Science and Technology Studies Commons^™

Description Logic Programs: Normal Forms, Pascal Hitzler, Andreas Eberhart

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

The relationship and possible interplay between different knowledge representation and reasoning paradigms is a fundamental topic in artificial intelligence. For expressive knowledge representation for the Semantic Web, two different paradigms - namely Description Logics (DLs) and Logic Programming - are the two most successful approaches. A study of their exact relationships is thus paramount. An intersection of OWL with (function-free non-disjunctive) Datalog, called DLP (for Description Logic Programs), has been described in [1,2]. We provide normal forms for DLP in Description Logic syntax and in Datalog syntax, thus providing a bridge for the researcher and user who is familiar with …

Comparing Disjunctive Well-Founded Semantics, Matthias Knorr, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

While the stable model semantics, in the form of Answer Set Programming, has become a successful semantics for disjunctive logic programs, a corresponding satisfactory extension of the well-founded semantics to disjunctive programs remains to be found. The many current proposals for such an extension are so diverse, that even a systematic comparison between them is a challenging task. In order to aid the quest for suitable disjunctive well-founded semantics, we present a systematic approach to a comparison based on level mappings, a recently introduced framework for characterizing logic programming semantics, which was quite successfully used for comparing the major semantics …

Any-World Access To Owl From Prolog, Tobias Matzner, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

The W3C standard OWL provides a decidable language for representing ontologies. While its use is rapidly spreading, efforts are being made by researchers worldwide to augment OWL with additional expressive features or by interlacing it with other forms of knowledge representation, in order to make it applicable for even further purposes. In this paper, we integrate OWL with one of the most successful and most widely used forms of knowledge representation, namely Prolog, and present a hybrid approach which layers Prolog on top of OWL in such a way that the open-world semantics of OWL becomes directly accessible within the …

The Programmable Web: Agile, Social, And Grassroots Computing, E. Michael Maximilien, Ajith Harshana Ranabahu

Kno.e.sis Publications

Web services, the semantic Web, and Web 2.0 are three somewhat separate movements trying to make the Web a programmable substrate. While each has achieved some level of success on their own right, it is becoming apparent that the grassroots approach of the Web 2.0 is gaining greater success than the other two. In this paper we analyze each movement, briefly describing its main traits, and outlining its primary assumptions. We then frame the common problem of achieving a programmable Web within the context of distributed computing and software engineering and then attempt to show why Web 2.0 is closest …

Sa-Rest And (S)Mashups: Adding Semantics To Restful Services, Jonathan Lathem, Karthik Gomadam, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

The evolution of the Web 2.0 phenomenon has led to the increased adoption of the RESTful services paradigm. RESTful services often take the form of RSS/Atom feeds and AJAX based light weight services. The XML based messaging paradigm of RESTful services has made it possible to compose various services together. Such compositions of RESTful services is widely referred to as Mashups. In this paper, we outline the limitations in current approaches to creating mashups. We address these limitations by proposing a framework called as SA-REST. SA-REST adds semantics to RESTful services. Our proposed framework builds upon the original ideas in …

Rising To The Challenge: Integrating Social Science Into Nsf Environmental Observatories, Shalini Vajjhala, Alan Krupnick, Eleanor Mccormick, Morgan Grove, Patricia Mcdowell, Charles Redman, Leonard Shabman, Mitchell Small

Long Term Ecological Research Network

In early 2006, following meetings of the CLEANER (Collaborative Large-Scale Engineering Analysis Network for Environmental Research) Social Science Committee and Executive Committee, plans were developed for a workshop on improving social science integration into CLEANER and other NSF Environmental Observatories (EOs). This effort was motivated by the realization that first, social, behavioral, and economic science theory and research were centrally important to resolving the major "grand challenge" questions being addressed by the observatories, and second, more coordinated research efforts across social science, natural science, and engineering disciplines were necessary to "rise to these challenges."

This report is the product of …

Engaging The Spirit 2007: Topscholar™: Creating Information Possibilities, Connie Foster

TopSCHOLAR® Presentations and Reports

TopSCHOLAR™ is “The Database of Research and Creative Activity of Western Kentucky University.” It offers permanency, durability, and accessibility for discovering and storing content, such as articles, theses, conference papers, working papers, creative writing, and many other intellectual efforts of the University. TopSCHOLAR™ is indexed by Google Scholar and other metadata indexers. Each “deposit” has a permanent URL TopSCHOLAR™ supplements and complements existing information resources, and offers a publishing and archival opportunity where none existed before at one central web site.

Sensor Data Management, Cory Andrew Henson

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

Csi Revisited: The Science Of Forensic Dna Analysis, Michael L. Raymer

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

Trailblazing, Complex Hypothesis Evaluation, Abductive Reasoning And Semantic Web - Exploring Possible Synergy, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

Relationship Web: Spinning The Semantic Web From Trailblazing To Complex Hypothesis Evaluation, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

Space Adaptation: Privacy-Preserving Multiparty Collaborative Mining With Geometric Perturbation, Keke Chen, Ling Liu

Kno.e.sis Publications

The service-oriented infrastructure has become popular for collaboratively mining data distributed over organizations [3], where the participants are the data providers who submit their perturbed datasets to the designated data mining service provider (the data miner) for mining commonly interested models.

Semantic Web: Promising Technologies And Current Applications In Health Care & Life Sciences, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

Efficient Computation Of Iceberg Cubes By Bounding Aggregate Functions, Xiuzhen Zhang, Pauline Lienhua Chou, Guozhu Dong

Kno.e.sis Publications

The iceberg cubing problem is to compute the multidimensional group-by partitions that satisfy given aggregation constraints. Pruning unproductive computation for iceberg cubing when nonantimonotone constraints are present is a great challenge because the aggregate functions do not increase or decrease monotonically along the subset relationship between partitions. In this paper, we propose a novel bound prune cubing (BP-Cubing) approach for iceberg cubing with nonantimonotone aggregation constraints. Given a cube over n dimensions, an aggregate for any group-by partition can be computed from aggregates for the most specific n--dimensional partitions (MSPs). The largest and smallest aggregate values computed this way become …

Semantics To Energize The Full Services Spectrum: Ontological Approach To Better Exploit Services At Technical And Business Levels, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

Services are pervasive in today’s economic landscape, and services- based architectures are being rapidly adopted as IT infrastructure. The need to take a broader perspective of services to include people and organizational descriptions as opposed to technical interface descriptions has already been recognized as part of an overall vision of services science [46, 100]. This article describes the Semantic Services Science (3S) model, which seeks to demonstrate the essential benefits of semantics in view of the broader vision of services science by using service descriptions that capture technical, human, organizational, and business value aspects. We assert that ontology-based semantic modeling …

Cognitive Load And Classroom Teaching: The Double-Edged Sword Of Automaticity, David F. Feldon

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications

Research in the development of teacher cognition and teaching performance in K–12 classrooms has identified consistent challenges and patterns of behavior that are congruent with the predictions of dual-process models of cognition. However, cognitive models of information processing are not often used to synthesize these results. This article reviews findings from the research on teaching and teacher education through the lens of a dual-process model and emphasizes the role that cognitive load plays in driving teaching performance. Data reflecting the salience of automaticity and its relationship with cognitive overload are highlighted, and implications for teacher preparation and inservice training strategies …

Quo Vadis, Cs? – On The (Non)-Impact Of Conceptual Structures On The Semantic Web, Sebastian Rudolph, Markus Krotzsch, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Conceptual Structures is a field of research which shares abstract concepts and interests with recent work on knowledge representation for the Semantic Web. However, while the latter is an area of research and development which is rapidly expanding in recent years, the former fails to participate in these developments on a large scale. In this paper, we attempt to stimulate the Conceptual Structures community to catch the Semantic Web train.

A Semantic Framework For Identifying Events In A Service Oriented Architecture, Karthik Gomadam, Ajith Harshana Ranabahu, Lakshmish Ramaswamy, Amit P. Sheth, Kunal Verma

Kno.e.sis Publications

We propose a semantic framework for automatically identifying events as a step towards developing an adaptive middleware for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Current related research focuses on adapting to events that violate certain non-functional objectives of the service requestor. Given the large of number of events that can happen during the execution of a service, identifying events that can impact the non-functional objectives of a service request is a key challenge. To address this problem we propose an approach that allows service requestors to create semantically rich service requirement descriptions, called semantic templates. We propose a formal model for expressing …

Relationship Web: Realizing The Memex Vision With The Help Of Semantic Web, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

Relationship Web takes us from "which document" could have information I need to "what's in the resources" that gives me the insight and knowledge I need for decision making. Dr. Vannevar Bush outlined his vision for Memex in a 1945 Atlantic Monthly article [1]. Describing how the human brain navigates an information space in what he called trailblazing, Dr. Bush said, "It operates by association. With one item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain." …

The Value Of Marine Institutions: An Economic Survey Of Marine Research And Education Institutions In Monterey And Santa Cruz Counties, Judith T. Kildow Dr, Nathaniel Miller

Publications

It is recognized that ocean and coastal areas of the United States contribute significantly to our nation’s overall economy. What is not completely understood is the extent to and manner in which our economy benefits from the wide range of marine and coastal activities. One area of the ocean economy that has not been collectively measured or examined is the contribution of marine research and education institutions. The goal of the project was to create a prototype strategy at a local level for collecting data at a national level, in order to create an economic sector of these institutions and …

Semantics To Empower Services Science: Using Semantics At Middleware, Web Services And Business Levels, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

International Symposium On Technology And Society Program, David M. Hassenzahl

International Symposium on Technology and Society

Conference program

Editorial: Serials Review, A Changing World, You And I, Connie Foster

DLTS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Runtime Support Of Speculative Optimization For Offline Escape Analysis, Kevin Cleereman, Michelle Cheatham, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan

Kno.e.sis Publications

Escape analysis can improve the speed and memory efficiency of garbage collected languages by allocating objects to the call stack, but an offline analysis will potentially interfere with dynamic class loading and an online analysis must sacrifice precision for speed. We describe a technique that permits the safe use of aggressive, speculative offline escape analysis in programs potentially loading classes that violate the analysis results.

Paraconsistent Resolution For Four-Valued Description Logics, Yue Ma, Pascal Hitzler, Zuoquan Li

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we propose an approach to translating any ALC ontology (possible inconsistent) into a logically consistent set of disjunctive datalog rules. We achieve this in two steps: First we give a simple way to make any ALC based ontology 4-valued satisfiable, and then we study a sound and complete paraconsistent ordered-resolution decision procedure for our 4-valued ALC. Our approach can be viewed as a paraconsistent version of KAON2 algorithm.

Measuring Inconsistency For Description Logics Based On Paraconsistent Semantics, Yue Ma, Guilin Qi, Pascal Hitzler, Zuoquan Lin

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we propose an approach for measuring inconsistency in inconsistent ontologies. We first define the degree of inconsistency of an inconsistent ontology using a four-valued semantics for the description logic ALC. Then an ordering over inconsistent ontologies is given by considering their inconsistency degrees. Our measure of inconsistency can provide important information for inconsistency handling.

Foundations Of Refinement Operators For Description Logics, Jens Lehmann, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

In order to leverage techniques from Inductive Logic Programming for the learning in description logics (DLs), which are the foundation of ontology languages in the Semantic Web, it is important to acquire a thorough understanding of the theoretical potential and limitations of using refinement operators within the description logic paradigm. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study which analyses desirable properties such operators should have. In particular, we show that ideal refinement operators in general do not exist, which is indicative of the hardness inherent in learning in DLs. We also show which combinations of desirable properties are theoretically …

A Refinement Operator Based Learning Algorithm For The Alc Description Logic, Jens Lehmann, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

With the advent of the Semantic Web, description logics have become one of the most prominent paradigms for knowledge representation and reasoning. Progress in research and applications, however, faces a bottleneck due to the lack of available knowledge bases, and it is paramount that suitable automated methods for their acquisition will be developed. In this paper, we provide the first learning algorithm based on refinement operators for the most fundamental description logic ALC. We develop the algorithm from thorough theoretical foundations and report on a prototype implementation.

Seminal Barriers To Female High School Students’ Choice Of Information Technology As A Career Alternative, Donna M. Grant

College of Computing and Digital Media Dissertations

The under-representation of women in the IT profession is a well-known Information Systems phenomenon. Unlike the other sciences and mathematics, where the percentage of women receiving bachelor’s degrees has increased over the past two decades, the percentage of women obtaining degrees in technology has decreased. Information Technology started strong in 1984 with 37.06% women receiving bachelor’s degrees; however, 2004 brought a decrease to a low of 25.05%, near the level of three decades earlier. The consequences of this under-representation include non-diverse IT solutions, a predicted IT workforce shortage, and the United States losing its ability to participate as a fervent …

Selecting Labels For News Document Clusters, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Trivikram Immaneni, Mastan Vali Shaik

Kno.e.sis Publications

This work deals with determination of meaningful and terse cluster labels for News document clusters. We analyze a number of alternatives for selecting headlines and/or sentences of document in a document cluster (obtained as a result of an entity-event-duration query), and formalize an approach to extracting a short phrase from well-supported headlines/sentences of the cluster that can serve as the cluster label. Our technique maps a sentence into a set of significant stems to approximate its semantics, for comparison. Eventually a cluster label is extracted from a selected headline/sentence as a contiguous sequence of words, resuscitating word sequencing information lost …