Terrorism Studies Commons^™

Alternate Warfare: The Unseen Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Elyse Keener

Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy

Biological warfare is a national security concern that transcends centuries. In the current international climate, biowarfare is of particular interest due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article seeks to follow historical cases of biological warfare and international response to these cases in order to understand the implications of COVID-19, if it were to be weaponized. Also covered is the current capabilities that Russia, China, and Iran are assessed to possess.

The Culture Of Violent Talk: An Interpretive Approach, Peter Simi, Steven Windisch

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

One of the defining characteristics of extremist movements is the adherence to an ideology highly antagonistic to the status quo and one that permits or explicitly promotes the use of violence to achieve stated goals and to address grievances. For members of extremist groups, talk is one of the most concrete manifestations of how adherents communicate their ideas to each other and the general public. These discussions, however, do not necessarily involve a direct correspondence between words and future behavior. To better understand the culture of violent talk, we investigate how white supremacist extremists use these discussions as a rhetorical …

“This Is A Game”: A History Of The Foreign Terrorist Organization And State Sponsors Of Terrorism Lists And Their Applications, Melissa Sanford

History in the Making

Following the post-September 11 United States reconfiguration of foreign policy, the use of the State Department’s Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) and State Sponsors of Terrorism (SST) lists and related news media coverage dramatically increased. Considering the gravity of such designations, both because of the potentially devastating economic ramifications in the form of sanctions and as negative P.R., it is imperative to examine the historical use and application of these lists. This paper seeks to help better determine the legitimacy of being designated on either of these lists through the analysis of two entities that have experienced listing: the Mujahedeen-e Khalq …

Coordination Of Inter-Agency Action For Nuclear Security In Uganda, Richard Sseggane

International Journal of Nuclear Security

Despite the dynamic threats to the nuclear security of the East and Central African region, and the decision of the Government of Uganda to embark on a nuclear power programme, there was not much put in place as a coordination and cooperation mechanisms among the stakeholders in the nuclear security activities.

This work confirmed the need in Uganda for the major nuclear security stakeholder agencies with roles and mandates for nuclear security including the regulator, security and intelligence agencies, police, border control, transport control, customs agencies and others to work together as necessary in the different nuclear security activities in …

Challenges And Opportunities For Sharing Threat Information With Radioactive Materials Operators, Raphael Duguay

International Journal of Nuclear Security

Operators are required to implement security measures to address requirements set by the regulatory body or competent authority. These security requirements are generally based on the national threat level and information provided by the relevant law enforcement authority, intelligence agencies and other relevant stakeholders. However, not all States can share this information with radioactive materials holders (e.g., operators), especially if they take a more prescriptive approach to regulation on security. The same situation often exists when a performance-based approach is used because there are multiple barriers that restrict the competent authority from sharing threat information. For example, competent authorities need …

Narrative For Terrorism And Transnationalism Isistheology Through The Doctrine Of Religion, Muhammad Luthfi Zuhdi, Imam Khomaeni Hayatullah

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Acts of terrorism seem to never run out of Indonesia, from independence to the present day. Including the ideals of the establishment of an "Islamic State" that gave rise to a new wave of terrorism. The JAD group affiliated with ISIS clearly states that the Indonesian republic is Thogut, so it is haram to be obedient to it, and they commit an act of terror some time ago. ISIS cleverly uses religious propositions to recruit new members. The verses of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet became his legitimacy. The concept of Hijra, Necrophilia and millenarism became the …

Less Than Half Of Racially-Motivated Homicides Result In Official Hate Crime Charges, Jeff Gruenewald, Katie Ratcliff

Research Projects

Background: On February 23, 2020, Ahmaud Arbery, a 25-year-old Black man, was gunned down while jogging near his Georgia home. Portions of the physical altercation were caught on camera by one of the three men charged in the murder. The shooter reportedly uttered a racial epithet at Arbery as he lay in the street dying. Georgia is one of the four states without hate crime laws in the United states, but the FBI is currently investigating the shooting as a potential hate crime.

Pedagogical Philisophy And Education In The Middle East And Central Asia (Ix-Xii Centuries), Baxrom Maxamadxodjaev

The Light of Islam

The article describes the period of the rapid development of education and culture in the Middle East and Central Asia in the IX-XII centuries. At this time, the ideas of the great thinkers Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Ahmad al-Ferghani, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Abu Rayhan al-Beruni, Ibn Iraq developed, which opened the way to a widespread of science and education in Europe.

Islamic culture has grown based on interconnected cultures of the countries of the Arab caliphate, Byzantium, India, and China. The Arab conquest did not mean a complete break with the cultural and pedagogical traditions of Hellenism and …

The Social-Political Situation In Central Asia On The Eve Of The Advent Of Islam, Ziyodilla Ziynatullayev

The Light of Islam

The article discusses the strategic importance of Central Asia in the Middle Ages, the processes of the invasion of Turkic tribes, and its inclusion in the Turkic Kaganate. The Ephthalite Empire, which ruled Central Asia for almost a century, collapsed as a result of the attack of the Turkic clans. A management system based on nomadic traditions was created in the country: new orders and positions were introduced.

Although the states of Central Asia were vassals of the West Turkic Kaganate, they possessed a certain degree of internal independence. Without a centralized authority in the region, they developed in the …

From History Of Malaysien Education System, Dilafruz Turdiyeva

The Light of Islam

The article is devoted to the reforms in the field of higher education in the countries of Southeast Asia, which allows these countries to gain a leading position in the modern world. It should be noted that domestic studies on this topic are not enough.

Particular attention is paid to the study of the education system during the period of British colonization, as well as after the Second World War and during the independence of Malaysia.

The Malaysian Government’s Vision 2020 project clearly outlines the importance of studying religion as an integral component of secondary education. An attempt was made …

The Strategy Of The Object Conditions And Sub-Factors In The Development Of Civil Society In Uzbekistan, Mirsulton Kadirov

The Light of Islam

The article analyzes the factors of free civil society, restoration of the secular state in Uzbekistan. To date, the principles, legal foundations of the state and civil society of legal democracy, which are being restored in our country, have been developed and studied in support of our people. Local and foreign non-governmental, non-profit organizations and other institutions of civil society operating in our country today are shown in the discrete manner of trying to conduct business in accordance with new needs and requirements.

The article also draws conclusions about the fact that the impact of non-profit organizations and other institutions …

The Importance Of Regulating The Relationship Between The State And Religion In Ensuring The Stability Of Society, Mukhammadolim Mukhammadsidiqov

The Light of Islam

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the wave of socio-political transformations that began in December 2010 in Tunisia and Algeria, called the “Arab Spring”, was a phenomenon caused by a difficult internal situation, as well as internal and external factors that triggered these events.

The article examines the degree of influence of political Islam on the processes of modernization, geopolitics, as well as socio-political development, including the need to create a scientific basis for regulating religious relations in Arab African countries, which have become a source of instability. In this context, political processes in North Africa and …

The Influence Of A Religious Factor On The Political System Of Egypt Before “Arab Spring”, Shukhrat Yovkochev

The Light of Islam

The article is devoted to the influence of the Islamic factor on the political system of modern Egypt. It analyzes the struggle of political forces, parties, and the Islamic opposition to achieve political power, as well as the methods and means of this struggle. The article covers the period of the late XX– early XXI century, the period of the reign of President Hosni Mubarak. Particular attention is paid to the tactics and strategies of the leader of the Islamic opposition in Egypt - the Muslim Brotherhood organization, which has long-standing political and historical roots, extensive experience in the underground …

Analisis Intelijen Potensi Konflik Dan Kekerasan Di Johar Baru Dalam Perspektif Ancaman Wilayah Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta, Iwan Freddy Manalu

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Conflicts brawl into a very intensive occurrence occurred in the district Johar Baru, DKI Jakarta. The brawlers are from teenagers forming a brawl gang. Through using qualitative research method, we began to know the mapping of conflict and the collective behavior as an action and reaction from conflict condition in Johar Baru sub-district comprehensively by intelligence analysis. Several factors trigger the occurrence of conflicts, especially social, economic and political factors make the brawl into one of the activities that belong to deviate from social norms and occur in a sustainable manner. In fact, it is alleged that the perpetuation of …

Terobosan Penegakan Hukum Dalam Menangani Ancaman New Psychoactive Substance (Nps) : Adopsi Ketentuan Hukum Internasional, Christiana Christiana, Andriani Mutia, Anisya Ramdlonaning, Slamet Fatrika

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) is a substance that is deliberately made in such a way that it has effects similar to Narcotics and psychotropics which pose a threat both globally, regionally and which are harmful to health and can cause social and economic problems with a decrease in the number of productive ages due to or premature death. The development of the NPS which is indicative of transnational organized crime to evade regulation. NPS in Indonesia is also a serious threat as indicated by the number of NPS currently circulating as many as 84 types and the number of confiscations …

Failed And Foiled Islamic Terrorist Plots Targeting Military Personnel In The United States Since 9/11, Jeff Gruenewald

Research Projects

Background: On May 21, 2020, Navy police officers interrupted a terrorismrelated incident by neutralizing a 20-year old gunman who opened fire on military personnel at an entrance gate outside of the Naval Air Station Corpus Christi in Texas. One sailor was injured before the gunman was killed by Naval police officers.

Strategi Indonesia Menghadapi Era Konstalasi Low Earth Orbit Satelit Dalam Kemungkinan Penggunannya Oleh Intelijen Asing Sebagai Alat Spionase, Ariesta Satryoko, Arthur Josias Simon Runturambi

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

This study aims to find out how the strategies that can be carried out by Indonesia in dealing with the era of low earth orbit (LEO) constellations in their possible use by foreign intelligence as espionage tools. The era of LEO satellite constellation is a technological development that can help human activities. However, the LEO satellite also has the potential to be used as an espionage tool that aims to obtain more in-depth information from a country. This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis methods by collecting data from literature studies, interviews, and online searches. Analysis of Indonesia's strategy that can …

Kontra Intelijen Aksi Spionase Siber Terhadap Anggota Democratic National Committee Menjelang Pemilihan Presiden As Tahun 2016, Basuki Erwin Setiyadi, Makmur Keliat

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

This research is a case study of cyber espionage conducted against the member of Democratic National Committee (DNC) towards the 2016 US presidential election, caused Hillary Clinton's email leaked and published by WikiLeaks. It indicates the intelligence activities have entered into cyberspace and can disrupt the national ressilience, so it is necessary to do counterintelligence as an effort to maintain the cyber security. This research uses qualitative approach, data collected from interviews and literature study. The purposes of this research are (1) to determine the threat level of cyber espionage conducted against DNC, (2) counterintelligence methods against the threat, (3) …

Taking Terrorists At Their Word: Testing The Co-Religionist Hypothesis In Islamic State Propaganda, Joel Elliott

Doctor of International Conflict Management Dissertations

This dissertation operates on the idea that, as conflict researchers, we can look to Islamic State’s (referred to from here on as ‘Daesh’) own recruitment propaganda to identify the best people to counter Daesh’s violent rhetoric. This project analyzes Daesh’s main print publication, Dabiq, to catalogue and classify the types of people and institutions Daesh targets most, and which types of arguments Daesh uses to attack those targets. It uses this information to test the Co-Religionist Hypothesis, which predicts that the most effective peaceful interveners in a religious conflict will be of the same religion as the belligerents. Conventional …

Piety And Mayhem: How Extremist Groups Misuse Religious Doctrine To Condone Violence And Achieve Political Goals, Noah Garber

Religious Studies Honors Papers

This thesis examines the way in which various groups have used religion as a justification for violent action towards political ends. From the Irgun, which carried out terrorist acts in Palestine, to the Palestinian Islamist organization Hamas, which has waged war on Israel, to the Buddhist leadership of Myanmar, which has waged a genocidal campaign against Rohingya Muslims living in the country, these groups have employed a narrow interpretation of their religious texts as a means to justify the actions they take. It is explained that it is not the compulsion of religious doctrine itself that is to blame, rather, …

Extreme Ideologies, Situational Factors, And Terrorists’ Target Selection, Evan Mudgett

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the current study is to examine how ideology and situational factors shape terrorist target selection in the United States. While a growing number of studies have examined target selection by terrorists, the current study is the first to consider how combinations of factors present situated opportunities for terrorists to select particular types of targets as opposed to others. Guided by the situational crime prevention approach, this study relies on data from the American Terrorism Study (ATS) to measure attributes of incidents perpetrated by far-right and Islamic extremists and target selection. The outcomes of interest include government versus …

Asymmetric Threats: Analyzing The Future Of Nuclear Terrorism & Cyber Attacks; The Value Of Deterrence Theory For Addressing The Challenges Of Nuclear Terrorism In The Age Of 21st Century Cybersecurity, Oliver Demmert-Shelfo

Political Science & International Studies | Senior Theses

Given the rapid development and ease of access to technology, the threat of extremist organizations utilizing cyberspace as a means to target critical American strategic infrastructure is of increasing concern. The risk posed by the acquisition of fissile material, sabotage, or use of a nuclear device by an extremist organization has been exasperated due to technological development outpacing strategy. Despite policy-makers’ attempts to protect the public from cyber-attacks and nuclear terrorism, the federal policies in place have failed to account for the continual evolution of technology and the gaps in security that this advancement brings. Through examining documents from congressional …

Dyregrov, Raundalen, And Yules' "What Is Terrorism? A Book To Help Parents, Teachers And Other Grown-Ups Talk With Kids About Terror" (Book Review), Xin "Lucy" Bai

The Christian Librarian

No abstract provided.

Model Penanggulangan Terorisme Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Efektifitas Sinergitas Militer Dan Kepolisian Di Poso Tahun 2016, Agus Kartomo, Arthur Josias Simon Runturambi

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Counter-terrorism is responsibility among citizen in the “Sishankamrata” doctrine. The police and military are the main elements in “Sishankamrata”. The first purpose of this study is to analyze how best practiced democratic countries to deal with terrorism, the second goal is to test how effective the synergy of the police and military in counter-terrorism. Operation Tinombala is as a case study which law enforcement operation against terrorism in Poso in 2016. This research uses qualitative methods and primary data collected from interviews to Tinombala’s members, secondary data is collected from books and open source news. The results showed that in …

Ketahanan Individu Pemuda Dengan Hiv Serta Implikasinya Terhadap Demografi Indonesia, Muhammad Zuchri Nasuha Lubis, Muhammad Syaroni Rofii Mr.

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

This study analyzes the individual resilience of young HIV patients at the Teratai Clinic, Community Health Center, Kebayoran Lama District, South Jakarta City and influences it on Indonesian demographics. This study specifically aims to examine the condition of individual resilience of young HIV patients at the Teratai Clinic, Community Health Center, Kebayoran Lama District, South Jakarta City and the accompanying factors. Then the condition of individual resilience will have implications for the demographics of Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative method which is analyzed based on observations of the facts and phenomena found. Sources of data in this study …

Preventing School Shootings: The Interprofessional And Community Approach To Prevention, Heather C. Alonge, Constant P. Craig

Journal of Sustainable Social Impact

This essay examined the issue of school shootings within the United States, to include a literature review and analysis of the current status of the issue on a national level. From the review and analysis, the essay provides the multidisciplines engaged in school safety issues with viable, workable, and quickly implementable solutions to address this serious national issue at the local school district and even school level of implementation. This analysis examined a multidiscipline and multiprofessional community approach using existing federal guidelines that address actionable intelligence (social media and human information/informants), school design and incorporation of safety and protective features, …

Ombudsman Way : Jalan Menuju Perbaikan Pelayanan Publik, Adrianus Meliala

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

As external oversight institution, Ombudsman Republic of Indonesia has 4 (four) unique and specific authorities. Besides undertaking mediation, conciliation and adjudication, delivery of recommendation/suggestion fulfill performance of Ombudsman Republic of Indonesia as endorsed by its law. This institution offers a non-legal and conflict-resolution mechanism pursuing solution to member of the public who do not satisfy with quality of public service delivered by whether central or local government. Key words: ombudsman, mediation, conciliation, adjudication, recommendation

Casablanca Bombings, Preventing Violent Extremism, Imam Training Program, Commander Of The Faithful, Religious Pluralism, Rachel Macnow

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Following the 2003 Casablanca Bombings in Morocco there was an increased concern in protecting the physical and spiritual security of the nation. The state immediately responded by issuing a large crackdown on Salafists where many were arrested, imprisoned, and deprived of their rights. Due to the rise of extremist rhetoric in the mosques, particularly in rural and impoverished areas, the state also responded by closing any mosques they deemed to not be promoting moderate Islam and removed their imams. Out of this, a Preventing Violent Extremism Program was created that was composed of security and religious-based policies. The security policies …

The Efficacy Of Foreign Aid In Counterterrorism Efforts, Carter A. Hanson

Student Publications

A literature review investigating the effectiveness of foreign aid in countering terrorism, and donor countries' motivations to allocate foreign aid with the stated goal of combating terrorist insurgencies in recipient nations. In the post-9/11 period, the United States has increasingly invested in counterterrorism efforts, making the assessment and examination of the effectiveness of these efforts all the more important for American policymakers and citizens alike.

Interethnic Harmony As A Factor In Combating Ideological Threats In The Context Of Globalization, Mohira Toshbekova

The Light of Islam

Peoplies interest to islam has been resing constantly now. Unfortunately there are a few who have been trying to vas troly islami a view as their vilorent political aims. They threat not oney our piece and independence, but also purity of Islam religion. Wicked purpose and destroying ideas of exstremistic groups always make us be careful and warned. Nowadays people are living with the fear of being murder terrorism. Global changes, different information technology attack and ideological theats encourage us to keep awareness in this threatening world.

Leading helthy social-religions atmosphere, larning heritage at the past and agitating of national …