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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 2120
Full-Text Articles in Sociology
Hospice Africa Uganda: End-Of-Project Evaluation Of Palliative Care Services, Annette Bongiovanni, Mary Alexis Greenan
Hospice Africa Uganda: End-Of-Project Evaluation Of Palliative Care Services, Annette Bongiovanni, Mary Alexis Greenan
HIV and AIDS
Hospice Africa Uganda (HAU) is a nongovernmental organization that provides palliative care services to people living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) and cancer. Based in Kampala, HAU aims to scale-up palliative care within and beyond the nation’s borders. From 2005–08, HAU sought to achieve the following objectives: 1) Increase coverage and scope of palliative care services available to PHA and their families; 2) Train health workers and other HIV/AIDS care providers to integrate pain management, symptom control, and end-of-life care into their existing HIV/AIDS support programs; 3) Build the capacity of families, communities, and community-based organizations in palliative care provision; 4) Integrate …
Kenya's Fertility Transition: Trends, Determinants And Implications For Policy And Programmes, Ian Askew, Alex C. Ezeh, John Bongaarts, John Townsend
Kenya's Fertility Transition: Trends, Determinants And Implications For Policy And Programmes, Ian Askew, Alex C. Ezeh, John Bongaarts, John Townsend
Reproductive Health
In Africa, fertility rates in the 1990s declined less rapidly than had been projected, and in a few cases the fertility transition appears to have stalled. This development has serious implications for future population growth because projected population size is sensitive to minor variations in current fertility trends. The 16 countries with three DHS surveys in sub-Saharan Africa can be divided into three subgroups: stalled transitions, insignificant declines, and significant declines. Half of the 16 countries experienced a stall, and an additional two experienced insignificant declines. The Population Council prepared a series of demographic and policy analyses that drew from …
Kwazulu-Natal Department Of Health Policy And Guidelines For Integrated Ante And Postnatal Care At District Hospital Community Health Centre And Clinic Level, Population Council
Kwazulu-Natal Department Of Health Policy And Guidelines For Integrated Ante And Postnatal Care At District Hospital Community Health Centre And Clinic Level, Population Council
Reproductive Health
A 2006 baseline survey conducted by CARE Kenya indicated that sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is widespread throughout Kenya’s North Eastern Province. Other findings revealed that high levels of stigma and gender imbalances are associated with sexual violence and female genital mutilation (FGM) and that a coordinated approach to responding to the service needs of survivors is missing. As noted in this report, there is limited awareness of the legal mechanisms available to survivors. The Population Council’s study in Wajir District ascertained the need for and possible components of an integrated and comprehensive services model that could meet the needs …
Integration Of Services: Making Integrated Services A Reality, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Integration Of Services: Making Integrated Services A Reality, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Programs seeking to provide a more comprehensive RH service may establish or strengthen referrals between related yet separately provided services that enable a client to receive the range of needed services. There are two main rationales for integrating services. First, many clients have needs for several services; and second, there is an expectation that providing integrated or linked services can be more efficient programmatically. Little empirical evidence exists to support these underlying rationales, or to guide policies and programs in organizing services effectively and efficiently. Lessons from FRONTIERS have demonstrated not only the demand for multiple services, but also the …
A Religious Oriented Approach To Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Among The Somali Community Of Wajir, Kenya, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Ian Askew
A Religious Oriented Approach To Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Among The Somali Community Of Wajir, Kenya, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Ian Askew
Reproductive Health
The Somali ethnic community, in Kenya as well in Somalia, Djibouti, and Ethiopia, has practiced genital cutting for centuries and the practice appears to have remained largely unchanged. The community practices the severest form of FGM/C, type III or infibulation. The Population Council’s FRONTIERS program, with support from USAID/Kenya, carried out two studies to better understand the practice of FGM/C among the Somalis in North Eastern Province so as to inform the design and implementation of interventions that would encourage abandonment of the practice. Both studies collected data through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with community and religious leaders, …
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Lesotho 2004, Population Council
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Lesotho 2004, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Lesotho 2004” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …
Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007, Rajasthan, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007, Rajasthan, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This report is the result of a sub-national study undertaken by the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai and the Population Council, New Delhi, as part of a project to collect information on key transitions experienced by youth in India. This report from the Youth in India: Situation and Needs study describes the transition to adulthood experienced by young men and women in Rajasthan. In brief, the Youth Study has documented, for the first time, the multifaceted situation of youth in Rajasthan, emphasizing their heterogeneity, not only in terms of their situation but also with regard to their stated needs …
The Making Of The Kenya Sexual Offenses Act, 2006: Behind The Scenes, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Njoki Ndung'u, Nancy Baraza, Harriet Birungi
The Making Of The Kenya Sexual Offenses Act, 2006: Behind The Scenes, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Njoki Ndung'u, Nancy Baraza, Harriet Birungi
Reproductive Health
Kenya’s enactment of the Sexual Offenses Bill in 2006 was a milestone in dealing with sexual offenses and gender-based violence. The bill is Kenya’s first legal recognition of the many sex crimes that occur in the country. Among other things, the law criminalizes deliberate transmission of HIV/AIDS and provides rape victims with free medical care and counseling in public institutions. Convicted rapists will now face a minimum sentence of ten years, while a maximum penalty will be life imprisonment. A retrospective study was conducted to document the process leading to the enactment of the law. The objective was to document …
New Lessons: The Power Of Educating Adolescent Girls—A Girls Count Report On Adolescent Girls, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Juliet Young
New Lessons: The Power Of Educating Adolescent Girls—A Girls Count Report On Adolescent Girls, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Juliet Young
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The authors of this book demonstrate that education for girls during adolescence can be transformative, and they identify a broad array of promising educational approaches which should be evaluated for their impact. New Lessons provides data and analysis from research on more than 300 programs and projects for adolescent girls. It offers evidence on how proven practices, including scholarships for girls and the recruitment and training of female teachers, can increase the number of adolescent girls attending school and highlights the pedagogical approaches that enhance learning and employment.
Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007, Bihar, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007, Bihar, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This report is the result of a sub-national study undertaken by the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai and the Population Council, New Delhi, as part of a project to collect information on key transitions experienced by youth in India. The report focuses on findings from the survey conducted in Bihar. The four leading problems facing youth expressed by both young men and women were unemployment, poverty, lack of amenities, and lack of educational opportunities. The study alerts us to the many challenges confronting youth and their ability to make a successful transition to adulthood, and emphasizes the heterogeneity of …
Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007, Tamil Nadu, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007, Tamil Nadu, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This report is the result of a sub-national study undertaken by the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai and the Population Council, New Delhi, as part of a project to collect information on key transitions experienced by youth in India. The report focuses on findings from the survey conducted in Tamil Nadu. The Youth Study findings highlight the need for further study in terms of formative research that explores in greater depth the factors impeding successful transitions to adulthood, in the areas, for example, of secondary school completion, economic activity, sexual relations, and marriage and parenthood. The study alerts us …
Demographic Data For Development In Sub-Saharan Africa, Wendy Baldwin, Judith A. Diers
Demographic Data For Development In Sub-Saharan Africa, Wendy Baldwin, Judith A. Diers
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
More demographic data are being collected throughout the developing world than ever before, but the effective use of that data to further development goals is often lacking. This working paper summarizes case studies on the demand for data in four sub-Saharan African countries, namely Ethiopia, Ghana, Senegal, and Uganda. The project’s objective was to create a detailed portrait of access and demand at the country level, and to determine whether policymakers are getting the data they need to develop sound policies. Common findings across the four countries include an increased external demand from international initiatives that has not necessarily translated …
Educational Inequalities In The Midst Of Persistent Poverty: Diversity Across Africa In Educational Outcomes, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Paul C. Hewett
Educational Inequalities In The Midst Of Persistent Poverty: Diversity Across Africa In Educational Outcomes, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Paul C. Hewett
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This working paper explores inequalities in education across sub-Saharan Africa, focusing mostly on primary school completion rates, with attention also given to literacy as a more proximate indicator of human capital acquisition. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and UNICEF’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, we explore cross-country variations in primary school completion rates, gender and wealth gaps in education, and literacy rates in relation to one another and in relation to cross-country variations in national income per capita. While these data paint a picture of overall educational progress, particularly for girls, this general picture is juxtaposed against an …
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—India 2005/06, Population Council
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—India 2005/06, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: India 2005/06” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Pakistan 2006/07, Population Council
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Pakistan 2006/07, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Pakistan 2006/07” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Vietnam 2002, Population Council
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Vietnam 2002, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Vietnam 2002” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Ukraine 2007, Population Council
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Ukraine 2007, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Ukraine 2007” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …
Directory Of Programs For Rural Girls In Ethiopia, Elshaday Kifle, Mekuria Yilma, Emil Parker
Directory Of Programs For Rural Girls In Ethiopia, Elshaday Kifle, Mekuria Yilma, Emil Parker
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Rural girls in Ethiopia face significant challenges on a host of issues including health, education, civic participation, and access to services. Beyond traditional female roles of wife and mother, the livelihood options open to girls and women are narrow. The goal of the Ethiopia “Brain Trust” project is to expand and improve programs for rural girls in Ethiopia. Under the Trust, a team of program practitioners convenes to explore best practices in reaching and supporting rural girls. Currently, 18 organizations are represented in the Trust. In addition, the Trust seeks to improve networking and information sharing among program practitioners working …
Broadening Girls' Horizons: Effects Of Life Skills Education Programme In Rural Uttar Pradesh, Rajib Acharya, Shveta Kalyanwala, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Vinita Nathani
Broadening Girls' Horizons: Effects Of Life Skills Education Programme In Rural Uttar Pradesh, Rajib Acharya, Shveta Kalyanwala, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Vinita Nathani
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This report is the result of a collaborative project undertaken by Prerana, a Delhi-based NGO, and the Population Council to implement a life-skills education program for unmarried adolescent girls in rural Uttar Pradesh and to evaluate its effectiveness. The intervention program aimed to empower unmarried adolescent girls aged 13–17 years and address their vulnerabilities by: building their agency, fostering egalitarian gender role attitudes, building awareness about sexual and reproductive health matters, developing vocational skills and future work aspirations, and influencing perceptions about marriage and the ability to negotiate marriage-related decisions (delaying marriage and first pregnancy).
Needs Assessment Of Marginalised, Socially Excluded Immigrant Populations In Johannesburg, South Africa, Population Council
Needs Assessment Of Marginalised, Socially Excluded Immigrant Populations In Johannesburg, South Africa, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The birth of democracy in South Africa and the subsequent economic boom have made the country a prospective haven for many Africans willing or forced to leave their countries. Johannesburg has maintained its reputation as a city where everything is possible and accessible. Berea, Hillbrow, and Yeoville have become destinations for both internal and international (cross-border) migrants as a consequence of their proximity to the city center. However, migrant populations face obstacles that limit access to basic services such as health care, housing, transportation, employment, credit, and security. Asylum-seekers, refugees, and the undocumented are particularly vulnerable and at risk of …
Transition To Marriage And Parenthood Among Youth In Jharkhand, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Transition To Marriage And Parenthood Among Youth In Jharkhand, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Delaying the transition to marriage and parenthood among young people has been a policy and program priority for a number of years in India. For example, several national-level policies formulated since 2000 have advocated special program attention to delay age at marriage and age at first birth. Despite these commitments, substantial proportions of girls continue to marry in adolescence. As recently as in 2005–06, more than two-fifths of women aged 20–24 were married by 18 years nationally. Likewise, over one-fifth of women aged 20–24 had given birth before age 18 and two-fifths before age 20. While the magnitude of early …
Romance And Sex Before Marriage Among Young Women And Men In Jharkhand, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Romance And Sex Before Marriage Among Young Women And Men In Jharkhand, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Premarital partnerships among youth, including those that do not involve sexual relations, are widely discouraged in India. There is a widespread perception that youth do not find opportunities to mix and form romantic relationships and that premarital sex is negligible. These kinds of perceptions are often cited to argue against the provision of sex or family life education and sexual and reproductive health services to unmarried young people. While several small and unrepresentative studies have noted that sizable proportions of young people, particularly young men, are sexually active before marriage, the lack of rigorous and representative evidence on the levels …
Transition To Work Roles Among Youth In Jharkhand, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Transition To Work Roles Among Youth In Jharkhand, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Enabling young people to make a successful transition to work roles is one of the major thrusts of the Jharkhand Youth Policy. Two of the policy’s six objectives are directed toward achieving this goal: promoting education, vocational education, and training opportunities for youth and facilitating access to information, guidance, and employment; and creating an enabling environment for sustainable and gainful livelihood, employment, financial credit, and other services. This policy brief documents the extent to which youth in the state are equipped to make a successful transition to work roles and the extent to which they are making that transition. Are …
Transition To Work Roles Among Youth In Bihar, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Transition To Work Roles Among Youth In Bihar, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Achieving full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people, is one of the targets articulated under the Millennium Development Goals and ratified by countries worldwide, including India. Reflecting India’s commitment to meeting the employment needs of its citizens, new policy and programmatic initiatives have been launched in recent years. It is important to take stock of the extent to which youth are equipped to make a successful transition to work roles and the extent to which they are making that transition. This policy brief aims to do so for the state of Bihar. Are …
Transition To Marriage And Parenthood Among Youth In Bihar, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Transition To Marriage And Parenthood Among Youth In Bihar, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Delaying the transition to marriage and parenthood among young people has been a policy and program priority for several years in India. Several national-level policies formulated since 2000 have advocated special program attention to delay age at marriage and age at first birth. Despite these commitments, substantial proportions of girls continue to marry in adolescence. As recently as 2005–06, more than two-fifths of women aged 20–24 were married by 18 years nationally. Likewise, over one-fifth of women aged 20–24 had given birth before age 18 and two-fifths before age 20. While the magnitude of early marriage and childbearing has been …
Youth Participation In Civil Society And Political Life In Rajasthan, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Youth Participation In Civil Society And Political Life In Rajasthan, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Youth participation in civil society and political life is increasingly recognized as an important development objective. The opportunities for participation that young people experience in their communities may influence their development and the kind of transitions they make to adulthood. Behaviors and attitudes relating to community participation that individuals adopt as young people predict their lifelong civic affiliations and perspectives. In India, the National Youth Policy 2003 has underscored the role of India’s youth in political decision-making, and has argued for greater representation of youth in appropriate bodies as well as more extensive youth participation in the design and implementation …
Transition To Marriage And Parenthood Among Youth In Rajasthan, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Transition To Marriage And Parenthood Among Youth In Rajasthan, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Delaying the transition to marriage and parenthood among young people has been a policy and program priority for several years in India. Several national-level policies formulated since 2000 have advocated special program attention to delay age at marriage and age at first birth. Despite these commitments, substantial proportions of girls continue to marry in adolescence in India. As recently as in 2005–06, more than two-fifths of women aged 20–24 were married by 18 years nationally. Likewise, over one-fifth of women aged 20–24 had given birth before age 18 and two-fifths before age 20. While the magnitude of early marriage and …
Ensuring Education For All In Rajasthan: Highlighting The Obstacles, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Ensuring Education For All In Rajasthan: Highlighting The Obstacles, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The extent to which India will be able to successfully harness its demographic dividend depends significantly on the situation of its youth, notably on the levels of education and market-oriented skills they attain. While many states have made progress on the education front, many other states, including Rajasthan, have lagged behind. Looking at the current educational situation of youth in Rajasthan, this policy brief argues that significant investments in terms of appropriate policies and programs are required to: enable the state to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of universal primary education and elimination of gender disparity in primary and secondary …
Transition To Work Roles Among Youth In Rajasthan, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Transition To Work Roles Among Youth In Rajasthan, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Achieving full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people is one of the targets articulated under the Millennium Development Goals and ratified by countries worldwide, including India. Reflecting India’s commitment to meeting the employment needs of its citizens, new policy and programmatic initiatives have been launched in recent years. It is important to take stock of the extent to which youth are equipped to make a successful transition to work roles and the extent to which they are making that transition. This policy brief aims to do so for the state of Rajasthan. Specifically, …
Violence Within Marriage Among Young People In Tamil Nadu, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Violence Within Marriage Among Young People In Tamil Nadu, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Global attention to violence against women has increased significantly over the last decade. The recent United Nations General Assembly resolution called upon member states to intensify their efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women. In India, policies and programs have increasingly focused on preventing violence against women and supporting women who experience such violence. While several studies in India have highlighted the widespread prevalence of physical and sexual violence within marriage, little is known about violence within marriage among young people and the health consequences of those experiences for young women. This policy brief documents the perceptions of …