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Articles 1021 - 1050 of 1109
Full-Text Articles in Sociology
Experience With Clinical Training In Postabortion Care In Egypt: Improving Medical And Interpersonal Skills, Sahar Hegazi, Dale Huntington
Experience With Clinical Training In Postabortion Care In Egypt: Improving Medical And Interpersonal Skills, Sahar Hegazi, Dale Huntington
Reproductive Health
The Population Council’s Asia and Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project is collaborating with AVSC International to incorporate the addition of improved postabortion care procedures into the ongoing Safe Reproductive Health Care project. An element in the next phase of the program’s evolution was a two-day seminar held in Alexandria, Egypt. This seminar provided an opportunity for staff from ten hospitals that participated in the 1996–97 expansion program to present their own experience and impressions of the postabortion case-management procedures, and to discuss their strengths and weaknesses. This report presents an overview of this meeting’s presentations …
Implant Users: Over Five Years After Insertion (Further Analysis Of Previous Study Data), Jayanti Tuladhar, Joedo Prihartono
Implant Users: Over Five Years After Insertion (Further Analysis Of Previous Study Data), Jayanti Tuladhar, Joedo Prihartono
Reproductive Health
This secondary analysis report presents the characteristics of a subgroup of 235 women who are overdue in getting Norplant® implants removed after five years, factors related to the risk of nonremoval after five years, and issues related to accessing information about removal of implants. The main source of data for the present study is the “Norplant Implants® Assessment Study: Insertion, Use, and Removal” carried out in Indonesia in April 1996. This study consisted of a representative sample of 2,979 current and former Norplant users who had an insertion from April 1, 1987, to March 31, 1991, five or more years …
Iron Supplementation: Knowledge, Perceptions, And Usage Among Pregnant Women In Rural India, Jayanti Tuladhar, John Townsend, Nazir Haider, Leila Caleb-Varkey
Iron Supplementation: Knowledge, Perceptions, And Usage Among Pregnant Women In Rural India, Jayanti Tuladhar, John Townsend, Nazir Haider, Leila Caleb-Varkey
Reproductive Health
In India, severe anemia has been one of the causes of high maternal mortality and death of newborns and infants due to low birthweight. The prevalence of anemia among women ages 15–44 is extremely high. The Government of India has provided iron and folic acid tablets (IFA) as a prophylaxis against nutritional anemia among pregnant women as part of the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood program and will continue to do so in the Reproductive and Child Health package. This paper presents findings of both qualitative and quantitative research conducted among pregnant women to investigate the extent of distribution and …
Reproductive Behavior Among Muslims In Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel
Reproductive Behavior Among Muslims In Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel
Reproductive Health
Muslims form the largest minority group in India, according to the 1991 census, constituting about 12 percent of the country's population. India has the second largest Muslim population in the world. The growth rate of the Muslim population in India during the last three decades is somewhat higher than the non-Muslim population. The present paper, based on a large sample survey carried out in Uttar Pradesh, India, compares the reproductive behavior of Hindus and Muslims. An attempt has been made to examine the determinants of their differential fertility and family planning behavior.
Dmpa Provision In Pss Clinics In Uttar Pradesh: Costs And Prices, Saumya Ramarao, John Townsend, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Sudha Tiwari, Sneh Vishwanath, Harbans Singh
Dmpa Provision In Pss Clinics In Uttar Pradesh: Costs And Prices, Saumya Ramarao, John Townsend, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Sudha Tiwari, Sneh Vishwanath, Harbans Singh
Reproductive Health
The injectable contraceptive DMPA was introduced in the private sector in India in 1993, contingent on completion of a post-marketing surveillance study of users. The commercial price of a dose of DMPA is about Rs. 150-180, exclusive of the fees of the medical provider. This price puts it beyond the reach of most Parivar Seva Sanstha (PSS) clients in need of safe and effective family planning (FP) services in Uttar Pradesh. Since April 1996, an experiment has been underway with three PSS clinics in Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of price on demand for DMPA. The study seeks to …
The Situation Analysis Approach To Assessing Family Planning And Reproductive Health Services: A Handbook, Robert A. Miller, Andrew A. Fisher, Kate Miller, Lewis Ndhlovu, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew, Diouratie Sanogo, Placide Tapsoba
The Situation Analysis Approach To Assessing Family Planning And Reproductive Health Services: A Handbook, Robert A. Miller, Andrew A. Fisher, Kate Miller, Lewis Ndhlovu, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew, Diouratie Sanogo, Placide Tapsoba
Reproductive Health
Good family planning service delivery emphasizing both access and quality is key to the related goals of satisfying individual needs and achieving programmatic success. Situation Analysis (SA) provides a needed link between the manager and the client he or she is trying to serve. The data marshaled for SA offer a representative picture of how subsystems are working and provide a way to “see” the client’s experience. Situation Analyses assist managers in achieving the broadest management goal—that of efficient administration of a vital health care service while keeping in view the ultimate goal—providing good care for those who seek it. …
Youth Centres In Kenya: Evaluation Of The Family Planning Association Of Kenya Programme, Annabel Erulkar, Barbara Mensch
Youth Centres In Kenya: Evaluation Of The Family Planning Association Of Kenya Programme, Annabel Erulkar, Barbara Mensch
Reproductive Health
Since 1987, the Family Planning Association of Kenya (FPAK) has operated two youth centers, one in Nairobi and the other in Mombasa. The centers target unmarried youth aged 10–24 and their primary objective is reduction in incidence of sexual and reproductive-health-related problems. These centers offer recreational and sports facilities, counseling services, including reproductive health (RH) information, limited RH services, and referrals. In 1996, FPAK undertook a systematic evaluation of its youth-center program including a situation analysis of the centers, a survey in their catchment areas, and an analysis of program costs. The main strength of the program was found to …
Clinic-Based Investigation Of The Typology And Self-Reporting Of Fgm In Egypt, Population Council
Clinic-Based Investigation Of The Typology And Self-Reporting Of Fgm In Egypt, Population Council
Reproductive Health
This clinic-based study of female genital mutilation (FGM) was designed and carried out by the Egypt Fertility Care Society to gather detailed information on the types of FGM practiced in Egypt. The study involved interviews with clinic clients to elicit information about their experience and attitudes concerning FGM, and gynecological examinations by specially trained OB/GYN physicians. In all, 93% of the women in this study were found to have some type of FGM. The study's findings were incorporated in the final report of the 1995 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey, with the aim of contributing to the scientific understanding of …
Reproductive Tract Infection—Lessons Learned From The Field: Where Do We Go From Here?, Jennifer Grant, Diana Measham
Reproductive Tract Infection—Lessons Learned From The Field: Where Do We Go From Here?, Jennifer Grant, Diana Measham
Reproductive Health
The Population Council convened a meeting about reproductive tract infections (RTIs) to examine how best to use available tools and information, learn about potential service delivery approaches, and examine the direction of research. The meeting began with an examination of what is known about the prevalence, distribution, determinants, characteristics, and consequences of RTIs, as well as the common elements of an intervention framework. General obstacles related to work in the area of RTIs include lack of awareness of the problem and the limited power of women in society. Priorities for future research and programming include: further research on the scope …
A Situation Analysis Of The Maternal And Child Health/Family Planning (Mch/Fp) Program In Botswana, Benjamin Baakile, Lucy Sejo Maribe, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Robert A. Miller
A Situation Analysis Of The Maternal And Child Health/Family Planning (Mch/Fp) Program In Botswana, Benjamin Baakile, Lucy Sejo Maribe, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Robert A. Miller
Reproductive Health
Botswana has a rapid annual population growth rate and a high total fertility rate. It also has one of the highest levels of contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa. Infant and under-5 mortality rates have fallen, yet maternal mortality remains high. The Government of Botswana has developed an extensive network of health care facilities that provide services through an integrated approach. Family planning (FP) services are available at all three levels of the MOH system (hospitals, clinics, health posts). Services for managing sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) have recently undergone a substantial change with the introduction of the Syndromic Approach to STD …
Prospective Population Growth And Policy Options For India, 1991–2101, Leela Visaria, Pravin Visaria
Prospective Population Growth And Policy Options For India, 1991–2101, Leela Visaria, Pravin Visaria
Reproductive Health
India, the second most populous country in the world, experienced an accelerated decline in fertility during the 1980s. As a result, India’s total fertility rate (TFR) in 1993, 3.5 births per woman, is below the level presumed in the population projections of the United Nations and the World Bank. This favorable development has occurred as India is attempting to reorient its family planning program to focus on the reproductive health of women and the health and welfare of children. The method-specific targets for contraceptive acceptors assigned to every grassroots health worker were abandoned in April 1996. Against this backdrop, this …
Rapid Appraisal Of Ipp-Vi Training Of Anms In Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Saumya Ramarao, R.B. Gupta, Sulbha Swaroop, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anoop K. Saxena, Anil Mishra
Rapid Appraisal Of Ipp-Vi Training Of Anms In Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Saumya Ramarao, R.B. Gupta, Sulbha Swaroop, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anoop K. Saxena, Anil Mishra
Reproductive Health
This report provides findings of a rapid appraisal of the Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) training program in Uttar Pradesh, India. The appraisal was undertaken by the Population Council and State Innovations in Family Planning Agency (SIFPSA). As SIFPSA is in the process of planning a training program to strengthen the technical skills and competence of ANMs and update their contraceptive knowledge, it was felt that a rapid appraisal of the training program would help in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of previous training efforts. The ANM training initiatives of SIFPSA would then build upon the experiences gained from earlier training …
Community Participation In Health, Family Planning And Development Activities: A Review Of International Experiences, Abbas Bhuiya, Fatima Yasmin, Farida Begum, Ubaidur Rob
Community Participation In Health, Family Planning And Development Activities: A Review Of International Experiences, Abbas Bhuiya, Fatima Yasmin, Farida Begum, Ubaidur Rob
Reproductive Health
The family planning (FP)/maternal and child health (MCH) program in Bangladesh has achieved success in the recent past, mostly through a large-scale government service-delivery system with support and cooperation from donors and nongovernmental organizations. There is concern about the financial and social sustainability of the program. Other issues include achievement of replacement-level fertility within a stipulated period and improvement of MCH-FP service quality. It is widely believed that most of the concerns will be taken care of with effective community participation. Before activating community initiatives, it is worth carrying out action research. A literature review was completed from July to …
Quality Of Family Planning Programme In India: A Review Of Public And Private Sector, Dileep V. Mavalankar
Quality Of Family Planning Programme In India: A Review Of Public And Private Sector, Dileep V. Mavalankar
Reproductive Health
Increasing attention has been paid to quality of care (QOC) in family planning (FP) during the last few years, and there have been several initiatives to strengthen QOC in FP in the developing world. This paper reviews the quality of the FP program in India’s public and private sectors, and examines six elements: choice of methods, information given to clients, technical competence, interpersonal relations, continuity of care and follow-up, and appropriate constellation of services. Overall, the paper finds that not much attention has been paid to QOC and hence the level is quite low. Evidence and observations indicate that QOC …
Reintroducing Dmpa To The Philippine Family Planning Program: A Longitudinal Study Of Continuing Users And Drop-Outs, Population Council
Reintroducing Dmpa To The Philippine Family Planning Program: A Longitudinal Study Of Continuing Users And Drop-Outs, Population Council
Reproductive Health
In 1994, the Population Council, Manila, conducted an operations research (OR) project entitled “DMPA Monitoring and Follow-up Studies.” The activity was undertaken to provide accurate and timely support to the DMPA Reintroduction Program of the Department of Health. Commonly known as Depo-Provera, DMPA stands for Depo-Medroxy Progesterone Acetate, an extremely effective injectable contraceptive given every three months. This report focuses on the survey component of these studies which aims to comprehensively examine the influence on DMPA use of factors classified into the following eight major areas: socioeconomic and demographic characteristics; reproductive history; contraceptive history; adoption of DMPA; quality of care …
Proceedings Of The Operations Research Training Workshop For Program Managers And Researchers, January 15-21, 1996, Family Planning Service, The Family Planning Operations Research And Training (Fport) Program, Population Council
Proceedings Of The Operations Research Training Workshop For Program Managers And Researchers, January 15-21, 1996, Family Planning Service, The Family Planning Operations Research And Training (Fport) Program, Population Council
Reproductive Health
This document contains the proceedings of the training workshop on operations research (OR) for program managers and researchers held January 15-21, 1996, in Mindoro, Philippines. The workshop was co-sponsored by the Family Planning Service of the Department of Health and the Family Planning Operations Research and Training Program of the Population Council, Manila. Representatives from the health and population offices of ten local government units (LGUs) worked with a select group of researchers to evolve a list of relevant topics for operations research (OR) and develop a concept paper on a chosen OR topic. The LGUs represented in the workshop …
Unsafe Abortion In Kenya: Findings From Eight Studies, Khama Rogo, Ann Leonard
Unsafe Abortion In Kenya: Findings From Eight Studies, Khama Rogo, Ann Leonard
Reproductive Health
One of the most topical areas in reproductive health today is the consequences of induced and often unsafe abortion. Safe motherhood initiatives continue to highlight the contribution of unsafe abortion to the persistent high rates of maternal mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries, unsafe abortion is responsible for up to half of all maternal mortality and morbidity, with adolescents constituting a significant proportion of those procuring unsafe abortions. In Kenya, concern about the problem of incomplete and septic abortion has increased, particularly on the part of service providers who must treat women suffering from the complications of …
Development Of Approaches To Community Based Family Planning Outreach In Egypt: Assessment Of Raidats Rifiats Program [Arabic], Population Council
Development Of Approaches To Community Based Family Planning Outreach In Egypt: Assessment Of Raidats Rifiats Program [Arabic], Population Council
Reproductive Health
Egypt’s family planning program officially began in 1965. Impressive gains in contraceptive use have been made since 1980, and the contraceptive prevalence rate increased from 24 percent in 1980 to 47 percent in 1992. Egypt’s National Population Policy addresses the nation’s population growth through multiple interventions designed to reduce fertility, including family planning (FP) services. FP accessibility is promoted through a network of public and NG0 FP clinics. A number of years ago, the Egyptian Family Planning Program began using the Raidats Rifiats program to extend services into rural communities. There is concern regarding the program’s ability to recruit women …
Integration Of Sti And Hiv/Aids Services With Mch/Fp Services: A Case Study Of The Mkomani Clinic Society In Mombasa, Kenya, Amina Twahir, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew
Integration Of Sti And Hiv/Aids Services With Mch/Fp Services: A Case Study Of The Mkomani Clinic Society In Mombasa, Kenya, Amina Twahir, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew
Reproductive Health
Most national MCH-FP programs in sub-Saharan Africa are shifting their programmatic strategies toward a broader reproductive health service approach that includes integrating STI and HIV/AIDS services into existing MCH-FP programs. This is based on the belief that integration will lead to more cost-effective and better-quality service, and maximize use of existing resources. There is an assumption that the basic infrastructure for the MCH-FP programs can absorb the extra demands of the STI/HIV/AIDS services with minimal additional inputs and that staff providing MCH-FP services require only minimal training to be able to provide STI/HIV/AIDS services. There is a further assumption that …
Men And Family Planning In Bangladesh: A Review Of The Literature, Debbie Donahoe
Men And Family Planning In Bangladesh: A Review Of The Literature, Debbie Donahoe
Reproductive Health
This report reviews the literature on men and family planning (FP) in Bangladesh. A variety of topics are covered: male fertility preferences, opinions about male methods of contraception, family planning (FP) decision-making, and recent efforts to involve Bangladeshi men in FP programs. Men’s desired family size in Bangladesh is small; only one-third of respondents in the most recent DHS survey wanted more than two children. The same survey revealed that knowledge of at least one modern method of FP is practically universal and that attitudes toward contraception are overwhelmingly favorable. Only superficial information on the frequency and quality of communication …
A Synthesis Of Research Findings On Quality Of Services In The Indian Family Welfare Programme, Gillian H.C. Foo
A Synthesis Of Research Findings On Quality Of Services In The Indian Family Welfare Programme, Gillian H.C. Foo
Reproductive Health
In recent years, there has been growing recognition among researchers and policymakers that the quality of care provided by family planning (FP) programs in developing countries is an important determinant of whether couples adopt contraception and continue as contraceptive users, or whether these programs are underutilized. A major initiative to identify and implement improvements in the quality of services within the Indian program calls for a systematic analysis, organization, and presentation of the available data to the policymakers and program managers concerned. Additional data is also required on issues such as user's perception of quality of care, the relative importance …
A Model Of Costs Of Rti Case Management Services In Uttar Pradesh, Saumya Ramarao, John Townsend, M.E. Khan
A Model Of Costs Of Rti Case Management Services In Uttar Pradesh, Saumya Ramarao, John Townsend, M.E. Khan
Reproductive Health
The Government of India has adopted a Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) approach as the basis of its new family welfare policy. One component of RCH is management of reproductive tract infections (RTIs). The Population Council's Asia and the Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project, in collaboration with the State of Uttar Pradesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, is conducting a study on the feasibility and cost of providing RTI case management at the primary-care level. The estimated annual cost of RTI case management at the district level would be about US$64,000. From the analysis, …
Inopal Ii Final Report, Population Council
Inopal Ii Final Report, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The goal of the Population Council's “Investigación Operacional en Planificación Familiar y Atención Materno-Infantil para América Latina y el Caribe” (INOPAL) program was to conduct operations research and provide technical assistance to improve the coverage, quality, and sustainability of family planning (FP) services in Latin America and the Caribbean. INOPAL II was the successor to INOPAL I (1984–1989). Like its predecessor, INOPAL II was supported by a contract from the USAID Office of Population, when it was replaced by a new USAID-funded project, INOPAL III. INOPAL II objectives included: expanding access to FP services, improving the operations of programs by …
Male Involvement In Family Planning: A Challenge For The National Programme Workshop, National Institute Of Population Research And Training, Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (Gtz), Population Council, Avsc International
Male Involvement In Family Planning: A Challenge For The National Programme Workshop, National Institute Of Population Research And Training, Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (Gtz), Population Council, Avsc International
Reproductive Health
The Bangladesh family planning (FP) program has achieved success in reducing fertility during the past decades, but male involvement is lagging behind. A two-day seminar on "Male Involvement in Family Planning: A Challenge for the National Programme" was held in Dhaka June 25–26, 1996. The objectives were to review research findings on methods currently used, determine male involvement policy and strategy, and formulate an action plan including IEC, counseling, and programmatic interventions. Speakers emphasized the need for more male involvement in FP and the prevailing misconceptions about male contraception that should be addressed with IEC programs. Participants felt that to …
Communications Needs Assessment In Egypt: Final Report, Sahar Hegazi
Communications Needs Assessment In Egypt: Final Report, Sahar Hegazi
Reproductive Health
The recently approved dissemination strategy of the Population Council's ANE OR/TA Project aims to improve the communication process for diffusing study results, enhance their utilization, and institutionalize the operations research communications methods in each of the ANE OR/TA countries. A communications needs assessment was conducted to re-examine the target audiences, define the type of messages each responds to best, identify the most appropriate mix of media for transmitting those messages, and consolidate linkages with other communications professionals working within related fields. This exercise was conducted in Egypt between January and March 1996. The methodology was based on conducting in-depth interviews …
Indonesia Norplant® Removal Assessment Study, Andrew A. Fisher, Joedo Prihartono, Jayanti Tuladhar, Anthony Tan
Indonesia Norplant® Removal Assessment Study, Andrew A. Fisher, Joedo Prihartono, Jayanti Tuladhar, Anthony Tan
Reproductive Health
The Indonesia Norplant® Removal Assessment Study was prepared for the World Bank and USAID/Indonesia. All women interviewed had Norplant (contraceptive implant) inserted for five or more years before the interview. For the entire sample, 8.2 percent had not yet had Norplant removed at the time of the interview. This report indicates a very high continuation rate for each Norplant insertion cohort from 1987 through 1991. Almost all Norplant users continue through the fourth year. Between the end of the fourth year and the end of the fifth year, there is a sharp drop in use from 90 percent to 66 …
Indonesia: Utilization Of Completed Operations Research Studies, Meiwita B. Iskandar, Subadra Indrawati
Indonesia: Utilization Of Completed Operations Research Studies, Meiwita B. Iskandar, Subadra Indrawati
Reproductive Health
In the past eight years, many operations research (OR) programs were implemented in Indonesia to increase the availability, accessibility, and acceptability of services desired by family planning (FP) users. OR has also been employed to improve quality and sustainability by studying the performance, efficiency, and effectiveness of services delivered by providers. Nonetheless, relatively little is known about the true effects of OR studies in identifying and solving program problems in order to support the planning and coordinating of a particular program. Measuring utilization of OR results is not simple. In 1989, USAID signed its last bilateral assistance agreement with the …
Lactational Amenhorrhoea Method For Birth Spacing In Uttar Pradesh, India: Supporting Technical Data, Leila Caleb-Varkey, John Townsend
Lactational Amenhorrhoea Method For Birth Spacing In Uttar Pradesh, India: Supporting Technical Data, Leila Caleb-Varkey, John Townsend
Reproductive Health
Following the International Population and Development Conference in Cairo, there has been widespread consensus in the international community that family planning (FP) programs must be people-centered and focus not just on contraception, but on the reproductive health (RH) of men and women throughout their lives. This policy brief reviews the research and policy implications of promoting the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) as a component of FP counseling in India. The Government of India and the Population Council are using a pregnancy-based approach in Uttar Pradesh to improve the delivery of FP services through the rural primary health care system. Introducing …
Communications Needs Assessment: India, Sanjeev Kumar
Communications Needs Assessment: India, Sanjeev Kumar
Reproductive Health
“Needs assessment” refers to the process of assessing needs—of services, products, or information. The objectives of this communications needs assessment report are to identify policymakers and program managers’ specific information needs; to refine project audience segments according to information needs; and to assess current ANE OR/TA dissemination activities in India. Currently the ANE OR/TA Project is using many conventional and some innovative channels to reach a diverse audience, including: research summaries, final reports, policy briefs, working papers, personal communication with decisionmakers, workshops and seminars, OR home page on the Internet, and local and national media. To assess the information needs …
Proceedings Of The Operations Research Training Workshop: Mainstreaming Nfp In The Public Sector, August 15-18, 1996, Family Planning Service, Philippine Federation For Natural Family Planning, The Family Planning Operations Research And Training (Fport) Program, Population Council
Proceedings Of The Operations Research Training Workshop: Mainstreaming Nfp In The Public Sector, August 15-18, 1996, Family Planning Service, Philippine Federation For Natural Family Planning, The Family Planning Operations Research And Training (Fport) Program, Population Council
Reproductive Health
This report summarizes the proceedings of the “Operations Research Training Workshop: Mainstreaming Natural Family Planning in the Public Sector,” held August 15-18, 1996, in Boracay, Aklan, Philippines. The workshop was sponsored by the Philippine Federation for Natural Family Planning (NFP), the Family Planning Service of the Department of Health, and the Family Planning Operations Research and Training (FPORT) Program of the Population Council, Manila. Program managers and health officials were trained in operations research (OR) to enhance their understanding and appreciation of OR and its role in integrating NFP technology in the public health sector. Results of several diagnostic and …