Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

Thoughts On Systematic Layout Of Strengthening National Strategic Scientific And Technological Power, Guangzu Bai, Xiaoyang Cao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Strengthening the national strategic science and technology (S&T) power is the key path to achieve China's scientific and technological independence, and to accelerate the construction process of a powerful nation of science and technology. In the global history of science and technology development in the past century, along with the shift of the world's scientific center, major developed countries have recognized and strengthened their S&T power from the national strategic level at different stages of development. Based on a profound understanding of the significance of strengthening the systematic layout of national strategic science and technology forces, this paper discusses the …

Establish Basic Reseach Funding Navigation System, Promote Technical Innovation To Underpin Development Of National Modern Industrial System, Yi Shi, Jiangyuanhong Li, Gengsheng Wang, Suran Bai, Guibin Bian, Boqiang Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Under current complex and changeable international situation, building high-quality industrial systems according to the needs of national security and strategic development is an important guarantee for national sustained and high-quality development in the new period. As the source of technical innovation, basic research underpins the development of industrial systems. In addition, to strengthen the weakness and insufficience in basic research, we propose that a basic research funding navigation system should be constructed, which would be helpful to identify the key weaknesses in basic research, rationally set up the research direction, and optimize the reasonable allocation of resources, thus promote the …

From Single Spark To Prairie Ablaze—Exploring New Paradigm To Cultivate Top Innovation Talents, Quanshui Zheng, Luping Xu, Fengshan Bai, Lin Zhang, Minsheng Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

At the dawn of the 4th Industrial Revolution, cultivating top innovation talents that innovate "zero-to-one" achievements, and constructing sustainable mechanism for cultivating such talents, is not only a critical task during the China's national rejuvenation in the world experiencing a level of change unseen in a century, but also the key parameter for centenary or even millennium prosperity of Chinese nation. After over ten years of exploration, Tsien Excellence in Education Program of Tsinghua University (hereafter called "Tsien Class") has made a single-point breakthrough in this subject. Based on this, nearly after one year of preparation, "Tsien Class" and Shenzhen …

Manned Submersibles—Deep-Sea Scientific Research And Exploitation Of Marine Resources, Bo Yang, Yeyao Liu, Jiawei Liao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The successful development and good application of the deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe (Striver in English) has significantly improved China's R&D capabilities of technical equipment and the level of independent innovation in manned deep diving, and also made outstanding contributions to accelerating the construction of a maritime power. The 21st century is the "Century of the Ocean", and the rich resources in the ocean is a precious wealth that supports the sustainable development of mankind. The development and utilization of marine resources has become an inevitable trend in the development of all countries. However, the scientific expedition equipment needs to be …

New Demands In Basic Research On Environmental Pollution And Health In China, Qian Liu, Guangbo Qu, Dawei Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The complex environmental pollution in China greatly threatens the human health. Although the pollution control policies have taken a great effect in recent years, the resultant long-term, chronic health risks are still concerned. Until now, the causes of many regional high-incidence diseases are still unclear. In order to solve these environmental health problems, we need multi-disciplinary innovations in basic research to establish the comprehensive research chain of "pollution process-human exposure-body response-disease development". We need breakthroughs in interdisciplinary fields including exposomics, ultratrace measurement and source tracing methodology, molecular epidemiology, environmental big data, and artificial intelligence. Only in this way can we …

Microbial Evolution Of Cryosphere And Biosecurity Concerns, Jingyang Xu, Qianggong Zhang, Yi Shi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The unique and extreme ecological environment of cryosphere acts as a gigantic reservoir of microorganisms, which preserves precious records of the diversity and evolutionary history of ancient microbes. Climate change and human activities have made significant impacts on the ecological system. Global warming causes melting of the cryosphere that remained frozen for thousands of years and releases microorganisms, some of them are recovered to life and constitute a potential threat to the ecological environment and human health. It is urgent to combine multidisciplinary research forces to investigate the microbial ecology of cryosphere, analyze the microbe pathogenesis and transmission mechanisms, as …

What Are The Thirty Most Populous Cities In California Doing To Regulate Unmanned Aircraft Systems?, Heather Heinbaugh

Master's Projects

This report presented and analyzed a list of local legislation to address the question, “what regulations do the thirty most populous cities in California have in place to manage the usage of drones?” It can serve as a guidance document for local agency administrators seeking to develop regulations for drone operations.

Trends Observation: Layout Features And Development Trends Of Major International Science And Technology Infrastructure

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Policy Overview (March, 2021)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Ecological Risk Assessment Of Managed Relocation As A Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, Aviv Karasov-Olson, Mark W. Schwartz, Julian D. Olden, Sarah Skikne, Jessica J. Hellmann, Sarah Allen, Christy Brigham, Danielle Buttke, David J. Lawrence, Abraham J. Miller-Rushing, Jeffrey T. Morisette, Gregor W. Schuurman, Melissa Trammell, Cat Hawkins Hoffman

United States National Park Service: Publications

Executive Summary

Changing climate and introduced species are placing an increasing number of species at risk of extinction. Increasing extinction risk is increasing calls to protect species by relocating, or translocating, them to locations with more favorable biotic or climatic conditions. Managed relocation, or assisted migration, of species entails risks to both the conservation target organisms being moved as well as the recipient ecosystems into which they are moved.

Recognizing this risk, calls have been made for practitioners interested in considering a managed relocation project to engage in a serious risk assessment prior to advancing a project. We engaged a …

Licence To Lock: The Overextension Of Technological Protection Measures, Vincent Ooi

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

As digital goods gain traction and technological advancements that enable and facilitate piracy develop, technological protection measures (‘TPMs’) have become indispensable tools for content-producers to safeguard their intellectual property (‘IP’) rights. Like other intellectual property laws, there is an inherent tension in TPM protection provisions between safeguarding the content-producers’ IP rights and the consumers’ collective legitimate right to access works. TPM protection may be overly broad in two major ways. Firstly, by an inefficacious transposition of the rights and authority requirements, which stems from Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty. Secondly, by an overly-broad protection of TPMs in domestic …

State Technology And Science Activity In The Mountain West, 2020, Katie M. Gilbertson, Peter Grema, Saha Salahi, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This Fact Sheet summarizes the 2020 State Technology and Science Index (STSI) report by Kevin Klowden, Aaron Melaas, Charlotte Kesteven, and Sam Hanigan of the Milken Institute. STSI rankings are summarized for the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The index is a measure of how each state performs in several key metrics for supporting a knowledge-based economy.

Un Sdg Goals: Wales' Research Performance With Uk And Global Comparators (2010-2019), Jörg Hellwig Phd, Jan-Maarten Van Schalkwijk

Public Reports

The purpose of this report is to assess the relative performance of Welsh research outputs related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) over the past decade (2010-19). This analysis builds on a methodology developed by Elsevier and partners that uses a bottom-up approach to identify SDG-relevant publication sets.

This report was funded and commissioned by the Welsh Government Office for Science.

Pathways To Net Zero: The Impact Of Clean Energy Research, Başak Candemir Phd, Jörg Hellwig Phd, Etienne Vignola-Gagné Phd, Jan-Maarten Van Schalkwijk, Cordelia Sealy Dphil

Public Reports

Achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 will require the rapid development and deployment of clean energy technologies. Research is essential to the success of this clean energy transition. This report examines the state of play in clean energy research over the last 20 years and provides expert insights into potential pathways forward.

The Conservation Status Of Marine Biodiversity Of The Western Indian Ocean, R. Bullock, Gina Ralph, E. Stump, F. Al Abdali, J. Al Asfoor, B. Al Buwaiqi, A. Al Kindi, A. Ambuali, Tiffany Birge, P. Borsa, F. Di Dario, B. Everett, S. Fennessy, C. Fonseca, Claire Gorman, A. Govender, H. Ho, W. Holleman, N. Jiddawi, M. Khan, H. Larson, Christi Linardich, P. Matiku, K. Matsuura, C. Maunde, H. Motomura, T. Munroe, R. Nair, C. Obota, B. Polidoro, B. Russell, S. Shaheen, Y. Sithole, W. Smith-Vaniz, F. Uiblein, S. Weerts, A. Williams, S. Yahya, Kent Carpenter

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Western Indian Ocean (WIO) is comprised of productive and highly diverse marine ecosystems that are rich sources of food security, livelihoods, and natural wonder. The ecological services that species provide are vital to the productivity of these ecosystems and healthy biodiversity is essential for the continued support of economies and local users. The stability of these valuable resources, however, is being eroded by growing threats to marine life from overexploitation, habitat degradation and climate change, all of which are causing serious reductions in marine ecosystem services and the ability of these ecosystems to support human communities. Quantifying the impacts …

Vehicular Crowdsourcing For Congestion Support In Smart Cities, Stephan Olariu

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Under present-day practices, the vehicles on our roadways and city streets are mere spectators that witness traffic-related events without being able to participate in the mitigation of their effect. This paper lays the theoretical foundations of a framework for harnessing the on-board computational resources in vehicles stuck in urban congestion in order to assist transportation agencies with preventing or dissipating congestion through large-scale signal re-timing. Our framework is called VACCS: Vehicular Crowdsourcing for Congestion Support in Smart Cities. What makes this framework unique is that we suggest that in such situations the vehicles have the potential to cooperate with various …

A Survey Of Enabling Technologies For Smart Communities, Amna Iqbal, Stephan Olariu

Computer Science Faculty Publications

In 2016, the Japanese Government publicized an initiative and a call to action for the implementation of a "Super Smart Society" announced as Society 5.0. The stated goal of Society 5.0 is to meet the various needs of the members of society through the provisioning of goods and services to those who require them, when they are required and in the amount required, thus enabling the citizens to live an active and comfortable life. In spite of its genuine appeal, details of a feasible path to Society 5.0 are conspicuously missing. The first main goal of this survey is to …

Recognizing Figure Labels In Patents, Ming Gong, Xin Wei, Diane Oyen, Jian Wu, Martin Gryder

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Scientific documents often contain significant information in figures. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) awards thousands of patents each week, with each patent containing on the order of a dozen figures. The information conveyed by these figures typically include a drawing or diagram, a label, caption and reference text within the document. Yet associating the short bits of text to the figure is challenging when labels are embedded within the figure, as they typically are in patents. Using patents as a testbench, this paper highlights an open challenge in analyzing all of the information presented in scientific/technical documents …