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Articles 511 - 540 of 793
Full-Text Articles in Family, Life Course, and Society
Media Perspectives On Partnerships To Address Family Health In Northern India: Implications For Behavior Change Communication, Population Council
Media Perspectives On Partnerships To Address Family Health In Northern India: Implications For Behavior Change Communication, Population Council
Reproductive Health
Ideosync Media Combine, a partner in the Population Council-led consortium, conducted a qualitative study of media agencies to explore the perspectives of senior media managers in northern India on the following issues: (a) the decisionmaking process related to content; (b) the approaches adopted for audience targeting and feedback; (c) the extent of health-related coverage in the media and the process of prioritization of other development issues; and (d) partnership priorities and possibilities for collaboration. The policy brief discusses findings related to these issues and presents implications for the behavior change communication strategy.
Role Of The Corporate Sector In Promoting Family Health In Uttar Pradesh: Implications For Behavior Change Communication, Population Council
Role Of The Corporate Sector In Promoting Family Health In Uttar Pradesh: Implications For Behavior Change Communication, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The Confederation of Indian Industry, a partner in the Population Council–led Consortium, took the lead to explore a) the role of the corporate sector in family health in Uttar Pradesh, India; b) the possibility of partnering with this sector to design, leverage, and implement a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy; and c) the support and assistance the sector would require to ensure better planning and implementation of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Based on the findings, this policy brief identified the following, with implications for BCC strategy: corporate partnerships have the potential to scale up initiatives; companies can leverage …
Role Of Advertising Agencies In Behavior Change Communication, Population Council
Role Of Advertising Agencies In Behavior Change Communication, Population Council
Reproductive Health
A partner in the Population Council–led Consortium, RK Swamy BBDO, conducted a qualitative study of advertising agencies to document their experiences with regard to planning and implementing behavior change communication (BCC) campaigns on social and health issues for rural populations; explore media planners' perspectives regarding the challenges faced in implementing these campaigns and possible strategies to make them more effective; and understand the role of the Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity, the nodal multi-media unit of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India in reaching rural populations with information on government policies and programs. The findings outlined …
Increasing Postpartum Contraception In Rural Uttar Pradesh: Implications For Behavior Change Communication, Population Council
Increasing Postpartum Contraception In Rural Uttar Pradesh: Implications For Behavior Change Communication, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The Population Council conducted a formative study in rural Uttar Pradesh, India to assess the level of adoption of postpartum contraception for spacing among low parity women, identify the facilitating factors and barriers to the adoption of this target behavior, and identify programmatic and behavior change communications (BCC) initiatives that could accelerate the adoption of postpartum contraception for spacing and improve the service delivery system, if required, to facilitate the process. Barriers included low awareness of consequences of closely spaced births, misconceptions about contraceptive methods, lack of counseling by health workers, reluctance to include husbands, and programmatic emphasis on limiting …
Improving The Health Care Response To Gender-Based Violence: Project Evaluation Report, Meiwita P. Budiharsana, Mai Quoc Tung
Improving The Health Care Response To Gender-Based Violence: Project Evaluation Report, Meiwita P. Budiharsana, Mai Quoc Tung
Reproductive Health
Consistent with previous studies, this study provides evidence that gender-based violence (GBV) remains a problem in Viet Nam with indications that it may be on the increase. In 2009 the Population Council Viet Nam in collaboration with the Hanoi Health Department, carried out an evaluation among the staff of Duc Giang Hospital to assess the extent to which awareness and perceptions of GBV had changed since a pilot intervention project commenced in 2005. Overall the project has been very effective in raising awareness and willingness to integrate GBV screening in the health services. This report documents the results and lists …
Private Sector's Role In Health Service Provision In Senegal, Population Council
Private Sector's Role In Health Service Provision In Senegal, Population Council
Reproductive Health
In Senegal, private providers are a major source of health services, including contraceptive services, and private sector partnerships are a key component of the Ministry of Health strategy toward achieving national health objectives. This brief reports on SMNI/PF/PALU—a five-year USAID-bilateral project aiming to foster high-quality service delivery, and build strong links between all levels of the health system and communities, including between private and public health sectors. In Senegal, private businesses have hosted innovative advocacy activities, committed to health supplies and information management, and demonstrated a general interest in supporting a collaborative movement toward national health objectives. With private sector’s …
Rôle Du Secteur Privé Dans L'Offre De Services De Santé Au Sénégal, Population Council
Rôle Du Secteur Privé Dans L'Offre De Services De Santé Au Sénégal, Population Council
Reproductive Health
In Senegal, private providers are a major source of health services, including contraceptive services, and private sector partnerships are a key component of the Ministry of Health strategy toward achieving national health objectives. This brief reports on SMNI/PF/PALU—a five-year USAID-bilateral project aiming to foster high-quality service delivery, and build strong links between all levels of the health system and communities, including between private and public health sectors. In Senegal, private businesses have hosted innovative advocacy activities, committed to health supplies and information management, and demonstrated a general interest in supporting a collaborative movement toward national health objectives. With private sector’s …
Assessing The Feasibility Of Home Administration Of Misoprostol In The Prevention Of Postpartum Hemorrhage In Rural Pakistan, Ali M. Mir, Abdul Wajid, Sadaf Gull
Assessing The Feasibility Of Home Administration Of Misoprostol In The Prevention Of Postpartum Hemorrhage In Rural Pakistan, Ali M. Mir, Abdul Wajid, Sadaf Gull
Reproductive Health
This report details an operations research project carried out by the Population Council as part of the Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns. The overall goal of the project was to test the feasibility of administering misoprostol for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in a home setting through community‐based healthcare providers, including traditional birth attendants (TBAs), or family members, in two districts of Pakistan. Furthermore, it aimed to identify common side effects of misoprostol and determine the reduction in demand for referral due to PPH after oral ingestion of misoprostol. The results provide a useful addition to the literature …
Assessing The Potential Acceptability Of A New Cadre Of Community Midwives For Pregnancy And Delivery Related Care In Rural Pakistan: Findings From A Qualitative Study, Abdul Wajid, Ali M. Mir, Zubaida Rashid, Abida Aziz
Assessing The Potential Acceptability Of A New Cadre Of Community Midwives For Pregnancy And Delivery Related Care In Rural Pakistan: Findings From A Qualitative Study, Abdul Wajid, Ali M. Mir, Zubaida Rashid, Abida Aziz
Reproductive Health
The Population Council designed an operations research study to assess the potential acceptability of a new cadre of community midwives (CMWs) for pregnancy and delivery-related care in rural Pakistan. Specific objectives of the study were to determine the need for skilled birth attendants, identify any misconceptions in the community about CMWs, determine levels of acceptance in the community, and explore barriers to the placement of CMWs in the community. The report recommends sensitizing family members so they are more willing to grant permission for pregnant women to consult CMWs, developing flexible fee structures, giving clients greater accessibility, building a network …
Future Demands For Services From Public Health Facilities In Uttar Pradesh, Population Council
Future Demands For Services From Public Health Facilities In Uttar Pradesh, Population Council
Reproductive Health
A Population Council-led consortium in India conducted a study to assess (a) the expected workload of public health facilities, and (b) the extent to which the demand for contraception could be met by the existing health facilities in Uttar Pradesh, following the implementation of behavior change communication (BCC) activities. This policy brief recommends that BCC efforts create demand for services and address perceptions that it is “not necessary” to access health care services. BCC must play a greater role in motivating women to move to facilities not just for institutional delivery but for other services as well. BCC can also …
Increasing The Practice Of Thermal Care To Prevent Newborn Hypothermia: Implications For Behavior Change Communication In Rural Uttar Pradesh, Population Council
Increasing The Practice Of Thermal Care To Prevent Newborn Hypothermia: Implications For Behavior Change Communication In Rural Uttar Pradesh, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The Population Council conducted a formative study in rural Uttar Pradesh, India to assess current newborn bathing practices and the methods adopted to keep the baby warm immediately after birth; explore the beliefs that guide these customs and practices; identify the barriers and facilitating factors in adopting healthy newborn care practices, such as skin-to-skin contact (STSC); and identify programmatic and behavior change communication (BCC) initiatives that could accelerate the adoption of newborn care practices. Barriers included misconceptions about the consequences of bathing a newborn and a lack of awareness among mothers and health workers about STSC. Facilitating factors included contact …
Kenya's Fertility Transition: Trends, Determinants And Implications For Policy And Programmes, Ian Askew, Alex C. Ezeh, John Bongaarts, John Townsend
Kenya's Fertility Transition: Trends, Determinants And Implications For Policy And Programmes, Ian Askew, Alex C. Ezeh, John Bongaarts, John Townsend
Reproductive Health
In Africa, fertility rates in the 1990s declined less rapidly than had been projected, and in a few cases the fertility transition appears to have stalled. This development has serious implications for future population growth because projected population size is sensitive to minor variations in current fertility trends. The 16 countries with three DHS surveys in sub-Saharan Africa can be divided into three subgroups: stalled transitions, insignificant declines, and significant declines. Half of the 16 countries experienced a stall, and an additional two experienced insignificant declines. The Population Council prepared a series of demographic and policy analyses that drew from …
Kwazulu-Natal Department Of Health Policy And Guidelines For Integrated Ante And Postnatal Care At District Hospital Community Health Centre And Clinic Level, Population Council
Kwazulu-Natal Department Of Health Policy And Guidelines For Integrated Ante And Postnatal Care At District Hospital Community Health Centre And Clinic Level, Population Council
Reproductive Health
A 2006 baseline survey conducted by CARE Kenya indicated that sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is widespread throughout Kenya’s North Eastern Province. Other findings revealed that high levels of stigma and gender imbalances are associated with sexual violence and female genital mutilation (FGM) and that a coordinated approach to responding to the service needs of survivors is missing. As noted in this report, there is limited awareness of the legal mechanisms available to survivors. The Population Council’s study in Wajir District ascertained the need for and possible components of an integrated and comprehensive services model that could meet the needs …
Integration Of Services: Making Integrated Services A Reality, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Integration Of Services: Making Integrated Services A Reality, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Programs seeking to provide a more comprehensive RH service may establish or strengthen referrals between related yet separately provided services that enable a client to receive the range of needed services. There are two main rationales for integrating services. First, many clients have needs for several services; and second, there is an expectation that providing integrated or linked services can be more efficient programmatically. Little empirical evidence exists to support these underlying rationales, or to guide policies and programs in organizing services effectively and efficiently. Lessons from FRONTIERS have demonstrated not only the demand for multiple services, but also the …
A Religious Oriented Approach To Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Among The Somali Community Of Wajir, Kenya, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Ian Askew
A Religious Oriented Approach To Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Among The Somali Community Of Wajir, Kenya, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Ian Askew
Reproductive Health
The Somali ethnic community, in Kenya as well in Somalia, Djibouti, and Ethiopia, has practiced genital cutting for centuries and the practice appears to have remained largely unchanged. The community practices the severest form of FGM/C, type III or infibulation. The Population Council’s FRONTIERS program, with support from USAID/Kenya, carried out two studies to better understand the practice of FGM/C among the Somalis in North Eastern Province so as to inform the design and implementation of interventions that would encourage abandonment of the practice. Both studies collected data through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with community and religious leaders, …
The Making Of The Kenya Sexual Offenses Act, 2006: Behind The Scenes, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Njoki Ndung'u, Nancy Baraza, Harriet Birungi
The Making Of The Kenya Sexual Offenses Act, 2006: Behind The Scenes, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Njoki Ndung'u, Nancy Baraza, Harriet Birungi
Reproductive Health
Kenya’s enactment of the Sexual Offenses Bill in 2006 was a milestone in dealing with sexual offenses and gender-based violence. The bill is Kenya’s first legal recognition of the many sex crimes that occur in the country. Among other things, the law criminalizes deliberate transmission of HIV/AIDS and provides rape victims with free medical care and counseling in public institutions. Convicted rapists will now face a minimum sentence of ten years, while a maximum penalty will be life imprisonment. A retrospective study was conducted to document the process leading to the enactment of the law. The objective was to document …
Guide Pour Les Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence : Introduire Et Développer L'Offre Des Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence Dans Les Pays En Voie De Développement, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ricardo Vernon, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, John Townsend, Victoria Rumbold
Guide Pour Les Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence : Introduire Et Développer L'Offre Des Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence Dans Les Pays En Voie De Développement, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ricardo Vernon, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, John Townsend, Victoria Rumbold
Reproductive Health
Pendant plus d'une décennie, les défenseurs ont cherché à améliorer l'accès à la contraception d'urgence (CU) dans le monde. Ces efforts ont été couronnés de succès en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, ont suscité de nombreux débats en Amérique latine et commencent à prendre racine en Asie. En Afrique, cependant, le succès des programmes communautaires reste limité. Même dans les pays où l'environnement réglementaire est favorable, les contraintes de ressources au sein du secteur public limitent la capacité de fournir des services de CU cohérents et de qualité à faible coût. Dans un nombre croissant de pays africains, le …
Enquête Sur La Contraception D'Urgence (Cu) Au Niveau Des Pharmacies, Nafissatou J. Diop, Babacar Mane, Ousseynou Faye, Cheikh Ibrahima Niang, Thiaba Thiaw, Aissatou Sano Coly, Fatou Mbow, Youmane Niang Faye
Enquête Sur La Contraception D'Urgence (Cu) Au Niveau Des Pharmacies, Nafissatou J. Diop, Babacar Mane, Ousseynou Faye, Cheikh Ibrahima Niang, Thiaba Thiaw, Aissatou Sano Coly, Fatou Mbow, Youmane Niang Faye
Reproductive Health
No abstract provided.
Revitalizing Family Planning: Lessons Learned On Strengthening Contraceptive Provision, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Revitalizing Family Planning: Lessons Learned On Strengthening Contraceptive Provision, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Attention and resources have gradually shifted from family planning (FP) in the past decade, but globally need remains high, with an estimated 350 million couples lacking access to FP. FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health Program findings can help address this need by providing useful lessons on process and impact of improving quality of care in clinics, feasibility and effectiveness of community‐based distribution, and proven ways to increase access to underutilized contraceptive methods. This evidence can help strengthen programs and can be used for advocacy in revitalizing FP efforts, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa where modern method contraceptive prevalence is only 16 percent. …
Maximizing Utilization Of Research, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Maximizing Utilization Of Research, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Operations research (OR) can only be judged successful if results are utilized for making decisions to strengthen RH/FP policies and service delivery. How can this best be achieved? How can both process and impact of OR be measured? Drawing from ten years of FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health OR experience, a number of key principles for promoting research utilization, illustrated with documented examples, are presented here. One important first step is clarifying terms used, almost interchangeably, in research utilization, as it incorporates a range of ways in which research can be used for making decisions to strengthen RH/FP policies and programs. …
Gender And Reproductive Health Services: Putting Gender Perspective Into Practice, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Gender And Reproductive Health Services: Putting Gender Perspective Into Practice, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Promoting gender equity is widely acknowledged as important for improving reproductive health (RH) programs, as gender shapes all aspects of RH service delivery. Thus promoting gender equity—fairness and justice in responsibilities and access to benefits for women, men, girls, and boys—is a major goal for RH programs. But how can programs operationalize the concept of gender perspective when delivering family planning (FP) and other RH services? What impact does this have on use and effectiveness? FRONTIERS projects have improved understanding of the impact of gender issues on RH and have helped identify effective actions for incorporating gender perspective into services. …
Financial Sustainability Of Reproductive Health Services—Understanding Costs: An Essential Skill In Reproductive Health Programs, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Financial Sustainability Of Reproductive Health Services—Understanding Costs: An Essential Skill In Reproductive Health Programs, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Reproductive health (RH) services remain a low priority for most developing country health programs and face continuing reductions in donor funding and competition from other priorities, such as HIV and malaria. Thus, it is important to understand the costs of interventions and to compare them with existing or alternative service-delivery strategies. FRONTIERS studies provide important lessons about measuring costs and effectiveness of public and nongovernmental programs, planning for costing during scale-up, and improving understanding of issues influencing financial sustainability. This is one of eight Legacy Papers synthesizing major lessons learned in research conducted under the FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health Program. …
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Change Is Possible, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Change Is Possible, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Changing long-standing cultural practices—even when such practices are harmful—is difficult, but the impressive success in reducing the acceptability and incidence of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in several settings shows it is possible. Research by FRONTIERS in Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, and Senegal has provided insight into the sociocultural and religious underpinnings of FGM/C and has identified approaches that, over time, have contributed to individual and community decisions to abandon the practice. This information can help reduce the risk of undergoing FGM/C faced by three million girls and women every year. This is one of eight Legacy Papers synthesizing …
Capacity Building: Creating A Culture Of Evidence-Based Decisionmaking, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Capacity Building: Creating A Culture Of Evidence-Based Decisionmaking, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
For research to have significant impact, it is important to have not only trained individuals and institutions capable of conducting research, but also program managers and donors who believe in making decisions based on evidence. The focus on fostering research utilization through capacity building has been a major contribution of the FRONTIERS legacy. The FRONTIERS capacity-building initiative began in 1999 in response to the need for developing-country partners and institutions to conduct research, understand study findings, and develop policies and programs based on evidence. This is one of eight Legacy Papers synthesizing major lessons learned in research conducted under the …
Youth Reproductive Health: Investing In The Future, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Youth Reproductive Health: Investing In The Future, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Youth—young people aged 10–24—constitute about a quarter of the world's population. Nearly three-quarters of these young people live in the developing world, and they suffer a disproportionate share of unplanned pregnancies, STIs including HIV, and other reproductive health (RH) problems. Research undertaken by FRONTIERS has shed light on numerous aspects of youth RH, including the information needs of young people, married adolescents, and parents and guardians. Findings from over 20 studies on youth RH provide important lessons about which interventions are effective, what kind of impact is possible, and what approaches have limited impact. This paper focuses on engaging all …
Implementation Of Maternal Health Financial Scheme In Rural Bangladesh, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Ubaidur Rob, Tasnima Kibria
Implementation Of Maternal Health Financial Scheme In Rural Bangladesh, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Ubaidur Rob, Tasnima Kibria
Reproductive Health
The maternal mortality ratio in Bangladesh has declined from more than 600 per 100,000 live births in 1980 to 322 in 2004, yet it is still unacceptably high. Economic barriers are an important factor in deterring pregnant women from seeking services at health facilities. To achieve the country’s Millennium Development Goal of reducing the maternal mortality ratio to 143 by 2015, the Population Council conducted an operations research study to test the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing an innovative model of health care financing to increase utilization of maternal health services by poor, rural women. As this report notes, “Voucher …
Operational Research For The Introduction Of An Adolescent Health Package In The Context Of Cervical Cancer Prevention, Marieke G. Van Dijk, Katherine Wilson, Claudia Diaz, Sandra G. Garcia
Operational Research For The Introduction Of An Adolescent Health Package In The Context Of Cervical Cancer Prevention, Marieke G. Van Dijk, Katherine Wilson, Claudia Diaz, Sandra G. Garcia
Reproductive Health
This report provides findings from a WHO/PAHO/UNFPA meeting that took place in Mexico City in 2009. Participants discussed a proposed operational research study on adolescent health and cervical cancer prevention that would help support countries that have already made or will soon make a policy decision to introduce the HPV vaccine. Adolescents typically have little contact with health services, particularly for immunization programs. Since new HPV vaccines target adolescent girls, the introduction of HPV vaccines may provide an opportunity for adolescents to engage more with health services and this may create openings to offer packages of adolescent health services that …
Mainstreaming Ec In Africa: The Ec Facilitative Re-Granting Program—Final Narrative Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Youmane Niang Faye, Victoria Rumbold
Mainstreaming Ec In Africa: The Ec Facilitative Re-Granting Program—Final Narrative Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Youmane Niang Faye, Victoria Rumbold
Reproductive Health
Since 2006, ECafrique has been working to build the capacity of African nongovernmental organizations to design, implement, and evaluate successful emergency contraception (EC) mainstreaming projects. Through a process of “facilitative regranting,” ECafrique annually awarded nine grants ranging from $25,000 to $30,000 to organizations from across Anglophone and Francophone Africa. The program’s objectives were to increase access to EC across Africa by supporting projects intended to introduce, scale up, or mainstream the method, and build the capacity of African NGOs to design, implement, and evaluate successful EC mainstreaming projects. Each grantee participated in an international proposal development workshop and received individualized …
Acceptability And Promotion Strategies For Lng-Ius In Ghana: A Public Health Assessment, Philomena Nyarko, Cletus Adohinzin, Placide Tapsoba, Selina F. Esantsi, John Townsend, Nicholas Kanlisi, Ekua Ed-Nighpense, Gloria Quansah Asare
Acceptability And Promotion Strategies For Lng-Ius In Ghana: A Public Health Assessment, Philomena Nyarko, Cletus Adohinzin, Placide Tapsoba, Selina F. Esantsi, John Townsend, Nicholas Kanlisi, Ekua Ed-Nighpense, Gloria Quansah Asare
Reproductive Health
In response to concerns about the side effects of the IUD, the commonly known reversible, long-term method in Ghana, and to curb the shift from long-term to short-term methods, the Ghana Health Service decided to expand women’s contraceptive method choices by introducing the Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS), a hormonal IUD, into the contraceptive method mix. The LNG-IUS is a uterine contraceptive that provides effective long-term protection up to five years. Even though the product has been certified as safe and effective, it was necessary to ensure that it satisfies client’s needs and meets provider expectations. The Population Council, in collaboration …
Special Needs Of In-School Hiv Positive Young People In Uganda, Francis Obare, Harriet Birungi, Anne Katahoire, Hannington Nkayivu, Aggrey David Kibenge
Special Needs Of In-School Hiv Positive Young People In Uganda, Francis Obare, Harriet Birungi, Anne Katahoire, Hannington Nkayivu, Aggrey David Kibenge
Reproductive Health
Since 2006, the Population Council has pioneered operations research in collaboration with local partners in Uganda to promote the sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people aged 10–19 years infected with HIV. Key findings show that many young people perinatally infected with HIV want to be in school to avoid social isolation, and about 70 percent of them attend school. However, there has been limited understanding of how the education sector should support this vulnerable group of learners. The objective of this study was to explore the special needs of HIV-positive young people in primary and secondary schools …