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Articles 1681 - 1710 of 1996
Full-Text Articles in Social Work
Purchase Of Service Contracting In The 1990s: Have Expectations Been Met?, Peter M. Kettner, Lawrence L. Martin
Purchase Of Service Contracting In The 1990s: Have Expectations Been Met?, Peter M. Kettner, Lawrence L. Martin
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Privatization and purchase of service contracting (POSC) are generally considered to be two of the most important factors that have helped shape the human service system during the 1970s and 1980s (Gilbert, 1983, 1986; Kammerman, 1983; Demone and Gibelman, 1984, 1989; Weddell, 1986; Kettner and Martin, 1985; Termell, 1987; Rein, 1989). Therefore, as we enter the decade of the 1990s, it would seem both appropriate and worthwhile to reflect on the original expectations for privatization and POSC and to assess the extent to which these expectations have been realized.
Child Care Needs Of Welfare Recipients In Maryland's Welfare Reform Program, Barbara H. Vann, Todd W. Rofuth
Child Care Needs Of Welfare Recipients In Maryland's Welfare Reform Program, Barbara H. Vann, Todd W. Rofuth
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Legislation mandating participation of welfare recipient parents in education and employment and training programs has created increased demand for provision of child care. Providing the most appropriate care for this unique population depends, ideally, on its needs and preferences. This study examines child care needs and preferences of a sample of participants in Maryland's welfare reform employment and training programs. Although care by a relative is most widely used by these respondents, it is not clear that this is the type of care preferred by the majority of respondents. This has important implications for policy decisions regarding child care funding.
Characteristics Of Social Welfare Stasis And Change: A Comparison Of The Characteristics Of Two Child Welfare Agencies In The 1920s, Eve P. Smith
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This article describes and compares two child welfare agencies of the 1920's with regard to qualities that influenced or inhibited their ability to change. While one agency gave up its institution in favor of foster home care and mother's pensions; the other continued to provide only institutional care. Four characteristics may account for the difference. They are the organizations' networks; amount of "sunk costs" associated with change; ideologies and interests of organization leadership and the agencies' "boundary spanning" activities. If further studies confirm these, then we may encourage organizational changes so that contemporary agencies may meet emerging client needs.
From Welfare To Work: Does It Make Sense?, Ann E. Kerlin
From Welfare To Work: Does It Make Sense?, Ann E. Kerlin
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
A great deal of thought and energy currently is being focused on moving welfare recipients off welfare and into the job market. This article reports the results of a study of the work versus welfare choice of women who are limited to the minimum wage job market. Due to the level of the minimum wage, these women face poverty even when working full time. Working often brings them little financial benefit compared to being on welfare, and does not include important benefits such as health coverage for their children. one might ask, then, why women facing this choice would be …
International Migrants Or Welfare Clients: The Selection Of A Master Status For Indochinese Refugees By American Voluntary Agencies, Jeremy Hein
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Government funding of nonprofit organizations is a dominant trend in American social welfare and it has greatly influenced the voluntary agencies resettling Indochinese refugees. Some agencies identify their clients as international migrants from the Third World, but others view them primarily as welfare recipients. These distinctive master statuses lead agencies to provide different services, thus affecting the refugees' initial adaptation to American society. Religiosity, period of creation, links to the welfare state, and international activities shape the selection of a master status for Indochinese refugees.
The Welfare Reservation: A Worst Case Scenario For A Federal Role In Homeless Assistance, Joseph M. Conforti
The Welfare Reservation: A Worst Case Scenario For A Federal Role In Homeless Assistance, Joseph M. Conforti
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
The purpose of the little-known Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987 is stated as "... States, units of local government, and private voluntary organizations have been unable to meet the basic human needs of all the homeless and, in the absence of greater Federal Assistance, will be unable to protect the lives and safety of all the homeless in need of assistance: and the Federal Government has a clear responsibility and an existing capacity to fulfill a more effective and responsible role to meet the basic human needs and to engender respect for the human dignity of the …
An Exploratory Needs Assessment Of Naval Station Long Beach's Transition Assistance Management Program For Naval Personnel, Ruth Ann Vaughan
An Exploratory Needs Assessment Of Naval Station Long Beach's Transition Assistance Management Program For Naval Personnel, Ruth Ann Vaughan
Theses Digitization Project
No abstract provided.
Homeless In Philadelphia: A Qualitative Study Of The Impact Of State Welfare Reform On Individuals, Anthony Halter
Homeless In Philadelphia: A Qualitative Study Of The Impact Of State Welfare Reform On Individuals, Anthony Halter
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Although homelessness is not a new problem, the faces of the homeless are changing. For many, the term "homeless person" conjures up the image of a skid row alcoholic. However, the homeless now include unskilled middle-aged males, the chronically mentally ill, and families (Chaiklin, 1985). The reasons for the amplification of homelessness include unemployment, insufficient low-cost housing, alcohol and/or drug addiction, mental health deinstitutionalization and the inadequacy of community-based services. In addition, advocates for the homeless including Mitch Snyder (1986) and Jan Hagen (1986) have argued that federal and state welfare policy changes have served to shift potentially at-risk populations …
Ideology. Public Policy And Homeless Families, Padmini Gulati
Ideology. Public Policy And Homeless Families, Padmini Gulati
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This paper was originally presented at the session of Ad hoc Committee on Housing and the Built Environment of the World Congress of Sociology held in Madrid. July 1990.
Asset-Based Social Welfare Policy: Homeownership For The Poor, Alice K. Johnson, Michael Sherraden
Asset-Based Social Welfare Policy: Homeownership For The Poor, Alice K. Johnson, Michael Sherraden
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Asset-based social welfare policy is an emerging theme in public policy that focuses on accumulation of wealth rather than on levels of household consumption. In this paper, housing policy is used to illustrate asset-based policy for the poor. Rather than increasing income-based rent subsidies, asset-based housing policy would promote homeownership. Homeownership has played a critical role in the upward mobility of immigrant groups (Bauman, 1987) and the exiting of families from public housing (Fuerst & Williams, 1983). U.S. public policy promotes homeownership for the nonpoor, and we spend quite a lot of money on it. But for the poor, we …
Primary Prevention Of Child Abuse: Is It Really Possible?, Mary K. Rodwell, Donald E. Chambers
Primary Prevention Of Child Abuse: Is It Really Possible?, Mary K. Rodwell, Donald E. Chambers
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Despite the growing interest in child abuse and its prevention, to date no systematic research has been conducted to determine the usefulness of instruments used to identify and predict abuse or neglect. The present study is a review and analysis of predictive instruments of abuse or neglect with the goal of identifying the predictive efficiency of the instruments. Analysis reveals a variety of problems with predictive efficiency, particularly as predicting individual risk of abuse or neglect relates to primary prevention. Implications of the findings and suggestions for practice are discussed.
Service Centers: The Neglected Role Of The Town, Roger A. Lohmann
Service Centers: The Neglected Role Of The Town, Roger A. Lohmann
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
The dichotomy of urban and rural areas does not fit the circumstances of contemporary social life in the United States. Although needy populations redistributed across the social landscape, almost no social service agencies serving rural populations are, or ever have been, located in either urban (city) or rural (countryside) areas. Social agencies serving rural populations are nearly always located in towns. The town is a unique and distinctive rural social, economic and political institution. An adequate approach to conceptualizing rural social work must begin with recognition of one of the fundamental insights of contemporary urban theory: the regional character of …
List: Planned Parenthood Of Northeast Florida, Inc. 1992 Board Of Directors
List: Planned Parenthood Of Northeast Florida, Inc. 1992 Board Of Directors
Saffy Collection - All Textual Materials
A list of the 1992 board of directors and officers.
Special Events And Community Elites: An Exploratory Study, Roger A. Lohmann
Special Events And Community Elites: An Exploratory Study, Roger A. Lohmann
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
Special events are an important phenomenon in the American voluntary sector, both as a form of fundraising activity and as celebrations of the efforts of volunteers and recognition of the importance of causes and problems. This unpublished paper reports on a study of a national sample of elite special events publicized in a national circulation magazine which at the time published a regular feature in each issue highlighting charitable events. Findings profile the kinds of events and beneficiaries identified as special events during the 1980s, before an extensive amount of fundraising research had been done.
The Commons: A Multidisciplinary Approach To Nonprofit Organization, Voluntary Action And Philanthropy, Roger A. Lohmann
The Commons: A Multidisciplinary Approach To Nonprofit Organization, Voluntary Action And Philanthropy, Roger A. Lohmann
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
The task of identifying nonprofit organizations, voluntary action and philanthropy as the principal constituents of a single "sector" within the larger economy, society and polity has been a central challenge for the multidisciplinary paradigm which seems to be emerging in this field. The concepts of the commons and common goods are presented as concepts with important multi-disciplinary implications. The commons is characterized by uncoerced participation, shared purposes and resources, mutuality and fairness and the derivative concept of common goods, as desirable ends which are universal and indivisible within a commons but not necessarily beyond. Taken together, commons and common goods …
The Global Economy And The American Welfare State, Howard Jacob Karger
The Global Economy And The American Welfare State, Howard Jacob Karger
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
The American social welfare state is approaching a crisis because of the global economy. Survival in a new world economy requires corporations to become more efficient, a strategy which leads to a rapidly changing technology, plant shutdowns, and industrial reorganization. To aid corporations, government often curbs taxes to make capital available for investment. These policies can lead to governmental debt, reduced welfare services, a deterioration in the infrastructure, and myriad social problems. This article investigates the effects of the global economy on the American welfare state.
Does Social Security Redistribute Income?: A Tax-Transfer Analysis, Namkee G. Choi
Does Social Security Redistribute Income?: A Tax-Transfer Analysis, Namkee G. Choi
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Despite some forced-savings elements, social security is in reality a taxtransfer system based on pay-as-you-go financing. Using a tax-transfer approach, this paper analyzes the redistributive effects of social security by comparing the 1986 benefit distribution to the retired and disabled population, their dependents, and survivors with the 1986 payroll tax incidence of the working population. Findings indicate that a considerable degree of redistribution occurs from middle- and high-income tax payers to poor and near-poor beneficiaries. The paper also analyzes the demographic characteristics of taxpayers and beneficiaries to measure redistribution among different genders, marital status, age, and racial groups.
War, Peace, And "The System": Three Perspectives, Paul Adams
War, Peace, And "The System": Three Perspectives, Paul Adams
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Social workers have sometimes seen war as part of a larger system and as linked to other forms of violence or social evil. This article considers three kinds of analysis which identify different systems (capitalism, patriarchy, and exterminism), see the links in different ways, and lead to different practical conclusions. Each perspective is examined in terms of its capacity to explain the phenomena it describes and to identify a social change strategy that can eliminate them. It is suggested that social workers may be professionally predisposed to select among these perspectives for reasons other than their explanatory power or strategic …
Focal Point, Volume 05 Number 02, Portland State University. Regional Research Institute
Focal Point, Volume 05 Number 02, Portland State University. Regional Research Institute
Research and Training Center - Focal Point
In this issue of Focal Point we address the special needs of lesbian and gay youth and their families. The United States Department of Health and Human Services' 1989 Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Youth Suicide defines gay and lesbian youth as those who have a primary attraction to members of the same sex for intimate and sexual relationships (4). A variety of explanations have been offered to describe the origins of individual sexual orientation. While homosexuality may involve both elements of nature and nurture, the origins of sexual orientation are generally believed to be established during early …
Social Planning And The Problems Of Old Age, Roger A. Lohmann
Social Planning And The Problems Of Old Age, Roger A. Lohmann
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
This paper includes a review of the evolution of social planning in the context of human services. It also includes an elaboration of nine approaches to social planning for aging services: community planning councils, the aging network, Title XX planning, state health planning, service reorganization initiatives, the national network of policy institutes, long-term care planning and housing planning. The paper concludes with a consideration of social planning technology, including needs assessment, resource analysis, comparison of alternatives, determination of priorities, implementation and evaluation. It concludes that social planning has been a primary tool in the long-term development of new institutions and …
Conservative Welfare Reform Proposals And The Reality Of Subemployment, Robert Sheak, David D. Dabelko
Conservative Welfare Reform Proposals And The Reality Of Subemployment, Robert Sheak, David D. Dabelko
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This article analyzes and critiques conservative welfare proposals and their assumptions. The concept of subemployment is introduced along with relevant data to identify the nature of the job problem in the U.S. since the early 1970s. Particular emphasis is placed upon the magnitude of employment difficulties during the 1980s. The article concludes that without a major job creation component, conservative welfare reforms intensify rather than ameliorate the subsistence living conditions of the poor.
Aging And Social Policy, Roger A. Lohmann
Aging And Social Policy, Roger A. Lohmann
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
Social planning has a long history in social work. It has gone from an early emphasis on community as the modal point to an emphasis on public policy planning at the state and federal levels and recently to an emphasis on organizational issues and initiatives. Social planning has been a primary tool in the long-term development of new institutions and practices brought about by the unprecendented increases in the size of the aged population. Probably the oldest intact social planning systems for aging in most American communities today are the networks of community planning which grew up in the voluntary …
An Examination Of Research Explaining Public Welfare Spending At The State Level, Robert G. Mogull
An Examination Of Research Explaining Public Welfare Spending At The State Level, Robert G. Mogull
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
A large body of research has examined the determinants of welfare spending at various jurisdictional levels. This paper takes stock of the accomplishments of these studies within a limited framework. Primary socioeconomic and political factors are surveyed and reviewed with respect to their explanatory association with appropriations for public welfare at the level of states.
Foreword: Managing Contracted Services In The Nonprofit Agency, By Susan Bernstein, Roger A. Lohmann
Foreword: Managing Contracted Services In The Nonprofit Agency, By Susan Bernstein, Roger A. Lohmann
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
Susan Bernstein's qualitative research of the New York City system of social service contracting between public and nonprofit organizations offers a unique and troubling look at the system of social service contracting.
The Executive Director As Keeper Of The Past, Roger A. Lohmann
The Executive Director As Keeper Of The Past, Roger A. Lohmann
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
This paper outlines a rationale for the materials which ought to be preserved by executives of local agencies, identifies some of the legal issues involved in record keeping for historical issues and resources available at local and state levels and discusses access issues.
Permanency Planning And The Child Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act: The Paradox Of Child Welfare Policy, Mary Ann Jimenez
Permanency Planning And The Child Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act: The Paradox Of Child Welfare Policy, Mary Ann Jimenez
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974 and the Adoptions Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 have imposed conflicting mandates on the public child welfare system. CAPTA places the moral weight of the federal government behind professional intervention with troubled families, while the Adoptions Assistance Act was designed to protect the autonomy of families. As these policies currently stand, the goal of protection of vulnerable children is seriously undermined.
The Repertory Of Social Care Of The Elderly, Roger A. Lohmann
The Repertory Of Social Care Of The Elderly, Roger A. Lohmann
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
This paper is an analysis of aspects of the emergence of a repertory of social care services for the elderly from the vantage point of the common theory of voluntary action. One facet of that theory, labeled here as endowment theory, is an emerging rational choice model of the praxeological implications of voluntary action within the pragmatic problem-solving tradition. Three terms – endowment, repertory and commons – are presented in the paper as terms whose conventional meanings contain previously undisclosed connotations relevant to a fuller understanding of voluntary action.
The New Christian Right, Social Policy And The Welfare State, James Midgley
The New Christian Right, Social Policy And The Welfare State, James Midgley
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
While the campaigns of the New Christian Right on abortion, affirmative action, school prayer and other issues have been well documented, little is known about the movement's attitude towards state welfare programs. Identifying three distinctive sources of fundamentalist antipathy to the welfare state, this paper seeks to draw attention to interesting although unconventional ideas about social welfare that should be recognized and understood by scholars concerned with the study of social policy.
The Demise Of The Catastrophic Coverage Act: A Reflection Of The Inability Of Congress To Respond To Changing Needs Of The Elderly And Their Families, Linda Boise
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This paper considers the recent demise of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988 in the context of the needs of the elderly and their families. Although the surtax imposed on middle and upper income elderly was the ostensible reason for the anger this Act generated among the elderly, other factors related to the concerns and needs of the elderly and of their families also prevented it from being supported. This article discusses the characteristics of the Catastrophic Coverage Act as a continuation of the historical bias of Medicare in favor of acute medical care and as an effort by …
Discipline And Pacification In The Modern Administrative State: The Case Of Social Welfare Fraud, Alec Pemberton
Discipline And Pacification In The Modern Administrative State: The Case Of Social Welfare Fraud, Alec Pemberton
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Foucault and Giddins emphasise the power of the modern "Administrative State", arguing that we now have at our disposal an enormous bureaucratic machinery for processing and controlling various problematical human behaviours. Australian data on fraud of the social welfare system are examined to throw light on Foucault's and Giddens' views. Figures relating to prosecution for fraud of both the Unemployment and Supporting Parents Benefits system in the last six years throw some doubt on the concept of a vastly powerful "Administrative State apparatus.'" Certainly a massive state bureaucracy has been established to apprehend cheats, yet the data show consistently that …