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2001

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Articles 511 - 540 of 747

Full-Text Articles in Sociology

Medicine And Health Care In Later Medieval Europe: Hospitals, Public Health,, And Minority Medical Practitioners In English And German Cities, 1250-1450, Anna Terry Jan 2001

Medicine And Health Care In Later Medieval Europe: Hospitals, Public Health,, And Minority Medical Practitioners In English And German Cities, 1250-1450, Anna Terry

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Hospitals and individual caregivers helped meet the physical and psychological needs of medieval people, just as they do today. My overall objective is to explain social and individual responses to disease within the context of Christian theology and the urban community, focusing on England and Germany in the period between 1250 and 1450. First I investigate social responses to disease, including hospitals and public health ordinances. Christianity mandated the care of the afflicted, yet physical and mental illness was associated with sin and divine punishment. Urban authorities often attempted to deal with plague outbreaks by imposing quarantines and strict regulations …

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Promoting Service Learning Via Online Instruction, Greg Bennett, Frederik P. Green Jan 2001

Promoting Service Learning Via Online Instruction, Greg Bennett, Frederik P. Green

Higher Education

Service learning and online instruction are both important and much debated topics in higher education. Many professors and colleges are attempting to use service learning and online instruction as effective learning tools for their student clientele. Both topics are being written about exclusively in professional journals, as educators grapple with how lo implement these two effective means of learning into class content. The purpose of this manuscript is to discuss service learning and online instruction in a symbiotic educational relationship. The authors discuss the efficacy and benefits of service learning and online instruction, and request ways to incorporate these techniques …

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The Bridging Role Of The Community Service Director On The Engaged Campus, Joann Campbell Jan 2001

The Bridging Role Of The Community Service Director On The Engaged Campus, Joann Campbell

Higher Education

Declines in civic participation, low voting rates among 18-25 year olds, dwindling federal support for social services, and deficit state budgets have created a climate in which higher education must make a case for the value it adds to society through applications of research and teaching. National and state organizations (such as Campus Compact and state Compacts) dedicated to supporting a culture of service in higher education articulate the university's role as a collective citizen, whose priorities include linking scholarship to community-based needs, using the resources of the college faculty for professional local service, and utilizing federal work study, America …

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Ethnicity And The Jury System, Ashton Wesley Welch Jan 2001

Ethnicity And The Jury System, Ashton Wesley Welch

Ethnic Studies Review

Discrimination in the jury system has been a matter of constitutional and ethical concern at least since the mid-nineteenth century. Ethnic and linguistic minorities have been disadvantaged by the use of the peremptory challenge, statutory requirements, and administrative practices which compromised the Sixth Amendment provision for a jury of one's peers with its implication for juror impartiality. Attacks on the discriminatory applications of those systems and practices resulted in reduction, as gradual as it was, of the exclusionary practices. Batson vs Kentucky made the Sixth Amendment guarantee more reachable for ethnic and linguistic minorities.

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[Review Of] Out National Amnesia About Race: A Review Essay Of David Blight's Race And Reunion: The Civil War In American Memory, Jennifer Jensen Jan 2001

[Review Of] Out National Amnesia About Race: A Review Essay Of David Blight's Race And Reunion: The Civil War In American Memory, Jennifer Jensen

Ethnic Studies Review

In Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, David Blight is not concerned with "developing [a] professional historiography of Civil War" but rather with documenting the ways that "contending memories [of the war] clashed or intermingled in public memory."^1 Blight and others working in the interdisciplinary field of "historical memory" have broadened the scope of historical writing in their insistence that uncovering "what really happened" in the past is but one piece of the historical puzzle. Another important piece is the recovery of how historical agents conceptualized and remembered their pasts and in turn how these memories impact …

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Table Of Contents Jan 2001

Table Of Contents

Ethnic Studies Review

Table of Contents for Ethnic Studies Review, Vol. 24, No. 1,2&3, April 2001.

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Editor's Note, Otis Scott Jan 2001

Editor's Note, Otis Scott

Ethnic Studies Review

The articles in this volume represent the interpretative and analytical traditions in ethnic studies scholarship. The first three contributions draw attention to how the tools of literary analysis and inquiry add new perspectives to our understanding of the social realities framing the lives of people of color. The remaining articles using both quantitative and qualitative research methods similarly inform the complex life experiences of people of color. In common these seemingly disparate sets of articles provide sharp and in a couple of instances challenging commentaries on life and living on the margin and the wider social spaces that are circumscribed …

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Ethnic Studies Review Jan 2001

Ethnic Studies Review

Ethnic Studies Review

No abstract provided.

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Contributors Jan 2001

Contributors

Ethnic Studies Review

Contributors to Ethnic Studies Review, Vol. 24, No. 1,2&3, April 2001.

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In Search Of Bernabé: Politicized Motherhood, Fatima Mujicinovic Jan 2001

In Search Of Bernabé: Politicized Motherhood, Fatima Mujicinovic

Ethnic Studies Review

Connecting its storyline to the historical context of the civil war in El Salvador, this US Latina text dramatizes dehumanizing effects of political violence on individual and collective being. With an emphasis on the dialectical connection between the personal and the social, the novel focuses on individual strategies of survival and resistance in conditions of authoritarianism in order to suggest new forms of political opposition and liberation. Its narrative reveals subversive and empowering aspects of the intimate, as the discourse of motherhood and religiosity reclaims its place in the public sphere and takes a direct stance against violence and oppression.

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Becoming American: The Hmong American Experience, Kou Yang Jan 2001

Becoming American: The Hmong American Experience, Kou Yang

Ethnic Studies Review

Hmong Americans, who came from a pre-literate society and rural background, went through many acculturation barriers and have had many successes between the time they first arrived in 1975 and the year 2000. Their first decade was preoccupied with their struggle to overcome cultural shock and acculturation difficulties. The second decade is their turning point to be new Americans, beginning to run for political office, establish business enterprises, achieve in education, and reduce their high rate of unemployment and welfare participation. Hmong Americans in 2000 appeared to have achieved much, yet have some serious challenges still ahead.

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Ethnic Identity, Risk, And Protective Factors Related To Substance Abuse Among Mexican American Students, Edward Codina, Zenong Yin, Jesse T. Zapata, David S. Katims Jan 2001

Ethnic Identity, Risk, And Protective Factors Related To Substance Abuse Among Mexican American Students, Edward Codina, Zenong Yin, Jesse T. Zapata, David S. Katims

Ethnic Studies Review

This study examines the relationship between ethnic identity, risk and protective factors for substance use and academic achievement. Risk factors include deviant behavior and susceptibility to peer influence, while the protective factor is self-reported "confidence" not to use substances. The sample consists of 2,370 Mexican American students enrolled in eighth, ninth, and tenth grades. Results of the analysis (MANOVA) revealed that females had more positive ethnic identity than males. Furthermore, males were significantly more susceptible to peer influence, reported higher levels of deviant behavior, used more substances and had lower grade point averages than females. There was no significant difference …

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From Chinatown To Gunga Din Highway: Notes On Frank Chin's Writing Strategy, Juan E. San Jr Jan 2001

From Chinatown To Gunga Din Highway: Notes On Frank Chin's Writing Strategy, Juan E. San Jr

Ethnic Studies Review

Exploring Frank Chin's work, particularly in his latest novel Gunga Din Highway, the essay endeavors to re-situate ethnic writing in the historical specificity of its inscription in the United States as a racial polity. This cognitive remapping of the literary field as reconfigured by multiculturalist liberalism may be accomplished by examining Chin's cultural politics. Chin's mode of strategic writing interrogates the modelminority myth and the premises of cultural nationalism. While it rejects the pluralist resolution of the traditional conflicts in the Chinese diaspora, Chin's satiric impulse proposes a defamiliarization of Asian American "common sense" adequate to provoke a revaluation of …

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Saliency Of Category Information In Person Perception For Ingroup And Outgroup Members, Cynthia Willis-Esqueda, Rosemary J. Esseks Jan 2001

Saliency Of Category Information In Person Perception For Ingroup And Outgroup Members, Cynthia Willis-Esqueda, Rosemary J. Esseks

Ethnic Studies Review

The saliency of category information in person perception for ingroup and outgroup members was investigated. European American participants were presented with a fictional character that varied in race (African American or European American) and occupational garb (military, judge, doctor, or athlete). Occupations were chosen to be either stereotypical or nonstereotypical for African Americans and European Americans with the aid of the Statistical Abstract of the United States (1992) percentages. Based on prior research findings (Park & Rothbart, 1982; Mackie & Worth, 1989), it was predicted European American participants would spontaneously describe an outgroup character by race (superordinate category information), but …

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Using African American Perspectives To Promote A More Inclusive Understanding Of Human Communication Theory, Jim Schnell Jan 2001

Using African American Perspectives To Promote A More Inclusive Understanding Of Human Communication Theory, Jim Schnell

Ethnic Studies Review

This article addresses the use of African American perspectives as a means of promoting a more inclusive understanding of human communication theory. It describes contributions by African American scholars as they relate to providing a framework for inclusion of other under represented cultures in U.S. society (i.e. Asian American, Latino American, etc.). This objective is becoming more and more relevant because of the increased percentage of U.S. citizens who are of non-European origin. Common sense supports the position that an inclusive curriculum, representative of the many cultural groups that compose the U.S., will appeal to the diverse audience educated in …

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[Review Of] Michael Eric Dyson. I May Not Get There With You: The True Martin Luther King Jr., Robert L. Perry Jan 2001

[Review Of] Michael Eric Dyson. I May Not Get There With You: The True Martin Luther King Jr., Robert L. Perry

Ethnic Studies Review

Michael Eric Dyson's approach to his biography of Dr. Martin Luther King entitled "I May Not Get There With You": The True martin Luther King Jr. is unlike the numerous other biographies of King in that the method he employs in recasting the life of Dr. King is described as "Bio-criticism."

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[Review Of] David Leiwei Li, Imagining The Nation: Asian American Literature And Cultural Consent, Phillipa Kafka Jan 2001

[Review Of] David Leiwei Li, Imagining The Nation: Asian American Literature And Cultural Consent, Phillipa Kafka

Ethnic Studies Review

Whenever "the nation" is "imagined," Americans of Asian ancestry are excluded by common "cultural consent" as alien/alienated "Others," as citizens of their ancestral nations. Due to recent immigration from many Asian nations, the globalization of economies, including the Pacific Rim, and especially the efforts of some Asian American writers, the situation has improved--somewhat. Still, if Asian-American writers stress the American in their representations, they are denying the Asian. If they stress the Asian, they have bought into American "cultural consent" its racist representations of Asian-Americans. Further, they themselves can't help but think within "the nation's" ongoing restrictive racist "cultural consent" …

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[Review Of] Linda Pertustati. In Defense Of Mohawk Land: Ethnopolitical Conflict In Native North America, Raymond Wilson Jan 2001

[Review Of] Linda Pertustati. In Defense Of Mohawk Land: Ethnopolitical Conflict In Native North America, Raymond Wilson

Ethnic Studies Review

On March 10, 1990, Mohawks at Kanehsatake, located in Quebec, Canada, staged an armed demonstration that lasted seventy-eight days to protest the expansion of the Oka Golf Club onto lands that the Mohawk claimed, which included their ancestral burial grounds. One Canadian officer was killed, and many on both sides were injured during the protest. The entire Mohawk-Oka conflict lasted 200 days (March 10-September 26) and finally ended when the Canadian federal government, on behalf of the Mohawks, purchased the contested land from the town of Oka. Linda Pertusati, Assistant Professor of Ethnic Studies at Bowling Green State University, offers …

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[Review Of] Aldon Lynn Nielsen, Ed. Reading Race In American Poetry: An Area Of Act, Dean Rader Jan 2001

[Review Of] Aldon Lynn Nielsen, Ed. Reading Race In American Poetry: An Area Of Act, Dean Rader

Ethnic Studies Review

For some time now it has been fashionable when reviewing any sort of anthology to focus critical lens on what the anthology leaves out. In both formal and informal reviews of literary anthologies and collections of essays what an editor does not include in his or her text often takes precedent over the relative virtues of the texts actually appearing in the anthology itself. In the most postmodern of moments, absence erases presence.

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Full Issue Jan 2001

Full Issue

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

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From Patna To Paris: Providing Safe And Humane Abortion, Carmen Barroso, Martha Brady, Batya Elul, Shelley Clark, Sneh Vishwanath, Sunanda Rabindranathan Jan 2001

From Patna To Paris: Providing Safe And Humane Abortion, Carmen Barroso, Martha Brady, Batya Elul, Shelley Clark, Sneh Vishwanath, Sunanda Rabindranathan

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

With access to safe, legal abortion under severe constraint or debate in many parts of the world, less attention has been paid to the issue of quality of abortion care. This issue of Quality/Calidad/Qualité explores two programs that operate in very different settings but with a shared commitment to providing high-quality abortion care in a context of broader reproductive health services: the Clinique d’Orthogénie of Broussais Hospital in France and Parivar Seva Sanstha in India. In both programs, each woman or girl who arrives for abortion receives crucial basic care, including: appropriate medical treatment to ensure complete abortion and safe …

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Kenia: Detectar La Sifilis Durante La Consulta Prenatal Resulta Costo-Efectivo, Frontiers In Reproductive Health Jan 2001

Kenia: Detectar La Sifilis Durante La Consulta Prenatal Resulta Costo-Efectivo, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha estipulado que la detección y tratamiento de sífilis para todas las mujeres embarazadas resulta eficaz en función de los costos si al menos el 0.1 por ciento de ellas están infectadas. Para atender el problema de la alta tasa de sífilis entre mujeres embarazadas (6.5–7.3%), el Concejo de la Ciudad de Nairobi (CCN) introdujo en 1989 la detección y tratamiento de sífilis materna en sus clínicas de atención prenatal. Sin embargo, su enfoque centralizado—que requiere llevar las muestras de sangre recolectadas a un laboratorio central para hacer la prueba—era ineficiente. Por lo tanto, …

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Influencing Reproductive Health Policy And Programs In The Philippines: Implementing An Advocacy Model For Utilization Of Operations Research, Saniata Masulit, Marilou P. Costello, Sahar Hegazi Jan 2001

Influencing Reproductive Health Policy And Programs In The Philippines: Implementing An Advocacy Model For Utilization Of Operations Research, Saniata Masulit, Marilou P. Costello, Sahar Hegazi

Reproductive Health

This project tested a model of operations research (OR) dissemination and utilization targeting program managers in Mindanao, the second largest island of the Philippines. The model combines capacity-building with the use of innovative advocacy approaches to disseminate OR results, by creating a network of policy champions who will advocate the use of OR findings through a variety of strategies after they have been provided with information on the advocacy issue and their presentation skills enhanced. The project demonstrated that this type of network could lead to significant program changes, but also revealed that there is no single strategy or approach …

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Indonesia: Train Journalists To Write About Reproductive Health, Frontiers In Reproductive Health Jan 2001

Indonesia: Train Journalists To Write About Reproductive Health, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

After government control over the media was liberalized in 1998, Indonesian journalists had a new mandate to explore new issues and foster public debate. Several studies had found evidence that women’s health worsened from 1997–99, yet media coverage of this topic was limited. To increase press coverage of reproductive health (RH) topics, the Population Council conducted an 18-month media project in collaboration with the State Ministry for Women’s Empowerment and other key agencies. The project focused on improving RH knowledge and reporting skills among 22 print journalists. Project staff monitored RH coverage in 22 major newspapers, magazines, and tabloids. After …

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El Poder En Las Relaciones Sexuales: Inicio De Un Diálogo Entre Profesionistas En Salud Reproductiva, Population Council, Interagency Gender Working Group (Igwg) Jan 2001

El Poder En Las Relaciones Sexuales: Inicio De Un Diálogo Entre Profesionistas En Salud Reproductiva, Population Council, Interagency Gender Working Group (Igwg)

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Las discusiones resumidas en este informe indican que las desigualdades de poder, basadas en el género, entorpecen la comunicación entre las parejas, limitan la habilidad de individuos y las parejas para hablar de sus metas en cuanto al espaciamiento de los hijos y al tamaño de la familia o de lograrlas. Asimismo, limitan el uso efectivo de los servicios de salud reproductiva, socavan el logro de salud y placer sexuales de hombres y mujeres, e incrementan significativamente su vulnerabilidad al VIH/SIDA y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual. Este informe resume los trabajos realizados durante una reunión, co-patrocinada por el Consejo …

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Household Size And Composition In The Developing World, John Bongaarts Jan 2001

Household Size And Composition In The Developing World, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This study uses data from recent household surveys in 43 developing countries to describe the main dimensions of household size and composition in the developing world. Average household size varies only modestly among regions, ranging from 5.6 in the Near East/North Africa to 4.8 in Latin America. These averages are similar to levels observed in the second half of the nineteenth century in Europe and North America. About four out of five members of the household are part of the nuclear family of the head of the household. Household size is found to be positively associated with the level of …

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Household Size And Composition In The Developing World [Arabic], John Bongaarts Jan 2001

Household Size And Composition In The Developing World [Arabic], John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This study uses data from recent household surveys in 43 developing countries to describe the main dimensions of household size and composition in the developing world. Average household size varies only modestly among regions, ranging from 5.6 in the Near East/North Africa to 4.8 in Latin America. These averages are similar to levels observed in the second half of the nineteenth century in Europe and North America. About four out of five members of the household are part of the nuclear family of the head of the household. Household size is found to be positively associated with the level of …

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Obstacles To Contraceptive Use In Pakistan: A Study In Punjab, John B. Casterline, Zeba Sathar, Minhaj Ul Haque Jan 2001

Obstacles To Contraceptive Use In Pakistan: A Study In Punjab, John B. Casterline, Zeba Sathar, Minhaj Ul Haque

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The principal aim of this study is to assess the strength in Pakistan of a set of hypothesized obstacles to practicing contraception. Our concern is those factors that prevent women from translating a desire to avoid becoming pregnant into contraceptive practice, a common predicament in Pakistan in recent decades. We analyze survey data collected in Punjab province in 1996 that contain unusually detailed measurement of various perceived costs of practicing contraception, as well as focused measurement of fertility motivation. The framework guiding the research specifies six major obstacles to contraceptive use: the strength of motivation to avoid pregnancy, awareness and …

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Whose Education Counts? The Impact Of Grown Children's Education On The Physical Functioning Of Their Parents In Taiwan, Zachary Zimmer, Albert I. Hermalin, Hui-Sheng Lin Jan 2001

Whose Education Counts? The Impact Of Grown Children's Education On The Physical Functioning Of Their Parents In Taiwan, Zachary Zimmer, Albert I. Hermalin, Hui-Sheng Lin

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Research has identified education as an important predictor of physical functioning in old age. Older adults in Taiwan tend to experience close ties to family members and high rates of adult child coresidence, much more so than is typical in Western cultures. These circumstances might imply additional health-related benefits stemming from the education of grown children. This association could arise in a number of ways, for instance through the sharing of health-related information between child and parent, the quality of caregiving efforts, monetary assistance for medical and other services, or through other psychosocial avenues. In this study, a nationally representative …

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Immunization Status And Child Survival In Rural Ghana, Philomena Nyarko, Brian Wells Pence, Cornelius Debpuur Jan 2001

Immunization Status And Child Survival In Rural Ghana, Philomena Nyarko, Brian Wells Pence, Cornelius Debpuur

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

For three decades, the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) has been promoted as one of the key child health interventions in developing countries. Vaccines for six childhood diseases (diphtheria, measles, pertussis, poliomyelitis, tetanus, and tuberculosis) have been shown to be efficacious in preventing disease-specific morbidity and mortality, yet not all commentators are convinced that the EPI reduces all-cause child mortality. Numerous studies have found that measles vaccination programs substantially reduce all-cause child mortality, but recent findings from Guinea-Bissau suggest that diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) vaccine may increase all-cause child mortality. The present study uses five years of data from …

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