: no children and …
A Revision Of The Marital Status Inventory: Reliability And Validity With Marital And Remarital Couples, Rachel V. Jamieson
A Revision Of The Marital Status Inventory: Reliability And Validity With Marital And Remarital Couples, Rachel V. Jamieson
Theses and Dissertations
Predicting divorce potential has been of interest to researchers and clinicians. The Marital Status Inventory (Weiss & Ceretto, 1980) was developed to provide information about clients' perceived divorce potential. The MSI has been widely used but there have been complaints about the negatively worded items from clients, therapists, and researchers. Therefore, this study compared a revised form of the MSI (MSI-R has no negatively worded items) with the original format. There were three purposes of the study. The first was to assess the reliability and validity of the MSI-R. The second purpose was to see if the MSI-R continued to …
Disclosure Of Abuse As A Moderating Variable For Internalized Shame In Adult Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Ami Mariko Hood Frost
Disclosure Of Abuse As A Moderating Variable For Internalized Shame In Adult Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Ami Mariko Hood Frost
Theses and Dissertations
Although previous research has established a correlation between childhood sexual abuse and internalized shame in adult survivors, very little research has been done to examine how disclosure affects that correlation. An adult female sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse (N=467) were surveyed to determine a possible moderating effect of disclosure on internalized shame. It was predicted that 1) severity of abuse would be a significant predictor of internalized shame; 2) disclosure would be a significant predictor of internalized shame; and 3) disclosure would moderate the relationship between severity of abuse and internalized shame. Through structural equation modeling using AMOS, …
Volunteerism And Marital Quality Among Lds Senior Missionary Couples, Megan Oka
Volunteerism And Marital Quality Among Lds Senior Missionary Couples, Megan Oka
Theses and Dissertations
Although research has been conducted on marriage and volunteerism in later life, little is known about the impact of volunteerism on marital quality, particularly intense volunteer experiences. Missionary couples for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) leave their homes for a period ranging from 6-18 months and dedicate the majority of their time to working in church assignments. Qualitative interviews were collected from couples who had served senior couples missions for the LDS Church and returned home in the last year. The mean age of participants was 69, and the mean length of marriage for couples was …
Sexual Satisfaction In Older Marriages: Effects Of Family-Of-Origin Distress And Marital Distress, Luke Elias Wilson
Sexual Satisfaction In Older Marriages: Effects Of Family-Of-Origin Distress And Marital Distress, Luke Elias Wilson
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine how sexual satisfaction in older marriages (marriages with at least one spouse between the ages of 55 and 75) was affected by family-of-origin distress (recent measure of recollection of childhood experiences) and marital distress (measure of current marital relationship) for husbands and wives. The hypotheses of this study were that both family-of-origin distress and marital distress would have negative effects on sexual satisfaction for older couples, with marital distress having a direct, negative effect on sexual satisfaction and with family-of-origin distress having an indirect, negative effect on sexual satisfaction through its influence …
The Development Of Ready-A (Ready For Adolescents): An Adolescent Premarital Education Inventory, Lorinda A. Gutierrez
The Development Of Ready-A (Ready For Adolescents): An Adolescent Premarital Education Inventory, Lorinda A. Gutierrez
Theses and Dissertations
Learning about romantic relationships can be one of the central features of adolescence. However, there are not many useful and scholarly tools for adolescents to evaluate themselves and their relationship competence. Such tools can be helpful in the premarital education process. READY is a premarital assessment questionnaire instrument that is used for such purposes but it was designed for use with adults ages 18 and over. In this study READY for Adolescents (READY-A) was developed as a revision and extension of READY with age-appropriate questions to be used with adolescents. A review of literature on adolescent romantic relationships and factors …
Paths Toward Impulsive Buying: The Effect Of Credit Use And Debt Avoidance On The Paths Between Money Attitudes And Impulsive Buying Among U.S. College Students, Jacob Prior Sybrowsky
Paths Toward Impulsive Buying: The Effect Of Credit Use And Debt Avoidance On The Paths Between Money Attitudes And Impulsive Buying Among U.S. College Students, Jacob Prior Sybrowsky
Theses and Dissertations
Money attitudes modeled in the home are an important part of a child's economic socialization. Although not always labeled as such, earlier literature clearly addressed this type of child learning through observation, interaction, and direct familial involvement (Rettig, 1986). Families operate as one of society's most salient economic socializing agents as they provide environments conducive to human development, information networks, role models, and grants and exchanges (Rettig, 1983). The research reported here addresses the economic socialization of children and their money attitudes as emerging adults. The current study investigated the role of money attitudes (power, anxiety, and distrust) by examining …
Therapists' Perceived Influence Of Language: Second Language Spanish Speaking Therapists With Native Spanish-Speaking Clients, Cameron D. Mount
Therapists' Perceived Influence Of Language: Second Language Spanish Speaking Therapists With Native Spanish-Speaking Clients, Cameron D. Mount
Theses and Dissertations
Experiences of the bilingual client in therapy have received attention in the literature but accounts of the experience of the bilingual therapist are strikingly sparse. The purpose of this study was to focus on the bilingual therapist's perception of the impact of language on the therapeutic process. To achieve this goal, the researcher interviewed therapists who speak Spanish as a second language and work with native Spanish-speaking clients. Data analysis was completed using ethnographic research methods, which resulted in the emergence of three themes. The first theme included therapists' perceived obstacles to second-language therapy. Each of the participants in the …
Interactions Among Italian Preschool-Age Children: Aggression, Victimization, And Sociometric Status, Shawna J. Marshall
Interactions Among Italian Preschool-Age Children: Aggression, Victimization, And Sociometric Status, Shawna J. Marshall
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined social interactions between Italian preschoolers based upon sociometric status groupings. The sample consisted of 267 Italian preschoolers (mean age 64 months) taken from early childhood classrooms in southern Italy. Drawing on previous research, preschoolers' physical and relational aggression and physical and relational victimization as measured by peer nominations were analyzed. Structural equation modeling using Mplus was used to test the model, and SPSS 15 was used to run analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to examine the interaction between sociometric status and preschoolers' behaviors toward peers. Findings generally support previous research with American children as well as cross-cultural research …
The Development Of The Remarital Assessment Questionnaire For Divorced Persons (Raq-D), Derrel Jay Higgins
The Development Of The Remarital Assessment Questionnaire For Divorced Persons (Raq-D), Derrel Jay Higgins
Theses and Dissertations
The development of the Remarital Assessment Questionnaire for Divorced Persons (RAQ-D) is presented. Steps of development of the questionnaire are outlined: a review of remarital literature, interviews with remarried couples, the creation of a pool of items, review of the items by clinicians, and the development of a preliminary questionnaire. Data were collected through the internet. An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the data yielded scales relating to adjustment areas that are specific to remarital couples. The resulting scales exhibited acceptable level of internal consistency. Psychometric properties of the resulting scales are reported. Implications and recommendations of further development of the …
Economic Hardship And Children's Social Withdrawal In Romanian Families, Jennifer Denise Pearson
Economic Hardship And Children's Social Withdrawal In Romanian Families, Jennifer Denise Pearson
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the impact of perceived economic hardship on family processes and children's socially withdrawn (reticent) behaviors in Romania. The sample consisted of 121 Romanian mothers and fathers of 4-5 year old children, as well as children's kindergarten teachers. Drawing on Conger and colleagues' family stress model of economic hardship, the associations among mothers' and fathers' ratings of economic hardship, depression, marital conflict, psychologically controlling parenting, and teacher ratings of child social withdrawal were analyzed. Structural equation modeling using AMOS 7.0 was used to test the model. Findings generally support earlier studies with European American families, as well as …
Religion And The Everyday Ritual Of Home Life: A Comparison Of Higher And Lower Family Functioning Groups, Rachel Wadsworth Loser
Religion And The Everyday Ritual Of Home Life: A Comparison Of Higher And Lower Family Functioning Groups, Rachel Wadsworth Loser
Theses and Dissertations
As scholarly interest in family religiosity has grown, scholars have called for a closer look at proximal measures of religiosity that are more connected to the individual and familial daily experience (Mahoney et al., 1999). The purpose of this paper is to explore in detail how religion and family religious rituals relate to, interface with, and affect the day-to-day activity of family life. It includes qualitative analysis of interviews with highly religious parents and children in 67 families that belong to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grounded theory was employed to analyze the data and a conceptual …
Is Marriage Education Effective? A Meta-Analytic Review Of Marriage Education Programs, Elizabeth Brinton Fawcett
Is Marriage Education Effective? A Meta-Analytic Review Of Marriage Education Programs, Elizabeth Brinton Fawcett
Theses and Dissertations
In the past few decades, several meta-analytic studies have attempted to answer the question: Is marriage education effective (Carroll & Doherty, 2003; Halford, Markman, Kline & Stanley, 2003; Reardon-Anderson, Stagner, Macomber, & Murray, 2004)? However, previous meta-analytic studies have been somewhat limited in their conclusions because they have reviewed a narrow portion of the marriage education spectrum (e.g. premarital education only, Carroll & Doherty, 2003), because they focused only on one particular program (e.g, Couples Communication, Butler & Wampler, 1999), because they failed to differentiate marital therapy from marital education programs (Reardon-Anderson et al., 2005), or because they excluded much …
Assessing Perceived Marriage Education Needs And Interests Of Latino Individuals In Utah County, Utah, Iliana Snyder
Assessing Perceived Marriage Education Needs And Interests Of Latino Individuals In Utah County, Utah, Iliana Snyder
Theses and Dissertations
This study utilized focus groups to assess the perceived needs and interests for marriage education among single and married Latino individuals residing in Utah County, Utah as well as the identification of common themes and differences for this population. Male and female groups at various points in the marital developmental life stage were studied including high school students (15-18 years of age), single never married young adults (19-30 years of age), committed (engaged or cohabiting) adults, married persons recently transitioning to parenting, and married people with children. The sample consisted of 10 groups, 5 female and 5 male. In addition, …
Social Withdrawal And Its Behavioral Correlates Among Chinese Preschoolers, Peixia Wu
Social Withdrawal And Its Behavioral Correlates Among Chinese Preschoolers, Peixia Wu
Theses and Dissertations
Researchers have recognized that social withdrawal in early childhood is a complex and multifaceted construct which includes three main observed subtypes: reticence, solitary-passive withdrawal, and solitary-active withdrawal. Each is differentially associated with children's behavioral outcomes in Western societies (e.g., United States, Canada). Furthermore, potential gender differences may exist regarding the distinct associations between non-social behavior and indices of maladjustment across boys and girls due to differential societal and cultural gender-role expectations. Previous studies suggest that subtypes of observed social withdrawal can be identified in Chinese preschoolers. It is important to examine the behavioral correlates of observed withdrawn subtypes in the …
Predictors Of Change In Health Care Use After Marital And Family Therapy, Scott H. Payne
Predictors Of Change In Health Care Use After Marital And Family Therapy, Scott H. Payne
Theses and Dissertations
The cost of health care continues to increase. Based on the biopsychosocial model of heath care, it has been shown that the treatment of psychological and social problems can have a cost offset effect on the cost of medical care. While this offset effect has been shown in an MFT population, there are no known studies that have looked at predictors of the change in medical use by those that receive marital and family therapy. This study looked at psychological and social measures of individuals who received marital and family therapy. These measures were evaluated based on the change from …
Understanding The Other Side: The Traits Of Partners Of Individuals With Neurotic Traits In Committed Premarital Relationships, Ryan W. Blick
Understanding The Other Side: The Traits Of Partners Of Individuals With Neurotic Traits In Committed Premarital Relationships, Ryan W. Blick
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to identify the partners' traits and skills that predict relationship satisfaction in committed, premarital relationships in which one person has neurotic traits, as well as to examine the degree of consensus about neuroticism for both individuals. Data from 198 never-married, young adult, premarital couples who had completed the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE) questionnaire were used in the analyses. Measures of perceived partner traits and skills included levels of empathic communication, clear sending, flooding, kindness, flexibility, criticism, and contempt and defensiveness. Relationship satisfaction as measured by RELATE was the criterion variable. Results showed little agreement between …
Understanding Psychological Control Through Differences Between Shame And Disappointment: Implications For Childhood Agression, Sacha Leah Bikhazi
Understanding Psychological Control Through Differences Between Shame And Disappointment: Implications For Childhood Agression, Sacha Leah Bikhazi
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the potentially unique roles that parental use of two psychological control dimensions, shame and disappointment, play in predicting children's relational and physical aggression. It was additionally of interest to investigate whether warm/involved parenting would moderate the effects of these forms of psychological control on both types of childhood aggression. Based on a review of literature, it was hypothesized that parental use of shame would positively predict aggression in children, whereas parental use of disappointment would not be significantly associated with childhood aggression. Additionally, it was hypothesized that warm, involved parenting would have …
Belief Formation Through Family Storytelling: Implications For Family Therapy, Kelly Gagalis-Hoffman
Belief Formation Through Family Storytelling: Implications For Family Therapy, Kelly Gagalis-Hoffman
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to phenomenologically explore and describe the influence family storytelling has on the formation and transference of beliefs. This study was a case study of one family who was identified as engaging in family storytelling. The participants were selected based on their participation in a 2004 pilot study, "A Phenomenological Examination of Family Recreational Storytelling." The results of the 2004 pilot study were analyzed for belief-centered themes. It was upon those themes that questions for this study were based. For this study it was hypothesized that: 1) storytelling strengthens family bonds and connections; 2) storytelling …
The Developmental Timing Of Divorce And Adult Children's Romantic Relationship Quality, Abigail Joy Viveiros
The Developmental Timing Of Divorce And Adult Children's Romantic Relationship Quality, Abigail Joy Viveiros
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding the contingencies that explain whether divorce has positive or negative long-term effects for adult children is at the heart of this study. Although previous studies suggest an association between parental divorce and the divorce of adult offspring, less known is about whether the timing of divorce influences the relationship outcomes of adult children. Using a large nationally representative sample in terms of race (N=6,066), eight groups of individuals (males and females from intact homes, males and females who experienced divorce during adolescence, males and females who experienced divorce during middle childhood, and males and females who experienced divorce during …
Adolescent Leisure Activities As A Moderator Of The Negative Effects Of Family Process On Adolescent Emotional Health, Samuel K. Dahlin
Adolescent Leisure Activities As A Moderator Of The Negative Effects Of Family Process On Adolescent Emotional Health, Samuel K. Dahlin
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an adolescent's experience with different types of leisure (achievement, social or time-out) would moderate the negative effects of dysfunctional family process on an adolescent's emotional health. A model was tested that hypothesized that leisure experienced as achievement or social by adolescents would buffer the negative effects of a dysfunctional family. A sample of 243 clinical and non-clinical adolescents completed the Global Severity Index, the Family Assessment Device, and the Leisure Questionnaire. Three regression analyses were run for the whole sample (n=243), the male sample (n=150), and the female sample (n=93). In …
Implicit Family Process And Couples Rules: A Comparison Of American And Hungarian Families, Noemi Gergely
Implicit Family Process And Couples Rules: A Comparison Of American And Hungarian Families, Noemi Gergely
Theses and Dissertations
Family life is organized by rules, and most of them are unspokenly agreed-upon by family members and may be even out of awareness. Implicit family process and couple rules may facilitate or constrain family relationship and intimate couple relationship growth. Prevalence of family rules may be different across cultures. Family members may perceive their rules and family functioning differently according to their family position and gender. Married couples may view their relationship rules differently than couples who cohabit. This study utilized the Family Implicit Rules Profile (FIRP) and the Couples Implicit Rules Profile (CIRP) Questionnaires to answer these research questions. …
Marital Harmony And Conflict: Linkages To Infants' Emotional Regulation, Cardiac Vagal Tone, And Developmental Status At Six- And Nine-Months Of Age, Staci Shizuko Ohmine
Marital Harmony And Conflict: Linkages To Infants' Emotional Regulation, Cardiac Vagal Tone, And Developmental Status At Six- And Nine-Months Of Age, Staci Shizuko Ohmine
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the linkages between marital harmony and conflict and infants' emotional and physiological regulation abilities and developmental status at six- and nine-months of age. Participants included 93 first-time mothers and their infants (43 males, 50 females) from a Mountain West community. Mothers were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires, including a demographic measure and Braiker and Kelly's (1979) marital quality questionnaire. The revised Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID II) and Behavior Rating Scales (BRS) 2nd Edition were administered at six- and nine-months to measure infants' mental and motor development status and emotional regulation abilities. Infants' heart …
Family-Of-Origin Quality, Regulation Of Negative Affect, Marital Stability, And Couple Drinking Patterns, Heidi M. Brunner
Family-Of-Origin Quality, Regulation Of Negative Affect, Marital Stability, And Couple Drinking Patterns, Heidi M. Brunner
Theses and Dissertations
The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of family-of-origin quality, adult regulation of negative affect, and marital stability with the extent to which couples report they drink similarly and the extent to which they report that the husband drinks more than the wife. It was hypothesized that these two types of couple drinking patterns would be impacted by each individual spouse's context as well as by the interaction of those contexts. A national sample of 1498 couples or 2996 individuals (1498 wives and 1498 husbands married to each other) participated in this study. This study sought …
Japanese Mothers' Parenting Styles With Preschool-Age Children, Ai Shibazaki Lau
Japanese Mothers' Parenting Styles With Preschool-Age Children, Ai Shibazaki Lau
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine whether Western typologies of parenting (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and psychological control) and their dimensions (e.g., connection, regulation, physical punishment, verbal hostility) can be measured in the context of Japanese parenting. Based on the literature review, it was hypothesized that these parenting constructs are measurable in Japan. The participants were 214 Japanese mothers of preschool-age children (101 boys and 113 girls) from several preschools in Kushiro-city, Japan. A series of two-group (boys and girls) Confirmatory Factor Analysis was carried out with Mplus statistical software to test the measurement models of authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, …
Parenting Practices In Emerging Adulthood: Development Of A New Measure, Melanie Easley Mckay
Parenting Practices In Emerging Adulthood: Development Of A New Measure, Melanie Easley Mckay
Theses and Dissertations
Given that more and more young people are living at home well into their twenties, and parents no longer see their children as adults until well into their mid to late twenties (Nelson, Walker, Carroll, Madsen, Barry, & Badger, 2006), parents may continue to "parent" for much longer than we have typically believed. Although parenting may still play an important role, little research has been done examining parenting in emerging adulthood, including its correlates and outcomes. As such, there is a need for a measure of parenting that is appropriate for use in emerging adulthood. The current study attempted to …
How Parents And Their Adolescent Children "Talk The Talk" In Religious Conversations, Jennifer Yorgason Thatcher
How Parents And Their Adolescent Children "Talk The Talk" In Religious Conversations, Jennifer Yorgason Thatcher
Theses and Dissertations
This study builds on previous research regarding parent-child religious conversations to explore the elements and bidirectional processes of parent-adolescent religious conversations. It employs qualitative analyses of interviews with highly religious parents and adolescents representing the major Abrahamic faiths (Christianity, Judaism, Islam) from New England and Northern California. Variations in content, structure, conversational processes, and bidirectional influence are summarized in a conceptual model. Findings suggest that the quality of conversations is greater for parents and adolescents when they are youth-centered than when they are parent-centered.
The Relationship Of Implicit Family Process Rules To Adolescent Presentation Of Psychological Systems, Ian David Feinauer
The Relationship Of Implicit Family Process Rules To Adolescent Presentation Of Psychological Systems, Ian David Feinauer
Theses and Dissertations
Implicit family process rules refer to unspoken rules about family beliefs and expectations about communication, closeness, and organization and are an important dimension of family functioning that may have a powerful influence over adolescent psychological well being. This study focused on the relationship between implicit family process rules and adolescent psychological symptoms such as: Hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and somatization. It was hypothesized that more facilitative implicit family process rules would be related to fewer adolescent psychological symptoms. In addition, a model was created that included theexogenousindependent variables of family status, (defined as intact-marriage or non-intact), treatment status (whether …
Internalized Shame As A Moderating Variable For Inhibited Sexual Difficulties In Adult Women Resulting From Childhood Sexual Abuse, Kristine Robinson
Internalized Shame As A Moderating Variable For Inhibited Sexual Difficulties In Adult Women Resulting From Childhood Sexual Abuse, Kristine Robinson
Theses and Dissertations
An adult female sample of childhood sexual abuse survivors (N=467) were surveyed to determine whether internalized shame moderated the effects of sexual inhibited difficulties. Other variables such as severity, duration, and frequency of sexual abuse, as well as whether physical abuse was also part of their experience, were examined to determine their role in later sexual inhibition. It was predicted that there would be a significant positive relationship between 1) Scores on variables of physical abuse, severity of abuse, frequency of abuse, duration of abuse, identity of the perpetrator and scores on the variable of inhibited sexual difficulties; 2) Scores …