Sociology Commons^™

Cumulative Contextual Risk At Birth In Relation To Adolescent Substance Use, Conduct Problems, And Risky Sex: General And Specific Predictive Associations In A Finnish Birth Cohort, W. Alex Mason, Stacy-Ann A. January, Mary B. Chmelka, Gilbert R. Parra, Jukka Savolainen, Jouko Miettunen, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Anja Taanila, Irma Moilanen

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Background—Research indicates that risk factors cluster in the most vulnerable youth, increasing their susceptibility for adverse developmental outcomes. However, most studies of cumulative risk are cross-sectional or short-term longitudinal, and have been based on data from the United States or the United Kingdom. Using data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study (NFBC1986), we examined cumulative contextual risk (CCR) at birth as a predictor of adolescent substance use and co-occurring conduct problems and risky sex to determine the degree to which CCR predicts specific outcomes over-and-above its effect on general problem behavior, while testing for moderation of associations …

“No Good Deed Goes Unpunished”: The Costs Of Helping Others, Michael Nolen Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Although prosocial behavior has been moving in directions that highlight complexity over the past few years, little research has assessed the cost of this behavior. This study created a scale assessing the tendency to perceive costs of prosocial behavior. This was validated via focus groups, content and discriminant validity. In six focus groups, 29 13- to 25-year olds described specific prosocial acts and the costs that they experienced from the act. A questionnaire was then given to 391 emerging adults. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Results suggest a four-factor solution with adequate model fit, suggesting cognitive, behavioral, emotional, …

Killing The State: The Cultural Afterlife Of Edward Byrne, Justin Turner

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

The death of a police officer provides us a chance to understand our current histories. As something tragic, the bodies of officers killed in the line-of-duty gain national attention. On display at police funerals is the enormous power of the state, as thousands of officers escort the casket, while helicopters and SWAT, accompanies the body to its final resting place. Following the officer’s death is a nation’s grief. As bills are passed in their honor, and weeks are named for those lost, the nation responds to such acts with general anger and disbelief. The killing of a police officer, generally, …

What Can State Talk Tell Us About Punitiveness? A Comparison Of Responses To Political Mass Shootings In The United States And Norway, Kimberlee G. Waggoner

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

Highlighting the culturally contingent nature of state reactions to crime, the present work focuses on state talk issued by the U.S. and Norwegian governments in the aftermath of politically motivated mass shootings. The research is guided by the question: how does state talk—conditioned by economic, political, and cultural forces—facilitate or constrain punitive responses to political mass shootings? Here, the focus is on the January 8th 2011 shooting of U.S. representative Gabrielle Giffords and her constituents and the July 22nd 2011 bombing of a government building and shooting of a youth political camp in Norway. These two cases illustrate how state …

Making The Case For Place: An Exploration Of Urbanization Measures On A Model Of Social Capital And U.K. Crime Rates, Kyshawn K. Smith

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

Studies of social capital and crime have become quite popular in recent history, and a plethora of empirical tests have sought to clarify relationships between the two variables. However, most of these studies center on communities in the United States, and often overlook the many differentiating features between urban and rural communities that would affect such models. Reasons offered for such skew in the past and current research on this subject are middling at best, and largely cite either a lack of availability in data for crime and social capital in non-urban communities, or questionable accuracy for what data is …

Displaying Race At The Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition, Bryan Patrick Bennett

History Theses & Dissertations

World expositions of the nineteenth and early twentieth century often displayed the latest anthropological, ethnological, biological, and technological research on race and ethnicity, promoting the view that whites were superior to all other peoples. The Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition of 1907, held in Norfolk, Virginia to commemorate the three-hundred anniversary of the founding of the Jamestown settlement and its contribution to the building of the United States, offers an opportunity to examine American perspectives on whiteness, race, and society.

First, the Jamestown Exposition offered a glimpse into the historical memory of white America, especially the influential citizens that comprised the controlling …

Masculinity Matters: Perceptions Of One’S Own Gender Status And The Effects On Psychosocial Well Being Among Gay Men, Dane Robert Whicker

Dissertations (1934 -)

Gay men have a unique relationship with masculinity. The manner in which gay men view their gender in a heterosexist context (i.e., Perceptions of One’s Own Gender Status, “POOGS”) may explain individual differences found in psychological health among both feminine and masculine gay men. In this study, four factors that make up POOGS are 1) connection to the gay community, 2) perceived negative attitudes toward effeminacy, 3) exposure to heterosexist discrimination, and 4) one’s own masculinity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hypotheses that 1) POOGS will predict symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life, …

What Are Factors Of An Effective Parent And Family Involvement Program Within High School?, Nicole Walsh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

According to the literature, parents or guardians of high school students will participate within the high school—though their participation is dependent on many factors. Parents with a higher social capital tend to be the most involved, while parents with lower social capital tend to be less involved. In other words, generally parents or guardians with high social capital would be much more likely to be involved in their child’s school, whereas parents with low social capital would not be involved in their child’s school at all (Goodwin, Rothon, Stansfeld, 2012). In this study, the researcher formulated and analyzed the following …

Gangs, Clubs, And Alcohol: The Effect Of Organizational Membership On Adolescent Drinking Behavior, Chan S. Suh, Matthew E. Brashears, Michael Genkin

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

How does adolescent organizational membership in general, and simultaneous membership in distinct types of organizations in particular, impact drinking behavior? While past studies have focused either on the learning effect of involvement with gangs or on the constraining influence of conventional organizations on adolescent problem behavior, we explore the possibility that conventional school clubs can serve as socializing opportunities for existing gang members to engage in drinking behavior with non-gang club members. Using the Add Health data, we show that gang members drink more often, and engage in more binge drinking, than non-members. More importantly, individuals who are members of …

Pathologies Of Development Practice: Higher Order Obstacles To Governance Reform In The Pakistani Electrical Power Sector, Ijlal Naqvi

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Development actors are regularly aware of the shortcomings of governance interventions before, during, and after development assistance is introduced, yet those programmes continue and are even revisited. Why? This paper uses the Pakistani experience with power sector reforms to illustrate how the donor-led reform agenda had readily apparent shortcomings. A new wave of development thinking responds to such failures by drawing on complexity theory and moving toward more local, iterative and experimental approaches. However, by highlighting how the awareness of problems with reforms isn't sufficient to avoid them, this paper points to a higher order of obstacles which remain unaddressed.

Predicting Academic Performance: A Commitment Perspective, Frank E. Gomez Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Shifts from scientific and theoretical exploration to occupational preparation within academic scholarship has led researchers to focus on performance variables, such as grade point average (GPA), to better understand how to promote academic success. For example, researchers have examined variables to determine their influence on GPA. The purpose of this study was to identify if commitment variables in conjunction with executive functioning significantly predicted cumulative GPA in a college setting beyond previously established predictors. Results indicated that high school GPA (b = .44) was the only significant predictor of cumulative GPA. When high school GPA was eliminated from …

United States Interventions: Power Vacuums And The Rise Of Extremist Groups, Sarah Nicole Pedigo

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to examine U.S. foreign policy in Iraq and Syria and the rise of violent extremist groups such as ISIS. By utilizing the integrated theory of violations of international criminal laws and the realpolitik theoretical frame, this qualitative case study analysis will explore how the U.S. foreign policy, driven by realpolitik and neo-liberalism in Iraq and Syria, resulted in the rise of violent extremist groups such as ISIS. It was concluded that if the United States were to remove the Assad regime and dismantle the Alawite ruling class as it did with the Hussein regime …

Education And Post-Release Employment: An Exploratory Study Of Offender Perceptions, Frank R. Wood Jr.

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

Employment is an essential component of the reintegration process for returning offenders. As one of the eight criminogenic needs, improving employment opportunities for returning offenders increases the ability of returning offenders to reintegrate back into the community, as well as decreases the potential threat of recidivism. However, further research is needed to examine how an offenders’ prospectus from educational experiences influences their perceptions of finding legal employment after release. The current study contributes to current literature by explaining why employment is a barrier to offender reentry, specifically, how educational factors influence an offender’s belief that he or she will find …

Bakken Bombs: A Criminological Inquiry Into The Lynchburg Train Derailment, Travis W. Milburn

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

In recent years, several significant train derailments involving the transportation of crude oil have dotted the North American landscape. Each resulted in environmental and social harm to some degree which was extensive in many instances. Oil train derailments have occurred in places such as Lac-Mégantic, Canada (July 2013), Casselton, North Dakota (December 2013 and November 2014), and Mount Carbon, West Virginia (February 2015). Following derailments, communities have faced substantial environmental damage, human death and injury, and overall disruption from the explosions and subsequent oil spills that characterize these events. This project specifically examined the April 30, 2014 derailment in Lynchburg, …

In Search Of Popularity: Non-Conforming Reputations Of Hispanic Adolescent Graffiti Writers, Igor Ryabov

Sociology Faculty Publications

Although the literature on graffiti writers continues to expand, there is a paucity of studies on Hispanic adolescent writers in the U.S., especially with a focus on assimilation. Using the qualitative analyses of in-depth interviews with Hispanic adolescent writers, this study attempts to fill in the gaps in our understanding of whether and how ethnologies of writers differ with respect to their family-, school-, and peer-related experiences. A key feature of the study is comparison of two crews (groups) of Hispanic adolescent writers who differ with respect to their immigrant generational status. Above all, this paper seeks an understanding of …

Pregnancy And Intimate Partner Violence In Canada: A Comparison Of Victims Who Were And Were Not Abused During Pregnancy, Tamara L. Taillieu, Douglas A. Brownridge, Kimberly A. Tyler, Ko Ling Chan, Agnes Tiwari, Susy C. Santos

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors, indicators of severity, and differences in post-violence health effects for victims who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy compared to victims who experienced IPV outside the pregnancy period. Data were from Statistics Canada’s 2009 General Social Survey. Among IPV victims, 10.5% experienced physical and/or sexual violence during pregnancy. Victims who had experienced violence during pregnancy were more likely than victims who were not abused during pregnancy to experience both less severe and more severe forms of violence. In fully adjusted models, younger age, separated or divorced marital status, as …

Three Studies Examining The Mechanisms Linking Stress Exposure To Delinquency And Substance Use Among North American Indigenous Adolescents, Dane Steven Hautala

Department of Sociology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Objective: The purpose of this dissertation research was to examine in three separate studies the mechanisms linking a variety of stressors to delinquency/substance use among North American Indigenous (i.e., American Indian and Canadian First Nations) youth.

Method: Data for the three empirical chapters come from an eight-wave longitudinal study of 676 Indigenous youth and their caretakers from three U.S. reservations and four Canadian First Nations reserves.

Study 1 Results: The objective was to examine the intergenerational transmission of problem behavior from female caretakers to their children via caretaker stress exposure, psychosocial functioning, and parenting practices. Early caretaker …

The Effect Of Generation On Retention Of Women Engineers In Aerospace And Industry, Kristine Maria Kiernan

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The purpose of this dissertation was to determine the nature and extent of differences between generational cohorts regarding the effect of family factors on retention of women in engineering, with an emphasis on women in the aerospace industry. While 6% of the aerospace workforce is made up of aeronautical engineers, an additional 11.2% of the aerospace workforce is drawn from other engineering disciplines. Therefore, the analysis included all engineering sub-disciplines. In order to include women who had left the workforce, women in all industries were used as a proxy for women in aerospace.

Exits to other fields were modeled separately …

The Cradle Of Democracy And The Longue Durée Of A Crisis: Some Thoughts From The Perspective Of Historical Sociology, Despina Lalaki

Publications and Research

The relationship between Modern Greece and the West has always been a complex and tortuous one. Greece as “the cradle of democracy” – a construct at the intersection of western modernity’s political imaginary and Greek national identity – a terribly familiar and powerful cliché which to a great extent, still today, informs our imagination and politics has been at the heart of this relationship. It is rather a truism to suggest that democracy lies at the political core of the civilization that the West insists offering to the rest of the world, yet we tend to forget that this is …

Visualizing Spaces Of Childhood, Heather Kaplan

Occasional Paper Series

Explores the connections between our images of the child and our understandings of children’s spaces to posit childhood itself as a construction of both image and space.

The Existential Territories Of Global Childhoods: Resingularizing Subjectivity Through Ecologies, Laura Trafí-Prats

Occasional Paper Series

Draws upon photography to discuss the construction of childhood within the ecological spaces of globalization.

Eliminating Zero Tolerance Policies In Schools: Miami-Dade County Public School's Approach, Jeremy Thompson

Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Mtor: Alzheimer's Disease Prevention For Apoe4 Carriers, Ai-Ling Lin, D. Allan Butterfield, Arlan Richardson

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Problematika Pengembangan Pariwisata Daerahdi Murung Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Merrisa Octora

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

Indonesia is well known for its diversity which scattered from east to west. The diversity itself can be considered as the intangible aspects which relates directly with the aspect of tourism. Tourism provides profitable sectors in many countries because tourism has three major functions. First, to support economic aspect by developed local society. Second, to maintain culture and heritage. Third, to preserve the environment, those three aspects will support the strength of the nation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the reason why the tourism aspect cannot be established by following Indonesian tourism strategic planning. This research is …

Local Communities In Tourism Development Of Rural Area,A Case Study Of Two Local Tourism Initiatives In Wanayasa,Purwakarta, Jajang Gunawijay Gunawijaya, Annisa Pratiwi, Irfan Nugraha

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

This paper describes the challenges in the rural tourism development based on local participation. The rural tourism based on local participation has been identified as ideal model that will uplifting local economy without had significant impacted to their “nature” way of life. However, based on the research on two local groups who are managing the tourism in Wanayasa, we found out that there are challenges in developing the tourism based on local participation. Despite of each groups have differences characteristic in tourism management practice, there are some similarity challenges. Each of groups has facing the external and internal challenges. It …

Upaya Peningkatan Wisata Di Jakarta Melalui Museum: Strategipengembangan Museum Nasional Indonesia, Unira Daranca

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

Museum as a center of cultural information could be an interesting place to visit. In fact, the museum is often looked as frightening space or even dull for society. The layouting of museum itself and less attraction perceived to be one of the reasons why people seldom visited museums. To make the museum into a pleasant place and visited by many tourists, it would require some strategies. The strategy itself certainly can be used as a tourist attraction to come to visit the museum. Various strategies undertaken by the museum, often manifested by convening various interesting activities program. These programs …

Strategic Management For Rural Tourism Development Inwanayasa, Puwakarta, West Java, Indonesia, Jajang Gunawijaya, Poeti Nazura Gulfira Akbar, Sofyan Ansori

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

This paper reveals a strategic management case of rural tourism development based on tourism plan in Wanayasa, Purwakarta, Jawa Barat. Research was conducted in August 2015 with qualitative approaches i.e. interview and focus group discussion. In addition, some of data also produced from secondary sources such as government regulation and official website. Findings show that the only strength Wanayasa possessed is their ability in capturing projections of external factors, including identification of potential investors for their tourism. Apart from that quality, it is obvious that their rural tourism development is lack of clear vision & mission, indefinite internal analysis, and …

Festivalization Of Music Patrol Bandulanand The Quest Of Arek Bandulan Cultural Identity, Annise Sri Maftuchin

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

Futurologist Naisbitt (1988) Said about paradox of globalization process for local tradition culture, where tradition is exposed by the strength of global capitalism and modern life style. It does not always make the tradition to be crushed, but it becomes one kind, and even disappear. However, the tradition will try to find their place and the identity back. In this article, the discussion will be focused on how Arek Bandulan answer the global challenges through festivalization (Bennett, et al., 2014 ) the art of the musical tradition of their patrol. Festivalising art patrol is hold by Karangtaruna Wira Bhakti Bandulan …

An Overview Of Increasing Incidents Of Bottlenose Dolphin Harassment In The Gulf Of Mexico And Possible Solutions, Courtney S. Vail

Human-Animal Interactions Collection

The panhandle region of the Gulf of Mexico is known by scientists, regulatory agencies and conservation organizations as a “hotbed” area of dolphin harassment. Interactions between humans and wild dolphins routinely occur through close vessel approaches or through direct contact associated with commercial or recreational fisheries, swimwith, or feeding activities. Such interactions are of serious concern for wild dolphin welfare and conservation under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act, as well as for human safety. In recent years, an alarming number of dolphins in this region have been fatally wounded by gunshot, hunting arrows, or sharp tools (i.e., screwdriver). The …

Lingnan Students Address Food Wastage With Hands-On Action, Office Of Service-Learning, Lingnan University

OSL Supplement 新聞特刊

原載於2016年6月28日《The Standard》。(只有英文)

Originally published in "The Standard" 28th June 2016. (English only)