Sociology Commons^™

An Outline History Of The Unionisation Of Hotel, Restaurant And Catering Workers In Dublin, Norman Croke

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

George Orwell in his classic Down and Out in Paris and London described the hotel industry’s work system as an elaborate caste system, with a prestige graded system to that of a soldier. The elaborate management system placed the manager at the top, followed by the maître d’hôtel, head waiter, head cook, chef du personnel, other cooks, waiters, laundress, apprentices, the plongeurs (menial tasks in the restaurant), chambermaids and cafetières, in that order. A key feature of hotels was the division of labour from the concierge, who looks after arrivals and departures, to the porter, receptionist, housekeeping, restaurant, the maître …

Culinary Collections In The National Library Of Ireland, Joanne Carroll, Nora Thornton

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

The National Library has been collecting, preserving and making the documentary heritage of Ireland available to the public since 1877 and cares for over 12 million items today. In 1926 it became a legal deposit Library so by law one copy of each book and periodical published in the Republic of Ireland must be deposited here. The NLI also acquires books and manuscripts through purchases, such as auctions or private sales and we receive donations of materials into our collections, from individuals and organisations. The Library is made up of different departments including Published Collections, Special Collections and Digital Collections …

Jennie Moran - How To Soften Corners, Kevin A. Griffin

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

No abstract provided.

Jp Mcmahon - An Irish Food Story: 100 Foods That Made Us, Gabrielle Kathleen Machnik-Kekesi

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

No abstract provided.

Breaking The Mould: The Origins Of Irish Farmhouse Cheese In The Countercultures Of The 1970s And 1980s, Finbar Deery

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

This article examines the origins of farmhouse cheese in Ireland, which began in West Cork in 1974 with the creation of Milleens by Veronica Steele. This new farmhouse cheese industry is an example of food production that had no comparable reference in Ireland at the time. The farmhouse cheese industry is examined as an expression of a growing countercultural movement on the island in the 1970s and 1980s. This paper argues that the re-emergence of small-scale cheese production in Ireland is one expression of broader changes in the country and is both connected to and instrumental in the development of …

The Battle To Brand And Market Irish Beef—1950–73, Declan O'Brien

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

This article examines the controversy around the marketing of Irish beef up to Ireland’s entry into the EEC in 1973. The internal industry wrangle simmered from the birth of the modern processing industry in the 1950s but burst into life following the collapse in beef farmer incomes in the late 1960s. The article will explore how the Department of Agriculture and successive ministers for agriculture sought to navigate a middle line between the conflicting positions of the farm organisations and meat factory owners. While the National Farmers’ Association (NFA) and the Irish Creamery Milk Suppliers’ Association (ICMSA) consistently called for …

Agricultural Extension In Ireland: A Century Of Continuity And Change, Mícheál Ó Fathartaigh, Áine Macken-Walsh, Monica Gorman

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

In 1901, Ireland had the largest publicly funded professional extension service – agricultural scientists helping farmers to farm better – relatively, in the world. Utilising a wide range of historical sources and contemporary data, this paper provides a snapshot of the education and work of Irish advisors and their extension activities then and now. It identifies what has changed and what has not, showing key influences on Ireland’s current advisory services. Education for advisors 100 years ago was characterised by gender segregation, with less capacity and diversity. Continuity in the work of advisors then and now is shown in a …

Why The Irish Don’T Eat Offal, Niall Toner

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

In the past fifty years or so, the diverse and colourful displays of animal offal and organ meats that used to be seen in butchers’ shop windows in Ireland, as well as in the UK and America, have all but disappeared. In Ireland, which has seen a gastronomic renaissance in more recent times, these traditional foodstuffs appear to have been slow to return to our plates. But have offal and organ meats a place in the future of the cuisine, and can the increased consumption of offal and organ meats, produced locally, contribute towards a more sustainable food production system, …

“Add What You Think Proper”: Exploring The Culinary Narrative Of Newbridge House Through The Cobbe Recipe Book (1806–1838) And Archive, Cathal Dowd Smith

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

Newbridge House, in north County Dublin, was built in 1747 by Archbishop of Dublin, Charles Cobbe to designs by prominent architect James Gibbs. Having arrived in Ireland in 1717, acquiring land and ecclesiastical promotion, Cobbe settled in north Dublin and built a house in the Palladian vision for his family. In 1755 his heir and sole surviving son Thomas married Lady Elizabeth ‘Betty’ Beresford, daughter of the 1st earl of Tyrone. Together Thomas and Lady Betty assembled an art collection at Newbridge, extending the house for that purpose. Included in that extension were more bedrooms, but, importantly here, increased servants’ …

The History Of Dublin Coddle And Its Significance As Part Of Ireland’S Intangible Cultural Heritage, Sinéad Mcglynn, Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

Dublin coddle is held in great affection by generations of Dubliners and is a significant cultural identifier, yet to date there has been little or no academic research into its historical origins. Dublin coddle is a divisive dish which appears to be linked with the capital city, with almost tribal associations, where other ‘tribes’ refuse to consume it. This study argues for the inclusion of Dublin coddle-making, a regional dish made with sausages, ham or bacon, potatoes and onions, as part of Ireland’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) as set out by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). …

Food Traditions In The Folklore Of Oíche Shamhna (Halloween): An Exploratory Study Of Food In The Schools’ Collection 1937–39, Caitríona Nic Philibín

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

Oíche Shamhna or Halloween marks the end of the harvest, the beginning of winter and the last of the four Quarter Days of the Irish calendar year. While food is plentiful at this time of year, food specific studies of this feast day are few. Through archival research this paper explores food traditions at Oíche Shamhna found in the Schools’ Collection 1937–’39 (folklore collected from more than 50,000 schoolchildren in Ireland). Analysis of a sample taken from the Collection reveals four main themes: ‘Games,’ ‘Games with Divinations,’ ‘Supernatural,’ and ‘Cakes and dishes in general.’ Within these themes the significance of …

Feasts Of Prestige: Political Hospitality In The Early Irish Sagas Through The Framework Of Dietler’S Commensal Politics, Elizabeth Waters, Elaine Mahon

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

This exploratory article appliesMichael Dietler’s framework of commensal politics to representations of feasting in the early Irish sagas preserved in Irish medieval literature. Although set in a mythic past, the sagas reflect the social and political structures of early medieval Ireland, where feasting was a ritualised means by which social hierarchies were expressed, and political relationships were defined. Dietler’s model centres on three types of feasts: empowering feasts, patron-role feasts, and diacritical feasts, each with defining characteristics that contribute in distinct ways to the social order. Viewed through the interpretive lens of this framework, this study reveals that, similar to …

Editorial, Mairtin Mac Con Iomaire, Dorothy Cashman, Michelle Share

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

No abstract provided.

Cover And Table Of Contents

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

No abstract provided.

Analysing Visitor Perceptions Of Storytelling: The Eileen Gray Exhibition, National Museum Of Ireland, Dublin, Keeva Burns, Jacqui Doyle

International Journal of Tour Guiding and Visitor Attraction Research

Eileen Gray is widely regarded as a pioneer of twentieth century interior and furniture design. An exhibition of her work is on display in the National Museum of Ireland, Collins Barracks, Dublin. This research aims to shed light on the perceptions and experiences of visitors to the museum. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to provide insights into the quality and standard of the museum storytelling in order to generate recommendations for the enhancement of the current visitor experience. A pragmatic approach is taken, utilising both quantitative and qualitative methods of surveys and participant observation. The findings reveal that …

Ijtgr Volume 4 & 5 Table Of Contents, Kevin A. Griffin, Luis Miguel Brito, Glen Farrugia

International Journal of Tour Guiding and Visitor Attraction Research

Table of contents for Volume 4 & 5 of the International Journal of Tour Guiding and Visitor Attraction Research

Genwriter: Reducing Gender Cues In Biographies Through Text Rewriting, Shweta Soundararajan, Sarah Jane Delany

Conference papers

Gendered language is the use of words that indicate an individual’s gender. Though useful in certain context, it can reinforce gender stereotypes and introduce bias, particularly in machine learning models used for tasks like occupation classification. When textual content such as biographies contains gender cues, it can influence model predictions, leading to unfair outcomes such as reduced hiring opportunities for women. To address this issue, we propose GenWriter, an approach that integrates Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) with Large Language Models (LLMs) to rewrite biographies in a way that obfuscates gender while preserving semantic content. We evaluate GenWriter by measuring gender bias …

L2) The Bountiful: Mormon Tourism On Islamic Land? Examining Lds Church Members Intentions Toward Arabia, Kristel A. Kessler

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

The Sultanate of Oman has gathered interest from scholars due to its potential connections to the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (often referred to as the LDS Church or Mormon Church). Discussions have centred around the narrative of prophet Lehi, who constructed a ship to reach the promised land, as described in the Book of Mormon. This account details his journey to a land referred to as "Bountiful" during his exodus from Jerusalem. Recent explorations suggest that Khor Kharfot in the Dhofar region may be the most plausible location of Bountiful and could even contain …

L1) Modern Day Saints And The Production Of Contemporary Pilgrimage Sites: Analysis Of Padre Pio Of San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy And Sai Baba Of Shirdi, India, Kiran A. Shinde

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Places valorised by saints have attracted pilgrimage for a very long time as devotion to saints is a way to achieve both material wellbeing and spiritual growth. Yet, the cult following of modern-day saints in contemporary societies has become a topic for exploration only in recent years (Di Giovine, 2010; Srinivas, 2008). A few excellent hagiographies discuss the material and non-material world created around charismatic modern-day saints (Shepherd, 1986). Adding to this scholarship, this paper aims to explore the creation of contemporary pilgrimage landscape of modern-day saints using a cross-culture comparative analysis. The saints are Padre Pio of San Giovanni …

K2) A Pilgrimage Site As A Votive Offering: The Cases Of The Giant Statues Of Mar Charbel In Faraya And Hammana (Lebanon), Nour Farra Haddad

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Lebanon is located at the extreme east of the Mediterranean Sea and sandwiched between Syria and Israel/Palestine. What make this small country different from the others in the region are the close distances between the mountains, the sea and the green landscapes in the middle of deserted plains as well as its religious diversity with eighteen different communities.

The constant evolution of sacred geography in Lebanon testifies to the importance of Christian and Muslim religious markers in the landscape. The different communities have never stopped developing and building churches, monasteries, mosques, maqams and oratories. We have also seen that in …

K1) Understanding The Role Of Constraints In A Religious Destination - A Text-Mining Approach, Ariadna Gassiot Melian, Silvia Aulet Serrallonga

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Precedents of inclusive tourism research are linked to analyzing the lack of participation of individual in different activities. Consequently, the exclusion of individuals in different experiences because of different reasons was described and addressed. Thus, one of the most important elements in accessible tourism research is tourism constraints. These can be defined as inhibitors and determinants of travel behavior.

It is widely known that individuals with disabilities are disproportionately impacted by constraints (Smith, 1987). These constraints can affect their behavior in multiple ways, such as preventing them from engaging in certain activities (Crawford, Jackson, & Godbey, 1991), influencing their preferences …

K4) Family Pilgrimage To Rome For The Jubilee Year, Kevin A. Griffin, Patrick Donnelly

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

This paper brings together two connected, yet seemingly unrelated strands of research. The first portion of the paper considers the Catholic Jubilee Year, 2025, its significance and related pilgrimage activities that are facilitated in Rome at this important time. The paper briefly outlines the theological and biblical significance of this special year of reconciliation and forgiveness which occurs every 25 years and draws millions of international pilgrims to Rome.

While seemingly entirely different, the second theme to be explored in the paper is the concept of Family Pilgrimage. According to Jenkins and Roszack (2023), the vast majority of pilgrim literature …

K3) Religious Tourism In A Key Textual Perspective: Spiritual Authenticity And Cultural Heritage, Ninfa Pagano, Walter Spezzano Aulet Serrallonga

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Over the last few decades religious tourism has emerged as a growing, relevant sector in international tourism industry. It is estimated that approximately 300 million visitors per year go on pilgrimages and the global number continually increases (Syngh & Bhuyan, 2024).

The purpose of the present study is twofold: first, as major pilgrimage destinations strategically employ tourism discourse (Dann, 1996; Maci, 2020), this paper critically examines English tourism discourse as used on the official website Jubilee 2025. Second, it investigates how religious tourism itineraries, promoted on the website, are discursively framed to engage international visitors (Wodak & Meyer, 2015). Indeed, …

L4) Sacred Or Sold? Balancing Spirituality And Commercialisation In Pilgrimage And Faith-Based Tourism, Tadeja A. Jere Jakulin, Dane Spezzano Munro

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

This study adopts an interpretivist paradigm, framed by systems thinking and grounded in ethnographic methodology, to examine the role of Marian pilgrimage souvenirs in the intersection of faith, commerce, and material culture at the pilgrims’ sites of Malta, Lourdes (France) and Brezje (Slovenia). The choice of these approaches is dictated by the nature of the subject itself: sacred souvenirs are not merely objects but elements within a larger network of belief, ritual, economic structures, and pilgrimage dynamics. An interpretivist approach is necessary to account for the subjective and constructed meanings assigned to these souvenirs by pilgrims, shopkeepers, and religious institutions. …

L3) Do Religious Travels Transform Visitors And Affect Their Psychological Well-Being? A Study On Turkish Pilgrims Visiting Mecca, Nuray A. Turker, Sibel Spezzano Ayyildiz

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Transformational tourism is a concept that emphasizes the personal and spiritual growth that travelers can experience through their journeys, particularly in the context of religious or spiritual trips. Religious journeys can significantly influence travelers, affecting their perspectives, beliefs, and overall life trajectory. These experiences foster reflection, encourage deep immersion, and create a sense of connection to the divine, which can lead to meaningful lifestyle changes. The transformative potential of such trips highlights the importance of understanding tourism not just as leisure activity but as a path to personal and communal development. This research aims to explore the transformative impact of …

J4) Regenerating Responsible Tourism - Conceptual Framework In Context Of Religious And Spiritual Destinations, Tomasz Duda, Anna Gardzinska

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

In the times of global challenges related to excessive tourist activity, environmental degradation, and the commercialization of sites of particular cultural and religious significance, the need for a regenerative approach to tourism is still growing. Responsible tourism, based on the principles of sustainable development and respect for local values, is an important element of this transformation. The aim of this presentation is to develop a conceptual framework for regenerating responsible tourism in the context of religious and spiritual destinations.

The study includes a literature review on responsible tourism, sustainable development, and regenerative management strategies for sacred sites. Based on qualitative …

I1) Territorial Development And Religious Tourism: A Bibliometric Analysis, Salvatore F. Iannolino

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

The connection between religious tourism and territorial development is rooted in the enhancement of places of worship, spiritual itineraries, and local traditions, which serve as catalysts for the socioeconomic and cultural regeneration of regions (Cerutti & Piva, 2015; González-González & Fernández-Álvarez, 2022). This type of tourism is characterized by a strong sense of identity and the ability to activate often-overlooked endogenous resources such as abbeys, sanctuaries, hermitages, and devotional routes (Azevedo, 2021). Promoting this form of tourism within a territory stimulates the local economy through the development of a tailored hospitality system, craftsmanship that caters to the needs of pilgrims, …

I2) Managing And Promoting A Religious Route: A Pilot Project Experience In Sicily (Italy) - The Itinerarium Rosaliae, Susanna F. Gristina

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Religious tourism is a rapidly growing sector with significant economic and cultural impacts worldwide, with 330 million people undertaking religious journeys each year. In Europe, Italy leads in this field, with religious routes playing an essential and expanding role in boosting tourism and local economies, driven by increased interest in spiritual and cultural pathways. Recognising the important contribution of religious paths to economic growth in the areas - often rural - that they pass through, the Italian Ministry of Tourism has allocated funds and created a national catalogue of religious routes to support their maintenance, management, and promotion. This is …

J2) Impact Of Tourism On Corsican’S Religion, Pierre-François Marchiani

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

In the 60s Corsica underwent a transformation with the rise of tourism and a new influx of population. Since then, the importance of tourism on the island has only increased to reach in 2023, 3 millions visitors, for only 350.000 inhabitants, and 39% of the Corsica’s GDP . The sheer volume of visitors is having a real impact on the Corsican way of life, not only economically but also culturally and perhaps religiously. At least that’s what we’re going to question in this communication.

9 out of 10 Corsicans claiming to be Catholic, quite quickly the Church of Corsica took …

J1) Virtual Reality And Multifaith Pilgrimage: Assessing The Impact Of Vr Technology On Religious Tourism Across Different Traditions, Md. Javed Kawsar, Rashed Khan

International Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Conferences

Religious tourism has traditionally been a deeply immersive, physical experience, drawing in millions of pilgrims to sacred sites across different faiths. However, with advancements in Virtual Reality (VR) technology, religious tourism is evolving to offer virtual experiences of these sacred spaces. VR's potential to make sacred journeys more accessible, especially for individuals facing physical, financial, or geopolitical barriers. While VR enhances interfaith understanding and can complement traditional pilgrimages through immersive and educational experiences, it raises critical questions about spiritual authenticity, theological legitimacy, and ethical use. However, VR is not a full replacement for physical pilgrimage due to its limitations in …