Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

Conception On Asian Elephant Ecological Corridor Planning With Implications For Conservation, Xueyou Li, Qiupeng Yu, Zhechang Hu, Xuelong Jiang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In order to practice the concept of coordinated development of “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets” and “mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and deserts are part of the community of life”, this study takes “pursuing green development and promoting harmony between humanity and nature” proposed in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China as the theoretical guidance. With the goal of enhancing ecosystem integrity and connectivity, enhancing population communication, enhancing population viability, and providing a model for the construction of ecological corridors for flagship species, based on the current distribution and …

Effectiveness And Challenges Of Aquatic Ecological Restoration Of Chishui River In Upper Yangtze River, Fei Liu, Huanzhang Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

“To set an example of green development and strength ecological environmental protection in the Chishui River basin” is an important proposal listed in the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021--2025) for National Economic and Social Development and Vision 2035 of the People’s Republic of China. Strengthening eco-environmental protection in the Chishui River will play an exemplary and leading role in maintaining fish diversity of the upper Yangtze River, promoting regional high-quality development, and creating a new situation of ecological civilization and Beautiful China. This study interprets the ecological functions of the Chishui River in the upper Yangtze River, expounds …

Progress And Prospects On Institutional System Construction Of Ecological Civilization In China, Linsheng Yang, Yanan Guo, Huiyi Zhu, Gaodi Xie, Xiaoyong Liao, Quansheng Ge

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the construction of Ecological Civilization (EC) in China has undergone historic, transitional, and comprehensive changes from theory to practice. The construction of system is the core content and the basic guarantee for the success of EC construction. Based on the government documents of EC construction and related research literatures, this study analyzes the formation and evolution characteristics of China’s EC construction system, parses the development process of representative innovation policies, and then predicts the trend of the further deepening reform of EC system. The results show that the relevant …

Research On Geographical Landscape Design Of Ecological Civilization Construction In China, Wenzhong Zhang, Jianhui Yu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the fundamental goal of ecological civilization construction in the new era of China, the building of a Beautiful China is an important measure to promote the study of Chinese man-land relationships to a higher level and a new stage of development. This study takes the construction of ecological civilization of Beautiful China as the orientation, and carries on the frame design to the geographical landscape. The geographical landscape takes the elements of geoscience as the research object and makes a series of reasonable outlook about man-land system according to the interaction mechanism of human-land relationship and the influence of …

Impacts, Contributing Factors And Countermeasures Of Extreme Droughts In Poyang Lake, Qi Zhang, Chenyang Xue, Jun Xia

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the past 20 years, the hydrological regime of Poyang Lake changed significantly. The lake water level has been continuously decreasing, resulting in severe droughts. In particular, an extreme drought occurred in 2022, when the lake area shrank to less than 300 km2. The 2022 extreme drought in Poyang Lake had great impacts on economy, society and ecological environment, which aroused great attentions and wide concerns. Based on long-term data series of meteorological and hydrological data and the existing research outcomes and with the aid of hydrological modeling, this study analyzed the impacts and contributing factors of the 2022 drought …

Spatial Agglomeration And Environmental Effects Of Heavy Polluting Industries In China: Characteristics And Enlightenment, Hongyang Chen, Jianhui Yu, Wenzhong Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Heavy polluting industries are the important sources of industrial pollutant. Understanding the spatial agglomeration characteristics, influencing factors, agglomeration mechanism and environmental effects of China’s heavy polluting industries can help identify potential pollution risk areas to cope with increasingly severe environmental pollution problems. Based on the industrial economic data from 1999 to 2021, the spatial distribution and agglomeration characteristics of heavy polluting industries are characterized. It is found that: (1) Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong are the regions with high output value of the development of heavy polluting industries in the past 20 years, while Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, …

Evolution Of Urbanized Area’S Entities And Flow Space Towards High-Quality Development Path In China, Mingxing Chen, Liangkan Chen, Yue Xian, Jiafan Cheng, Longwu Liang, Jing Ma

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The eco-environmental conservation and Beautiful China have entered the critical phase. Urbanized areas serve as important spatial carriers in the Beautiful China initiative scenarios, but the most prominent challenges in human-environment relationship and difficult points in building Beautiful China. This study focuses on the physical urban area, and utilizing big data technology to reexamine the spatiotemporal distribution and grouped evolution characteristics of impervious surface in cities, as well as the structural features of urban flow networks from space of flows. Moreover, preliminary thoughts and policy recommendations are provided for promoting high-quality development in urbanized areas of the new era. More …

Five Issues And Countermeasures Of China Cropland Resource Use, Sijing Ye, Changqing Song, Changxiu Cheng, Peichao Gao, Shi Shen, Wangshu Mu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Understand the cropland use situation, analyze management countermeasures, and explore the regional suitable cropland use mode are important prerequisites for the implementation of the strictest protection of cultivated land strategy with Chinese characteristics. At present, the cropland resource utilization in China is facing the five issues of non-agricultural, non-grain, fragmentation, marginalization, and ecological degradation. This study estimates the spatial-temporal changes of these cropland use issues in China, analyzes the challenges of cropland use governance from the aspects of complex driving factors, phase characteristics, cognitive differences of responsible subjects, and dynamic changes of external factors. On this basis, the countermeasures of …

Editorial

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Executive Order On The Safe, Secure, And Trustworthy Development And Use Of Artificial Intelligence, Joseph R. Biden

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Section 1. Purpose. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds extraordinary potential for both promise and peril. Responsible AI use has the potential to help solve urgent challenges while making our world more prosperous, productive, innovative, and secure. At the same time, irresponsible use could exacerbate societal harms such as fraud, discrimination, bias, and disinformation; displace and disempower workers; stifle competition; and pose risks to national security. Harnessing AI for good and realizing its myriad benefits requires mitigating its substantial risks. This endeavor demands a society-wide effort that includes government, the private sector, academia, and civil society.

My Administration places the highest urgency …

Comprehensive Atmospheric And Environmental Observations In The Himalayan Region Advances Development Of Earth System Science On The Tibetan Plateau, Weiqiang Ma, Yaoming Ma, Zhipeng Xie, Xuelong Chen, Binbin Wang, Cunbo Han, Maoshan Li, Lei Zhong, Fanglin Sun, Zhongyan Wang, Zhenhua Xi, Lian Liu, Bin Ma, Wei Hu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Himalayan region, represented by Mount Qomolangma, is not only a typical area where special atmospheric processes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are concentrated, but also an important research area for climate, ecology, and environmental changes. The Qomolangma Station for Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (abbreviated as QOMS) is located in the core area of Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve. It is dedicated to studying the complex terrain mountain atmospheric processes and environmental changes of the Third Pole of the Earth, focusing on the land-atmosphere interaction process on the TP under the background of climate …

Decentralized Science (Desci): A New Paradigm For Diverse And Sustainable Scientific Development, Feiyue Wang, Wenwen Ding

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The rise of artificial intelligence for science (AI4S) has made it particularly important and urgent to ensure the openness, fairness, impartiality, diversity, and sustainability of scientific systems. This is significant to the discourse power and leadership of countries in global innovation and industrial revolution, and also affects the security, stability, and sustainable development of a community with a shared future for mankind. To address these challenges, AI4S needs to adopt new scientific organizational and operational methods. Decentralized science (DeSci) has emerged to vitalize AI4S and provide strong support, effectively addressing issues such as information silos, biases, unfair distribution, and monopolies …

Strengthening Ecological Protection And Green Development In Pearl River Basin To Support Construction Of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Bojie Fu, Guangqing Huang, Hong'ou Zhang, Junze Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Pearl River is the largest river flowing into the South China Sea in China. The unique natural environmental characteristics and geographical location make the Pearl River Basin (PRB) rich in natural resources and huge development potential, and it has an important strategic position in the construction of China’s ecological security system and national economic development planning. At present, the upper and middle reaches of the PRB consist of crucial part of China’s strategic pattern of ecological security, and the lower reach is the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. However, influenced by multiple factors such as regional resource endowment and …

Digital Economy Enables Chinese Path To Modernization, Ying Liu, Chaochun Huang, Yongmiao Hong, Shouyang Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Firstly, from the perspective of the internal consistency between the characteristics of Chinese path to modernization and the Internet spirit, this study reveals the importance of developing the digital economy for achieving Chinese path to modernization, and expounds the internal logic of digital economy enabling Chinese path to modernization. Then, it analyzes the challenges and problems faced by the construction of Chinese path to modernization from the aspects of the construction of basic scientific and technological capacity of digital economy, the coordination mechanism of data elements, the structural imbalance of digital development, governance system and security system. Finally, based on …

The Qomolangma Station For Atmospheric And Environmental Observation And Research, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Institute Of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Dynamic Mechanism Of Science Based Technological Innovation And Industrial Evolution—Take Semiconductor, Digital Computer And Radio Technologies As Examples, Yi Zhang, Qiang Yan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

By studying the technological innovation and industrial development process of semiconductor, digital computer and radio, this study analyzes the path, conditions and force of science-based technological innovation and its industrialization, establishes a chain reaction model of large-scale technological innovation and diffusion, and compares it with market-based technological innovation. It is found that the large-scale aggregation of scientific research institutions and industrial laboratories accelerates the speed of technological innovation, and diffuses along two paths of scientific research institutions to enterprises and enterprises to enterprises, forming a chain reaction of large-scale technological innovation. Strategic demand is the basic driving force for the …

Impacts Of Forest Fire Carbon Emission And Mitigation Strategies, Zhihua Liu, Hongshi He, Wenru Xu, Yu Liang, Jiaojun Zhu, Geoff G. Wang, Wei Wei, Zifa Wang, Yongming Han

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Between 2000 and 2020, global wildfires contributed to approximately 7.32 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, accounting for about 18.5% of CO2 emissions released from fossil fuels. Forest fires alone contributed to around 20% of these wildfire emissions, approximately 1.5 billion metric tons of CO2. Due to climate change and human activities, carbon emissions from forest fires are on the rise. For example, the 2023 Canadian fires have emitted 1.268 billion metric tons of CO2 up to August 29th. Despite the simultaneous increase in forest area and volume, the frequency and extent of forest fires have significantly decreased …

Ten-Year Review And Outlook For International Science Program—Integrated Research On Disaster Risk (Irdr), Huadong Guo, Fang Chen, Qunli Han, Jie Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) Program is a 10-year international science program initiated by International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), International Social Sciences Council (ISSC), and United Nations Office International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). In 2009, International Programme Office (IPO) of IRDR Program successfully applied by China Association for Science and Technology in Beijing, became the first office of ICSU Interdisciplinary Body hosted in Asia. IRDR Program has been implemented for ten years, and it has become the flagship program for global integrated research on disaster risk, established an extensive global disaster risk comprehensive research network, and formed …

Belt And Road Science & Technology Cooperation: Current Situation, Challenges And Development Directions, Hongyan He, Shuxian Wu, Jiayu Xin, Hui Zhao, Yanlei Wang, Dongxia Yan, Linglong Shan, Xin Wang, Yuliang Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward, China has actively engaged in innovation cooperation with coconstruction countries and regions, and has made gratifying achievements in basic scientific research, technology transfer and transformation, the cooperation network and platform base construction. At present, new changes and situations in the political and economic landscape worldwide have put forward higher requirements for the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. Therefore, high-quality joint construction of Belt and Road needs to sum up the experience and identify areas of cooperation. In this context, the study summarizes the current situation and main challenges of …

Research On Science And Technology Cooperation Pattern Of The Belt And Road Initiative, Weidong Liu, Jing Li, Guohua Xiao, Zhouying Song, Jiansheng Qu, Yafeng Wang, Fahu Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Science and technology cooperation has become an important driving force for the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This study intends to explore how international science and technology cooperation can empower the highquality development of the BRI co-construction. By sorting out the practice of science and technology cooperation in boosting the development of the Belt and Road countries and regions since the raise of BRI, and analyzing the problems and challenges encountered, countermeasures and suggestions for the new era are finally proposed in this study.

Research On Low-Carbon Transition Pathways And Suggestions For Climate Cooperation Of Bri Countries, Kaiwe Zhu, Xianchun Tan, Baihe Gu, Jianping Zhang, Lingsi Kong

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Climate cooperation among Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries holds significant practical importance for achieving low-carbon transition and sustainable development within the BRI framework. To analyze the pathway towards low-carbon transition under different representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios and emission quota allocation methods, the CGEM-BRI model was developed. The study also examined the potential requirements for climate finance, capacity building, and management system. Based on these findings, recommendations for climate cooperation between China and BRI countries were formulated. The study revealed that in order to limit global temperature rise for 1.5℃ in 2100, renewable energy sources should account for a …

Case Study And Recommendations On Technological Collaboration In Supporting Development Of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Under The Belt And Road Initiative, Xiaowei Nie, Xiaoduo Pan, Zhuoying Zhang, Yang Yang, Yang Yang, Xinyu Gong

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Belt and Road Initiative has played an important role in promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind and actively integrated into the global governance system over the past decade. At the same time, through scientific and technological cooperation, it has also significantly impacted domestic regional development. The Tibetan Plateau, known as the “Third Pole” of the Earth, is not only an important internationalized region but also a crucial component of the Belt and Road Initiative, offering opportunities to establish a South Asian land corridor. This study analyzes and summarizes the role of scientific and …

Main Climate Change Characteristics And Disaster Risks Oriented Towards Carbon Neutrality Over The Belt And Road Regions, Jingyong Zhang, Jing He, Lixia Zhang, Zhencai Du, Renqiang Li, Ming Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Climate change has been widely recognized as one of most severe risks that the world faces. The recent 50 years are the warmest period in the last 2 000 years with respect to surface temperature averaged over the Belt and Road regions, which is mainly attributed to continuously increasing and accumulating of carbon emissions from human activities. Since the 1980s, over the Belt and Road regions mean climate change is characterized as surface warming at a faster rate, increased precipitation and evaporation, and accelerated sea level rise among others, and extreme weather and climate events such as hot extremes, rainstorms …

S&T Innovation Study For The Digital Belt And Road, Huadong Guo, Fang Chen, Yu Chen, Guozhuang Shen, Chuansheng Liu, Yunwei Tang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Digital technology can promote the sustainable development of countries and regions along the route of Belt and Road Initiative and help enhance interconnectivity in technology, standards, rules, and digital infrastructure. Science and technology play a crucial role in the construction of the Digital Belt and Road. However, currently, some countries and regions along the route of Belt and Road Initiative lack sufficient digital infrastructure, and there is a shortage of critical core digital technology and challenges in its promotion. It is essential to build an innovative ecosystem for the Digital Belt and Road that includes facilities, technology, mechanisms, and capabilities …

Climate Technology Demand Assessment For Participating Countries In Belt And Road Initiative And Policy Recommendations For Promoting South-South Technology Cooperation, Minpeng Chen, Qiang Liu, Meixun Gao, Fei Teng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Belt and Road countries and regions have increasingly recognized the urgent need for climate mitigation and adaptation in order to achieve the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Transferring and disseminating climate technologies are effective ways in which developing countries in the region can enhance their capacity to address the challenges of climate change. This study assesses the characteristics of climate change technology needed in Belt and Road countries and regions, based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) report as well as the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) system. It identifies and …

International Cooperation Mechanism Of Collaborated Disaster Risk Management For Belt And Road, Shaohong Wu, Yu Lei, Wei Xu, Saini Yang, Qunli Han, Fang Lian, Shengnan Wu, Peng Cui

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Belt and Road countries and regions have complicated geological environment and controlled by monsoon climate, which is easy to cause a variety of natural disasters and lead to serious harm. The natural disasters have become an important factor hindering the green development to the Belt and Road countries and regions. At the same time, most of the Belt and Road countries and regions are developing countries and regions, with lower capacity for disaster prevention and reduction. It is difficult for science and technology as well as institutional mechanisms to meet the needs of the implementation of the Belt and …

Cultivation Of Scientific And Technological Innovation Talents For The Belt And Road Initiative: China’S Advantages, Challenges And Critical Paths, Jin Qin, Shixin Tan, Yizhu Shen, Liuzhu Gong, Jianxun Chu, Liangchen Fan, Xinhe Bao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Scientific and technological talents are critical resources to China and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Although China is the most favorable destination country for overseas students in Asia, it is facing increasing global competition for talents, especially from the developed countries that have introduced policies to attract international students and scientific and technological innovation talents, China highly needs to figure out how to attract more high-quality foreign students and talents, and how to cultivate more innovation talents to serve the Belt and Road development. This study first evaluates science and education rankings of the Belt and Road countries and …

Accelerating Construction Of New Development Pattern Of Dual Circulation By Building Belt And Road With High Quality, Xiong Ying, Zijian Shangguan, Ying Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This paper firstly reviews the achievements of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since its raise 10 years ago in terms of policy communication, facility connectivity, trade exchanges, financial integration, and people-to-people bond, and explains the significance of BRI to the new development pattern of the dual circulation. Then, combined with the actual national conditions of China's new development stage, it analyzes the opportunities and challenges of the construction of the Belt and Road in the new situation of the global economy and trade. Finally, it puts forward policy suggestions for the high-quality construction of the Belt and Road in …

Scientific And Technological Innovation And Cooperation Support High-Quality Development Of The Belt And Road Initiative, Chunli Bai

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Belt and Road Initiative has become a popular international public goods and international cooperation platform in the past decade since it was firstly proposed in 2013. China and the Belt and Road participating countries and regions have made considerable progress in scientific and technological cooperation, including carrying out scientific and technological cooperation actions and plans, building international scientific organizations and science and education cooperation centers, providing talent training platforms, etc. Nevertheless, in the new era, the Belt and Road faces many challenges such as the unpredictable external environment, the incomplete top-level design and mechanism, the insufficient depth of scientific …

Experiences And Enlightenment Of International Cooperation On Climate Change For Bri Partners, Jianping Zhang, Xu Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Belt and Road region has different resource endowments and diverse climates. Low-carbon and sustainable economic development is the objective need for the high-quality Green Silk Road, and it is also the key to the global actions and practices on climate change. China and BRI partners have carried out in-depth cooperation on low-carbon infrastructure, cleaner energy, climate disaster warning and forecasting, climate finance, low-carbon technology, and other key development fields in a win-win solution. Further, by drawing on the valuable experiences of developed countries in international cooperation on climate, the others have explored a new path for future international cooperation …