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2015

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Articles 2551 - 2580 of 3323

Full-Text Articles in Sociology

Annotated Bibliography Of Peer-Reviewed Literature Related To The Sexual And Reproductive Health Of Young People In Nigeria (2000-2014), Population Council Jan 2015

Annotated Bibliography Of Peer-Reviewed Literature Related To The Sexual And Reproductive Health Of Young People In Nigeria (2000-2014), Population Council

HIV and AIDS

The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development’s Programme of Action identified eight components (safe motherhood, gender equity, family planning information and services, prevention and treatment of infertility and sexual dysfunction in both men and women, prevention and management of the complications of abortion, prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections including HIV, elimination of harmful customary practices, and screening for reproductive tract cancers—prostate, breast, and cervix) of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) for all persons including young people aged 10–24. This annotated bibliography is organized with the eight components as its guiding framework with several …

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"The Classical School, Deterrence Theory, And Zero Tolerance" An Analysis Of A Mandatory Zero Tolerance Sanctioning Policy In Relation To The Classical School Of Criminology And Deterrence Theory, Adam Saeler Jan 2015

"The Classical School, Deterrence Theory, And Zero Tolerance" An Analysis Of A Mandatory Zero Tolerance Sanctioning Policy In Relation To The Classical School Of Criminology And Deterrence Theory, Adam Saeler

School of Criminal Justice Theses and Dissertations

Mandatory sentences, and especially those that promote severe detention lengths, have become a popular mechanism in the fight against crime, but are they effective? Certain Sanctions, an adult probation-based sanctioning mandate, is an example of one such mandatory policy that emphasizes harsh sanctions in order to promote reduced future criminality. The philosophy behind such a device fits well into the theoretical framework of deterrence theory in that quick, severe sanctions ought to reduce future criminality. However, little research exists regarding the effectiveness of such a mandatory probation-based sanction policy with regards to the reduction of future criminality. Furthermore, the impact …

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A Study Of The Effects Of Usability On Risk Perception And User Affinity Of Risk Finder, Erin Jacobson Jan 2015

A Study Of The Effects Of Usability On Risk Perception And User Affinity Of Risk Finder, Erin Jacobson

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

In October 2013, Climate Central, a non-profit research organization, released Risk Finder, an online, interactive mapping tool that allows users to explore the effects of rising sea level in a specific geographic region. A research study for client Dan Rizza of Climate Central was conducted on the usability of the Risk Finder tool in an effort to identify potential system errors, improve user experience, and assess the future use of this tool based on user perception. Primary investigators Dr. Daniel Richards and Mrs. Megan McKittrick utilized an approach known as “productive usability,” which allows researchers to openly observe participants …

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Discrimination Of Mild Cognitive Impairment And Alzheimer's Disease Using Transfer Entropy Measures Of Scalp Eeg, Joseph Mcbride, Xiaopeng Zhao, Nancy Munro, Gregory Jicha, Charles Smith, Yang Jiang Jan 2015

Discrimination Of Mild Cognitive Impairment And Alzheimer's Disease Using Transfer Entropy Measures Of Scalp Eeg, Joseph Mcbride, Xiaopeng Zhao, Nancy Munro, Gregory Jicha, Charles Smith, Yang Jiang

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurological condition related to early stages of dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigates the potential of measures of transfer entropy in scalp EEG for effectively discriminating between normal aging, MCI, and AD participants. Resting EEG records from 48 age-matched participants (mean age 75.7 years)-15 normal controls, 16 MCI, and 17 early AD-are examined. The mean temporal delays corresponding to peaks in inter-regional transfer entropy are computed and used as features to discriminate between the three groups of participants. Three-way classification schemes based on binary support vector machine models demonstrate overall discrimination accuracies …

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Can I Get An Amen? Central Florida Black Pastors' Perceptions Of The Impact Of The Black Church In The Black Community, Jeffrey Williamson Jan 2015

Can I Get An Amen? Central Florida Black Pastors' Perceptions Of The Impact Of The Black Church In The Black Community, Jeffrey Williamson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study uses phenomenological methods to answer the research question, “what do black pastors perceive as the role of the church in the black community?” I asked 20 Central Florida black pastors 17 questions, most of them open-ended, to determine their perceptions of the current black church. First, these pastors are dismayed at the condition and the position of the current black church. They view the history the black church as strong and stalwart, and the Civil Rights Movement as an example of what the institution is capable of doing and being. Second, they perceive the primary roadblock of the …

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Surveillance, Knowledge And Inequality: Understanding Power Through Foucault And Beyond., Simon Purdy Jan 2015

Surveillance, Knowledge And Inequality: Understanding Power Through Foucault And Beyond., Simon Purdy

The Hilltop Review

Understanding a concept as complex as power, in the social sciences, can often be a daunting task. In order to fully comprehend power, it is therefore necessary to examine it through the lens of other issues and theoretical devices. In this paper, power is approached through an examination of surveillance and associated technologies. Utilizing the theoretical work of Michel Foucault, and stepping beyond this basic groundwork, we explore the contentions surrounding the study of power within sociology, the ways in which surveillance constitutes and even threatens structures of power. The paper concludes with an analysis of inequality, welfare and the …

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An Unfinished Journey: The Evolution Of Crime Measurement In The United States, Daniel J. Patten Jan 2015

An Unfinished Journey: The Evolution Of Crime Measurement In The United States, Daniel J. Patten

The Hilltop Review

This article traces the history of crime measurement in the United States beginning with the U.S. census in 1790 while exploring several key pieces of history that influenced how crime is measured today. After discussing the origins of the U.S. census and its contributions to measuring crime, the Chicago School of Sociology is observed for its monumental influence on early criminology in America. Next, the division of sociology and criminal justice into two distinct fields had major implications for measuring crime. How crime is measured is often attributed to the ideological differences between these academic fields. Then, the three primary …

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Ba Design Visual Communication Re-Branding Project With Men's Health Forum Ireland, Technological University Dublin Jan 2015

Ba Design Visual Communication Re-Branding Project With Men's Health Forum Ireland, Technological University Dublin

Students Learning with Communities

No abstract provided.

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Where We Have Been And Where We Can Go From Here: Looking To The Future In Research On Media, Race And Ethnicity, Riva Tukachinsky Jan 2015

Where We Have Been And Where We Can Go From Here: Looking To The Future In Research On Media, Race And Ethnicity, Riva Tukachinsky

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

This special issue illuminates the ways in which media portrayals and practices, together, create barriers to inclusion for diverse groups and normalize existing patterns of relegation on and off the screen. Media representations of race and ethnicity have critical consequences for intergroup relationships and for marginalized group members’ self-concept. A synthesis of the research included in this volume demonstrates the significance of these questions across media outlets, their relevancy despite the rise of new technologies, and their application to social contexts outside the U.S.. Finally, this concluding article suggests directions for future research and offers implications for policies that can …

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When Actors Don’T Walk The Talk: Parasocial Relationships Moderate The Effect Of Actor-Character Incongruence, Riva Tukachinsky Jan 2015

When Actors Don’T Walk The Talk: Parasocial Relationships Moderate The Effect Of Actor-Character Incongruence, Riva Tukachinsky

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

The study examines the effect of a narrative that featured an actor playing a counterattitudinal role. Participants read an online magazine interview with a popular comedian and then watched a sitcom in which this actor played a role that was either consistent or inconsistent with his personal views. Parasocial relationships with the actor moderated the effect of actor-character incongruence. Specifically, incongruence was associated with lower support for narrative-related attitudes, but only among viewers with weak parasocial relationships. These results provide evidence of the existence of vicarious cognitive dissonance, wherein witnessing another person’s hypocritical behavior produces attitude change in the observer.

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A Grounded Theory Of Women's Leadership Experiences In Higher Education: Navigating From The Director Level, Laura Ann Maki Jan 2015

A Grounded Theory Of Women's Leadership Experiences In Higher Education: Navigating From The Director Level, Laura Ann Maki

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

In higher education leadership, the proportion of women in senior-level positions has grown very modestly. This stagnation is present in representation in leadership as well as in wage equality. Although institutions and organizations have policies and practices aimed at improving diversity and equity, ongoing underrepresentation indicates that barriers, lack of interest, or other unidentified factors influence women's opportunities for achieving senior-level leadership positions. To help address the ongoing underrepresentation of women in senior-level leadership in higher education, I have focused this dissertation on women's experiences in mid-level leadership positions. In this study, I use grounded theory to examine women's leadership …

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How Women Of Color Are Portrayed On The Cover Of Magazines: A Content Analysis On The Images Of Black/African, Latina, Asian And Native American (Balana), Connie Johnson Jan 2015

How Women Of Color Are Portrayed On The Cover Of Magazines: A Content Analysis On The Images Of Black/African, Latina, Asian And Native American (Balana), Connie Johnson

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Historically, women of color with little knowledge can blindly imitate the images of themselves as portrayed in mass media, which can be harmful to their self-esteem, contradictions of self-identification, and daily interactions with majority people. Media literacy is important in understanding how images of minority women are distorted to fit the dominant group's ideals and cultural relevance, which affect the identity of minority women. The researcher through the use of BALANA and content analysis examined some attributes of how women of color (WOC) are portrayed on the cover of eight selected magazines, for example, 1) Good Housekeeping, 2) Cosmopolitan, 3) …

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The Idols Of Modernity: The Humanity Of Science And The Science Of Humanity, Lukas Szrot Jan 2015

The Idols Of Modernity: The Humanity Of Science And The Science Of Humanity, Lukas Szrot

Sociology & Anthropology Theses - Archive

The Idols of Modernity draws upon the work of early thinkers in the sociology of knowledge such as Karl Mannheim in an effort to delineate the history of--and unmask the ideology behind--many of the formative aspects of scientific knowledge that enjoy both a central and potentially controversial role in the twenty-first century. In touching upon the role of imagination and speculation in the `hardest' sciences, normative disputes between biological and social sciences, and the intellectual history of modern science, I attempt to reveal the humanity of science. In examining the democratization of the written word, the profound consequences of language …

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Addressing The Grocery Gap: An Ethnographic Study Of Food Access In Three Tarrant County Neighborhoods, Sharnese Thompson Jan 2015

Addressing The Grocery Gap: An Ethnographic Study Of Food Access In Three Tarrant County Neighborhoods, Sharnese Thompson

Sociology & Anthropology Theses - Archive

This study examines the impact of food insecurity in three neighborhoods in Fort Worth, Texas. The neighborhoods in this study include, Southside, Stop Six, and Como. Food Deserts can be defined as poor urban areas that have little to no access to affordable and healthy food. My methodology in conducting this research was participant observation. Through notes, field observation, and informal interviews I was able to conclude the affects lack of affordable and healthy food had on these three areas. Additionally, I was able to determine if current methods to mitigate food deserts were effective.

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Experiences With Pregnancy Among Female Sex Workers In Ethiopia: A Link Up Exploratory Study, Population Council, Miz-Hasab Research Center, Organization For Social Services For Aids Jan 2015

Experiences With Pregnancy Among Female Sex Workers In Ethiopia: A Link Up Exploratory Study, Population Council, Miz-Hasab Research Center, Organization For Social Services For Aids

HIV and AIDS

In Ethiopia, it is illegal to operate a brothel or procure sex workers as a commercial activity, but the sale of sex by women is not prohibited by law. Research suggests that the number of Ethiopian female sex workers is growing, with younger women and girls increasingly entering the sex trade. Public health programs and policies typically have emphasized HIV prevention in this vulnerable population. A 2014 study of 3,882 Ethiopian female sex workers found that HIV prevalence in the 10 study sites ranged from 15–33 percent, compared to national prevalence of 1.9 percent among women. Furthermore, since most female …

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Applying Intercultural/International Education Towards Creating Sustainable Peace In Sub-Saharan Africa, Bella Cheptoo Kimutai Jan 2015

Applying Intercultural/International Education Towards Creating Sustainable Peace In Sub-Saharan Africa, Bella Cheptoo Kimutai

MA IDS Thesis Projects

The aim of this thesis is to assess the benefits and progress that intercultural education would create towards peace building and reconciliation if applied in school curriculums in sub-Saharan Africa. With the support of published literature and in-depth research in three countries, this research will argue for interculturalism, through international and intercultural education, as a strategy for peaceful coexistence both in stable and unstable situations. The country case studies in this partic-ular culminating project will be Kenya, Rwanda, and Nigeria. Particular emphasis and stress will be placed on the importance of intercultural education in schools and how it will help …

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Start With Us! Culturally Relevant Pedagogy In The Preschool Classroom, Tonia Renee Durden, Elsita Escalante, Kimberly Blitch Jan 2015

Start With Us! Culturally Relevant Pedagogy In The Preschool Classroom, Tonia Renee Durden, Elsita Escalante, Kimberly Blitch

Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications

Using an ethnographic case study approach, we examined how teachers and parents within an eth-nically diverse early childhood program conceptualized and implemented culturally relevant peda-gogy and how these primary caregivers were encouraging children’s sociocultural development and awareness. Data sources included questionnaires, interview transcripts, and observational field notes (classroom and community). Findings suggest there were multiple strategies and resources teachers used to facilitate the sociocultural growth of young children indicative of culturally relevant practices. However, we discovered there were mediating factors that impacted how and whether teachers were able to implement culturally relevant pedagogy in the early childhood classroom.

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Mexican-American Adolescents’ Gender-Typed Characteristics: The Role Of Sibling And Friend Characteristics, Norma J. Perez-Brena, Lorey A. Wheeler, Kimberly A. Updegraff, David R. Shaefer Jan 2015

Mexican-American Adolescents’ Gender-Typed Characteristics: The Role Of Sibling And Friend Characteristics, Norma J. Perez-Brena, Lorey A. Wheeler, Kimberly A. Updegraff, David R. Shaefer

Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications

This study examined the role of sibling and friend characteristics in Mexican-American youth’s gender-typed characteristics (i.e., attitudes, interests, and leisure activities) in early versus middle adolescence using a sibling design. Mexican-American 7th graders (M = 12.51 years; SD = .58) and their older siblings (M = 15.48 years; SD = 1.57) from 246 families participated in home interviews and a series of seven nightly phone calls. Results revealed that younger/early adolescent siblings reported more traditional gender role attitudes than their older/middle adolescent siblings and older brothers were more traditional in their attitudes than older sisters. When comparing siblings’ …

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Fp-15-12 Generation X And Millennials: Attitudes Toward Marriage & Divorce, Kasey J. Eickmeyer Jan 2015

Fp-15-12 Generation X And Millennials: Attitudes Toward Marriage & Divorce, Kasey J. Eickmeyer

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Fp-15-08 The Remarriage Rate: Geographic Variation, 2013, Krista K. Payne Jan 2015

Fp-15-08 The Remarriage Rate: Geographic Variation, 2013, Krista K. Payne

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Fp-15-14 Assortative Mating: Age Heterogamy In U.S. Marriages, 1964-2014, Esther Lamidi, Susan L. Brown, Wendy D. Manning Jan 2015

Fp-15-14 Assortative Mating: Age Heterogamy In U.S. Marriages, 1964-2014, Esther Lamidi, Susan L. Brown, Wendy D. Manning

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Fp-15-13 Generation X And Millennials: Attitudes About Having & Raising Children In Cohabiting Unions, Bart Stykes Jan 2015

Fp-15-13 Generation X And Millennials: Attitudes About Having & Raising Children In Cohabiting Unions, Bart Stykes

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Fp-15-16 Assortative Mating: Racial Homogamy In U.S. Marriages, 1964-2014, Esther Lamidi, Susan L. Brown, Wendy D. Manning Jan 2015

Fp-15-16 Assortative Mating: Racial Homogamy In U.S. Marriages, 1964-2014, Esther Lamidi, Susan L. Brown, Wendy D. Manning

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Fp-15-18 Divorce Rate In The U.S.: Geographic Variation, 2014, Kasey J. Eickmeyer Jan 2015

Fp-15-18 Divorce Rate In The U.S.: Geographic Variation, 2014, Kasey J. Eickmeyer

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Fp-15-19 Marriage-To-Divorce Ratio In The U.S.: Geographic Variation, 2014, Kasey J. Eickmeyer Jan 2015

Fp-15-19 Marriage-To-Divorce Ratio In The U.S.: Geographic Variation, 2014, Kasey J. Eickmeyer

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Fp-15-20 Marriage Rate In The U.S.: Geographic Variation, 2014, Huijing Wu Jan 2015

Fp-15-20 Marriage Rate In The U.S.: Geographic Variation, 2014, Huijing Wu

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Fp-15-01 Twenty-Five Years Of Change In Cohabitation In The U.S., 1987-2013, Wendy D. Manning, Bart Stykes Jan 2015

Fp-15-01 Twenty-Five Years Of Change In Cohabitation In The U.S., 1987-2013, Wendy D. Manning, Bart Stykes

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Fp-15-03 Trends In Births To Single And Cohabiting Mothers, 1980-2013, Wendy D. Manning, Susan L. Brown, Bart Stykes Jan 2015

Fp-15-03 Trends In Births To Single And Cohabiting Mothers, 1980-2013, Wendy D. Manning, Susan L. Brown, Bart Stykes

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

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Entrepreneurship And Inclusive Growth In South Africa, Zimbabwe And Mozambique (Migration Policy Series No. 68), Jonathan Crush, Caroline Skinner, Abel Chikanda Jan 2015

Entrepreneurship And Inclusive Growth In South Africa, Zimbabwe And Mozambique (Migration Policy Series No. 68), Jonathan Crush, Caroline Skinner, Abel Chikanda

International Migration Research Centre

While increasing attention is being paid to the drivers and forms of entrepreneurship in informal economies, much less of this policy and research focus is directed at understanding the links between mobility and informality. This report examines the current state of knowledge about this relationship with particular reference to three countries (Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe) and four cities (Cape Town, Harare, Johannesburg and Maputo), identifying major themes, knowledge gaps, research questions and policy implications. In many African cities, informal enterprises are operated by internal and international migrants. The extent and nature of mobile entrepreneurship and the opportunities and challenges …

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How Do Personal Connections Play A Role In Risk Perception Of Climate Change And Sea Level Rise?, Katelyn Sheeley Jan 2015

How Do Personal Connections Play A Role In Risk Perception Of Climate Change And Sea Level Rise?, Katelyn Sheeley

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

The threat of sea level rise is unknown to many coastal residents living in the United States, including Virginians. Climate Central, a nonprofit research-based organization, has created the Risk Finder tool to help inform the public about the potential dangers posed by sea level rise. Risk Finder is an interactive, online mapping tool intended to inform residents of useful data concerning sea level rise. Dr. Daniel Richards and Mrs. Megan Mckittrick from Old Dominion University acted as primary investigators for a study of the Risk Finder tool, serving client Dan Rizza of Climate Central. Students of ENGL 231C served as …

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