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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 1338
Full-Text Articles in Sociology
Paths Toward Impulsive Buying: The Effect Of Credit Use And Debt Avoidance On The Paths Between Money Attitudes And Impulsive Buying Among U.S. College Students, Jacob Prior Sybrowsky
Paths Toward Impulsive Buying: The Effect Of Credit Use And Debt Avoidance On The Paths Between Money Attitudes And Impulsive Buying Among U.S. College Students, Jacob Prior Sybrowsky
Theses and Dissertations
Money attitudes modeled in the home are an important part of a child's economic socialization. Although not always labeled as such, earlier literature clearly addressed this type of child learning through observation, interaction, and direct familial involvement (Rettig, 1986). Families operate as one of society's most salient economic socializing agents as they provide environments conducive to human development, information networks, role models, and grants and exchanges (Rettig, 1983). The research reported here addresses the economic socialization of children and their money attitudes as emerging adults. The current study investigated the role of money attitudes (power, anxiety, and distrust) by examining …
Therapists' Perceived Influence Of Language: Second Language Spanish Speaking Therapists With Native Spanish-Speaking Clients, Cameron D. Mount
Therapists' Perceived Influence Of Language: Second Language Spanish Speaking Therapists With Native Spanish-Speaking Clients, Cameron D. Mount
Theses and Dissertations
Experiences of the bilingual client in therapy have received attention in the literature but accounts of the experience of the bilingual therapist are strikingly sparse. The purpose of this study was to focus on the bilingual therapist's perception of the impact of language on the therapeutic process. To achieve this goal, the researcher interviewed therapists who speak Spanish as a second language and work with native Spanish-speaking clients. Data analysis was completed using ethnographic research methods, which resulted in the emergence of three themes. The first theme included therapists' perceived obstacles to second-language therapy. Each of the participants in the …
Interactions Among Italian Preschool-Age Children: Aggression, Victimization, And Sociometric Status, Shawna J. Marshall
Interactions Among Italian Preschool-Age Children: Aggression, Victimization, And Sociometric Status, Shawna J. Marshall
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined social interactions between Italian preschoolers based upon sociometric status groupings. The sample consisted of 267 Italian preschoolers (mean age 64 months) taken from early childhood classrooms in southern Italy. Drawing on previous research, preschoolers' physical and relational aggression and physical and relational victimization as measured by peer nominations were analyzed. Structural equation modeling using Mplus was used to test the model, and SPSS 15 was used to run analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to examine the interaction between sociometric status and preschoolers' behaviors toward peers. Findings generally support previous research with American children as well as cross-cultural research …
The Development Of The Remarital Assessment Questionnaire For Divorced Persons (Raq-D), Derrel Jay Higgins
The Development Of The Remarital Assessment Questionnaire For Divorced Persons (Raq-D), Derrel Jay Higgins
Theses and Dissertations
The development of the Remarital Assessment Questionnaire for Divorced Persons (RAQ-D) is presented. Steps of development of the questionnaire are outlined: a review of remarital literature, interviews with remarried couples, the creation of a pool of items, review of the items by clinicians, and the development of a preliminary questionnaire. Data were collected through the internet. An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the data yielded scales relating to adjustment areas that are specific to remarital couples. The resulting scales exhibited acceptable level of internal consistency. Psychometric properties of the resulting scales are reported. Implications and recommendations of further development of the …
Economic Hardship And Children's Social Withdrawal In Romanian Families, Jennifer Denise Pearson
Economic Hardship And Children's Social Withdrawal In Romanian Families, Jennifer Denise Pearson
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the impact of perceived economic hardship on family processes and children's socially withdrawn (reticent) behaviors in Romania. The sample consisted of 121 Romanian mothers and fathers of 4-5 year old children, as well as children's kindergarten teachers. Drawing on Conger and colleagues' family stress model of economic hardship, the associations among mothers' and fathers' ratings of economic hardship, depression, marital conflict, psychologically controlling parenting, and teacher ratings of child social withdrawal were analyzed. Structural equation modeling using AMOS 7.0 was used to test the model. Findings generally support earlier studies with European American families, as well as …
Religion And The Everyday Ritual Of Home Life: A Comparison Of Higher And Lower Family Functioning Groups, Rachel Wadsworth Loser
Religion And The Everyday Ritual Of Home Life: A Comparison Of Higher And Lower Family Functioning Groups, Rachel Wadsworth Loser
Theses and Dissertations
As scholarly interest in family religiosity has grown, scholars have called for a closer look at proximal measures of religiosity that are more connected to the individual and familial daily experience (Mahoney et al., 1999). The purpose of this paper is to explore in detail how religion and family religious rituals relate to, interface with, and affect the day-to-day activity of family life. It includes qualitative analysis of interviews with highly religious parents and children in 67 families that belong to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grounded theory was employed to analyze the data and a conceptual …
Triangulating Social Capital Measurement For Turnover Research: Applications To The U.S. Military, Frederic W. Lunas
Triangulating Social Capital Measurement For Turnover Research: Applications To The U.S. Military, Frederic W. Lunas
Theses and Dissertations
In the United States, and around the world, social capital is becoming an intriguing new focus for slowing the declining sense of community and community trust. This strengthening focus on social capital in empirical study has great potential for an important role in U.S. public policy, as policy changes focused on increasing social capital may decrease turnover.
Yet, according to researchers, not enough sufficiently tested empirical measures of social capital exist. Combining several existing measures should provide a theoretically informed measurement of social capital for turnover research with application to the U.S. Military. Within this context, this thesis incorporated survey …
Networks And Cultural Bridges: A Case Study With The Tarahumara Of Northern Mexico, Jennifer Marie Nations
Networks And Cultural Bridges: A Case Study With The Tarahumara Of Northern Mexico, Jennifer Marie Nations
Theses and Dissertations
Network and cultural bridge theories predict the source and durability of cultural boundaries, including how cultural boundaries are overcome in order for differing groups to have meaningful exchanges. Ethnographic interview data with three research subjects in Northern Mexico reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Minita Bustillos, Juan Daniel Villalobos, and Horacio Echeverría contribute to bridging ties between the closed indigenous community of the Tarahumara and outside Mexican and American groups. Their positions elucidate the veracity of theoretical propositions found in network and cultural bridge theories. Findings suggest that though useful in understanding several aspects of network structure and …
A Layered Social And Operational Network Analysis, Jennifer L. Geffre
A Layered Social And Operational Network Analysis, Jennifer L. Geffre
Theses and Dissertations
To provide maximal disruption to a clandestine/terrorist network's ability to conduct missions, we must develop a means to determine the individuals' importance to the network and operations. In a network centric world, this importance is represented as an additive value of their criticality across the convergence of multiple layers of network connections. The connections layers of the network are comprised of social layers (Acquaintance, Friendship, Nuclear Family, Relatives, Student-Teacher, and Religious Mentors, Reverent Power and others), as well as layers representing interactions involving Resources, Knowledge/Skills and Temporal Local. The social criticality of an individual is measured by centrality. Event Trees …
Predicting Group Performance Using Cohesion And Social Network Density: A Comparative Analysis, Frederick W. Peterson
Predicting Group Performance Using Cohesion And Social Network Density: A Comparative Analysis, Frederick W. Peterson
Theses and Dissertations
Group performance has been an important topic as evidenced by an extensive literature review that has supports a positive relationship between group cohesion and performance. Social network researchers have also found similar relationships between cohesion and group performance using social network density as a proxy for cohesion. The traditional cohesion construct is measured using an attitudinal instrument that relies on member perceptions that are aggregated at the group level. The density construct, on the other hand, is based on social network relations which are based on behaviors and actual member interactions and relationships. Considering these differences, although both cohesion measures …
The Effects Of Social Network Centrality On Group Satisfaction, Peter M. Choi
The Effects Of Social Network Centrality On Group Satisfaction, Peter M. Choi
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to identify how various social network centralities affect a person’s satisfaction level. Simple degree centrality has been utilized to specify an individual’s location in a network by measuring the number of direct links with other members in the organization (Brass & Burkhardt, 1992, 1993). This study examines how location in friendship, task, and avoidance networks affect an individual’s satisfaction with the group. To determine the relationship between social network centrality and work group satisfaction, a longitudinal field study was conducted on 440 active duty enlisted military members in a leadership development training course. While …
Is Marriage Education Effective? A Meta-Analytic Review Of Marriage Education Programs, Elizabeth Brinton Fawcett
Is Marriage Education Effective? A Meta-Analytic Review Of Marriage Education Programs, Elizabeth Brinton Fawcett
Theses and Dissertations
In the past few decades, several meta-analytic studies have attempted to answer the question: Is marriage education effective (Carroll & Doherty, 2003; Halford, Markman, Kline & Stanley, 2003; Reardon-Anderson, Stagner, Macomber, & Murray, 2004)? However, previous meta-analytic studies have been somewhat limited in their conclusions because they have reviewed a narrow portion of the marriage education spectrum (e.g. premarital education only, Carroll & Doherty, 2003), because they focused only on one particular program (e.g, Couples Communication, Butler & Wampler, 1999), because they failed to differentiate marital therapy from marital education programs (Reardon-Anderson et al., 2005), or because they excluded much …
Sociocultural Strain Theory, Amy L. Proctor
Sociocultural Strain Theory, Amy L. Proctor
Theses and Dissertations
In reaction to criticisms of existing strain theories, Agnew (1992) developed General Strain Theory, and in doing so moved toward micro-level conceptions of strain. A return to the cultural concepts found in traditional strain theories may provide a more complete examination of delinquency/criminality, as it would incorporate the influence that culture has on rates of delinquency/criminality among certain groups in American society. This thesis adds to the knowledge base of criminological thought through the creation of a new strain theory. Sociocultural Strain Theory (SST) may provide a better explanation of delinquency/criminality, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, by taking into consideration cultural …
Effect Of The Consumption Of Farm Animals On The Diet And Hemoglobin Levels Of School Age Children In The Rural Communities Of Topo, Imbabura, Gualabi, Calpaqui, And Compania Of The Imbabura Province, Alexandra Echeverría
Theses and Dissertations
This research addressed malnutrition in the villages of Topo, Imbabura, Gualabí, Calpaquí and Compañía in the city Otavalo, which is in the Province of Imbaura, Ecuador. The research determined the effects of consumption of small-animals on the diet and hemoglobin levels in school aged boys and girls. This study involved 311 indigenous children between 6 and 12 years of age. Following parental authorization, blood tests and fecal samples were taken from each child to analyze hemoglobin and parasites. Additional information gathered from this study group included a socio-economic survey, frequency of food consumption, 24 hour inventory, animal production, and basic …
Characteristics And Offending Patterns Of Juvenile Female Sex Offenders, Antonela Tomic
Characteristics And Offending Patterns Of Juvenile Female Sex Offenders, Antonela Tomic
Theses and Dissertations
Although there has been an increasing interest in juvenile female sex offenders, existing research is limited. This thesis examines the demographic characteristics of juvenile female sex offenders, their victims, and their offense characteristics using a national sample of 172 juvenile female sex offenders who were arrested for sex offenses in 2001. The typical offender was a 14-year-old white female and was arrested for forcible fondling. The majority of the victims were white females who knew their offenders. Most of the offenses were committed at a residence. The use of force, as well as use of alcohol and/or drugs at the …
Assessing Perceived Marriage Education Needs And Interests Of Latino Individuals In Utah County, Utah, Iliana Snyder
Assessing Perceived Marriage Education Needs And Interests Of Latino Individuals In Utah County, Utah, Iliana Snyder
Theses and Dissertations
This study utilized focus groups to assess the perceived needs and interests for marriage education among single and married Latino individuals residing in Utah County, Utah as well as the identification of common themes and differences for this population. Male and female groups at various points in the marital developmental life stage were studied including high school students (15-18 years of age), single never married young adults (19-30 years of age), committed (engaged or cohabiting) adults, married persons recently transitioning to parenting, and married people with children. The sample consisted of 10 groups, 5 female and 5 male. In addition, …
Social Withdrawal And Its Behavioral Correlates Among Chinese Preschoolers, Peixia Wu
Social Withdrawal And Its Behavioral Correlates Among Chinese Preschoolers, Peixia Wu
Theses and Dissertations
Researchers have recognized that social withdrawal in early childhood is a complex and multifaceted construct which includes three main observed subtypes: reticence, solitary-passive withdrawal, and solitary-active withdrawal. Each is differentially associated with children's behavioral outcomes in Western societies (e.g., United States, Canada). Furthermore, potential gender differences may exist regarding the distinct associations between non-social behavior and indices of maladjustment across boys and girls due to differential societal and cultural gender-role expectations. Previous studies suggest that subtypes of observed social withdrawal can be identified in Chinese preschoolers. It is important to examine the behavioral correlates of observed withdrawn subtypes in the …
Predictors Of Change In Health Care Use After Marital And Family Therapy, Scott H. Payne
Predictors Of Change In Health Care Use After Marital And Family Therapy, Scott H. Payne
Theses and Dissertations
The cost of health care continues to increase. Based on the biopsychosocial model of heath care, it has been shown that the treatment of psychological and social problems can have a cost offset effect on the cost of medical care. While this offset effect has been shown in an MFT population, there are no known studies that have looked at predictors of the change in medical use by those that receive marital and family therapy. This study looked at psychological and social measures of individuals who received marital and family therapy. These measures were evaluated based on the change from …
Understanding The Other Side: The Traits Of Partners Of Individuals With Neurotic Traits In Committed Premarital Relationships, Ryan W. Blick
Understanding The Other Side: The Traits Of Partners Of Individuals With Neurotic Traits In Committed Premarital Relationships, Ryan W. Blick
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to identify the partners' traits and skills that predict relationship satisfaction in committed, premarital relationships in which one person has neurotic traits, as well as to examine the degree of consensus about neuroticism for both individuals. Data from 198 never-married, young adult, premarital couples who had completed the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE) questionnaire were used in the analyses. Measures of perceived partner traits and skills included levels of empathic communication, clear sending, flooding, kindness, flexibility, criticism, and contempt and defensiveness. Relationship satisfaction as measured by RELATE was the criterion variable. Results showed little agreement between …
Understanding Psychological Control Through Differences Between Shame And Disappointment: Implications For Childhood Agression, Sacha Leah Bikhazi
Understanding Psychological Control Through Differences Between Shame And Disappointment: Implications For Childhood Agression, Sacha Leah Bikhazi
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the potentially unique roles that parental use of two psychological control dimensions, shame and disappointment, play in predicting children's relational and physical aggression. It was additionally of interest to investigate whether warm/involved parenting would moderate the effects of these forms of psychological control on both types of childhood aggression. Based on a review of literature, it was hypothesized that parental use of shame would positively predict aggression in children, whereas parental use of disappointment would not be significantly associated with childhood aggression. Additionally, it was hypothesized that warm, involved parenting would have …
Xhosa Single Mothers: Reasons For Remaining Single, Oertel Nicole Sparks
Xhosa Single Mothers: Reasons For Remaining Single, Oertel Nicole Sparks
Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative study seeks to identify the situational and cultural influences related to single motherhood among a specific population in South Africa. Through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this thesis reveals the life stories and experiences of the women utilizing the Salem Baby Care Centre. Hopefully, this contributed to a better understanding of these Xhosa mothers' reasons for remaining single. These single mothers are caught in a cycle of poverty. They often begin having children at a very young age, leading to children with different fathers. This differs from traditional family systems where women and children were protected. Women are …
Belief Formation Through Family Storytelling: Implications For Family Therapy, Kelly Gagalis-Hoffman
Belief Formation Through Family Storytelling: Implications For Family Therapy, Kelly Gagalis-Hoffman
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to phenomenologically explore and describe the influence family storytelling has on the formation and transference of beliefs. This study was a case study of one family who was identified as engaging in family storytelling. The participants were selected based on their participation in a 2004 pilot study, "A Phenomenological Examination of Family Recreational Storytelling." The results of the 2004 pilot study were analyzed for belief-centered themes. It was upon those themes that questions for this study were based. For this study it was hypothesized that: 1) storytelling strengthens family bonds and connections; 2) storytelling …
Alcohol Use And Religiosity Among College Students, Deena King
Alcohol Use And Religiosity Among College Students, Deena King
Theses and Dissertations
Alcohol use among college students is often in the news. Some scholars argue, with literature to support it, that problem drinking in college is just a media-driven myth (Lederman et al. 2004). Yet it is clear that college students do drink, some to excess. Various reasons are cited from alcohol availability to the "freedom" associated with this stage of life. However, very few researchers have attempted to determine whether religiosity affects alcohol use among college students. The purpose of this study was to further examine the combined issues of religiosity and alcohol use among college students. Is excessive use of …
Family Socialization, Religiosity And Young Men's Fatherhood Plans, James Parry Sanders
Family Socialization, Religiosity And Young Men's Fatherhood Plans, James Parry Sanders
Theses and Dissertations
This study examines how family socialization and religiosity are associated with young men's intention to someday become a father. Data from the National Survey of Families and Households are used to measure the influence of family connection, family regulation, family psychological autonomy and public and private religiosity on young men's fatherhood intentions. Family connection and private religiosity are associated with young men's fatherhood plans.
The Developmental Timing Of Divorce And Adult Children's Romantic Relationship Quality, Abigail Joy Viveiros
The Developmental Timing Of Divorce And Adult Children's Romantic Relationship Quality, Abigail Joy Viveiros
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding the contingencies that explain whether divorce has positive or negative long-term effects for adult children is at the heart of this study. Although previous studies suggest an association between parental divorce and the divorce of adult offspring, less known is about whether the timing of divorce influences the relationship outcomes of adult children. Using a large nationally representative sample in terms of race (N=6,066), eight groups of individuals (males and females from intact homes, males and females who experienced divorce during adolescence, males and females who experienced divorce during middle childhood, and males and females who experienced divorce during …
Adolescent Leisure Activities As A Moderator Of The Negative Effects Of Family Process On Adolescent Emotional Health, Samuel K. Dahlin
Adolescent Leisure Activities As A Moderator Of The Negative Effects Of Family Process On Adolescent Emotional Health, Samuel K. Dahlin
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an adolescent's experience with different types of leisure (achievement, social or time-out) would moderate the negative effects of dysfunctional family process on an adolescent's emotional health. A model was tested that hypothesized that leisure experienced as achievement or social by adolescents would buffer the negative effects of a dysfunctional family. A sample of 243 clinical and non-clinical adolescents completed the Global Severity Index, the Family Assessment Device, and the Leisure Questionnaire. Three regression analyses were run for the whole sample (n=243), the male sample (n=150), and the female sample (n=93). In …
Implicit Family Process And Couples Rules: A Comparison Of American And Hungarian Families, Noemi Gergely
Implicit Family Process And Couples Rules: A Comparison Of American And Hungarian Families, Noemi Gergely
Theses and Dissertations
Family life is organized by rules, and most of them are unspokenly agreed-upon by family members and may be even out of awareness. Implicit family process and couple rules may facilitate or constrain family relationship and intimate couple relationship growth. Prevalence of family rules may be different across cultures. Family members may perceive their rules and family functioning differently according to their family position and gender. Married couples may view their relationship rules differently than couples who cohabit. This study utilized the Family Implicit Rules Profile (FIRP) and the Couples Implicit Rules Profile (CIRP) Questionnaires to answer these research questions. …
Marital Harmony And Conflict: Linkages To Infants' Emotional Regulation, Cardiac Vagal Tone, And Developmental Status At Six- And Nine-Months Of Age, Staci Shizuko Ohmine
Marital Harmony And Conflict: Linkages To Infants' Emotional Regulation, Cardiac Vagal Tone, And Developmental Status At Six- And Nine-Months Of Age, Staci Shizuko Ohmine
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the linkages between marital harmony and conflict and infants' emotional and physiological regulation abilities and developmental status at six- and nine-months of age. Participants included 93 first-time mothers and their infants (43 males, 50 females) from a Mountain West community. Mothers were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires, including a demographic measure and Braiker and Kelly's (1979) marital quality questionnaire. The revised Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID II) and Behavior Rating Scales (BRS) 2nd Edition were administered at six- and nine-months to measure infants' mental and motor development status and emotional regulation abilities. Infants' heart …
Family-Of-Origin Quality, Regulation Of Negative Affect, Marital Stability, And Couple Drinking Patterns, Heidi M. Brunner
Family-Of-Origin Quality, Regulation Of Negative Affect, Marital Stability, And Couple Drinking Patterns, Heidi M. Brunner
Theses and Dissertations
The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of family-of-origin quality, adult regulation of negative affect, and marital stability with the extent to which couples report they drink similarly and the extent to which they report that the husband drinks more than the wife. It was hypothesized that these two types of couple drinking patterns would be impacted by each individual spouse's context as well as by the interaction of those contexts. A national sample of 1498 couples or 2996 individuals (1498 wives and 1498 husbands married to each other) participated in this study. This study sought …
Japanese Mothers' Parenting Styles With Preschool-Age Children, Ai Shibazaki Lau
Japanese Mothers' Parenting Styles With Preschool-Age Children, Ai Shibazaki Lau
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine whether Western typologies of parenting (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and psychological control) and their dimensions (e.g., connection, regulation, physical punishment, verbal hostility) can be measured in the context of Japanese parenting. Based on the literature review, it was hypothesized that these parenting constructs are measurable in Japan. The participants were 214 Japanese mothers of preschool-age children (101 boys and 113 girls) from several preschools in Kushiro-city, Japan. A series of two-group (boys and girls) Confirmatory Factor Analysis was carried out with Mplus statistical software to test the measurement models of authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, …