Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

Volume 7 (2024) Artificial Intelligence And Responsibility, Arwa Alnajashi, Danielle Derise, Philip L. Frana, David Mcgraw, Amanda Sawyer, Tatjana Titareva, Raafat Zaini, Allie Zombron

International Journal on Responsibility

The seventh volume of the International Journal on Responsibility (IJR) arrives at a crucial moment in the evolution of artificial intelligence and its integration into our academic and social fabric. As we witness the rapid advancement and deployment of AI systems across various domains, this special issue examines the multifaceted dimensions of responsibility surrounding AI technology, with a particular focus on its role in higher education and broader societal implications.

The articles in this volume contribute to our understanding of responsibility through diverse lenses, from classroom implementation to ethical design considerations. Together, they fulfill IJR’s central mission of exploring “Who …

Building Modern City And Urban Science, Guangtao Wang, Fen Li, Xiang Liu, Yufei Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

China is in a new stage of development of Chinese-style modernization, and the construction of modern cities plays a leading role in the process of modernization. Urban science is an important direction that urban researchers has been exploring, and the construction of modern cities needs the guidance of China’s urban science theory. On the basis of summarizing the basic characteristics of urban science, this study draws on the frontier progress of urban science both domestically and internationally, this study proposes definitions of China’s urban science, and constructs a theoretical framework with four dimensions, namely, ideological guidance, theoretical evidence-based approach, practical …

Thoughts On Reform Of Fiscal S&T System Under Public Finance System, Wei Xue, Xuan Wang, Yunqiqige Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Finance is the foundation and important pillar of national governance, a perfect financial science and technology system is of great significance for promoting scientific and technological progress, optimizing financial science and technology management, and enhancing the effectiveness of financial science and technology funds. This study discusses the main features of the financial science and technology system under the framework of public finance, summarizes the relevant reform achievements in China in recent years, identifies the main problems, clarifies the practices of innovative countries such as the United States, Germany, Britain, and Japan, and puts forward policy suggestions for further deepening the …

Navigating The Landscape: Perceptions, Motivations, And The Journey Of Data Professionals In Implementing Data Processes And Procedures, Willie Rivers

Dissertations

This explanatory study investigates the motivations behind data professionals' willingness or resistance to implementing data policies and procedures, utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior and Psychological Ownership as frameworks. Through interviews with 21 data professionals, the research explains how factors such as perceived control, ownership, and attitudes towards data processes influence their motivation. The study tests key propositions, including the impact of perceived time burdens, bureaucratic procedures, and organizational expectations on data governance engagement. The findings underscore the critical role of control and access to information in motivating the adoption of data policies, providing insights for organizations aiming to enhance …

Model Innovation And Development For Cultivating Top Innovative Talents By Integrating Research And Teaching—A Case Study Of University Of Science And Technology Of China, Yu Fan, Hengan Wu, Gequn Shu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Cultivating top innovative talents through the integration of research and teaching in high-level research universities is an important initiative to promote the implementation of the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talents. The development history of the integration of research and teaching in China has been divided into four stages, namely, ice-breaking integration, exploratory integration, diversified integration, and upgraded integration. Taking University of Science and Technology of China as an example, the chain model, the collaborative model, and the integration model for top innovative talents cultivation by integrating of research and teaching are described and analyzed in detail …

Research On Independent Cultivation Of S&T Talents Driven By Demands Of Technological Innovation And Industrial Development, Xiaoli Zuo, Kaihua Chen, Peiheng Qin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the international competition in S&T and industry becoming fierce increasingly, China’s innovation and industrial development rely more on the independent cultivation of S&T talents. In response to the new situation and characteristics of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, as well as the urgent demand for S&T talents and intellectual support, this research analyzed the compatibility and adaptability of the S&T talents with innovation and industry development objectively, based on the data from statistics, departmental bulletins, industry reports, and think tank studies. It is recommended to rapidly expand the S&T talents in key areas through integrating …

China In Global Digital Trade Governance: Towards A Development-Oriented Agenda?, Yujia He, Ka Zeng

Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce Faculty Publications

Existing literature on the behaviour of rising powers in global trade governance has yielded inconclusive evidence about their role and impact. This article contributes to this literature by examining China's role in global digital trade governance, an issue area which so far has not received sufficient scholarly attention. Specifically, it addresses the following question: as a self-proclaimed leader of the developing world in digital development, to what extent do its preferences and negotiation approach align with the interests of other developing countries? Analysing China's participation in three sets of negotiations using process tracing, the article argues that China's dual identity …

Developmental Logic Of Social S&T Awards In China And Suggestions For High Influence Development, Xiaoya Ren, Zhiqiang Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The scientific award system is a significant characteristic of the institutional development of science and technology, and is an important institutional arrangement for promoting the S&T development and building a great power in science and technology in China. This study focuses on the direction of promoting the development of social S&T awards in China, with the goal of studying the high-impact development of social S&T awards in China. Firstly, the study systematically examined the evolution of the domestic and international S&T award system, analyzed the operating experience of internationally high prestigious social S&T awards, and further refined the value and …

International Experience And Enlightenment Of Multi-Entity Collaborative Development Of Semiconductor Talents, Sumei Wang, Qiuju Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The semiconductor industry, characterized by intensive technological sophistication, high capital requirements, and rapid innovation cycles, faces critical talent development challenges. Conventional talent development models prove inadequate in addressing the industry’s dynamic skill demands, necessitating exploration of adaptive and efficient multi-entity collaborative approach for talent development. This study examines motivation mechanisms of the main subjects involved and analyzes international paradigms of collaborative talent development through case studies of ASML in the Netherlands, Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC) in Belgium, and the National Semiconductor Technology Center (NSTC) in the United States. Finally, insights into strengthening multi-entity collaborative talent development are provided, such as …

Us Restrictions On Science And Technology Venture Capital Flows To China: Impacts On High-Tech Industrial Development And Strategic Responses, Yuan Zhou, Zhiqing Wang, Yuchen Gao, Lan Xue

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Science and technology venture capital (STVC) provides financial and operational support for enterprise’s technological innovation, effectively mitigating risks in entrepreneurial activities. Foreign STVC, represented by that from the United States, has ever played a crucial role. The technology sector has emerged as the primary battleground in Sino-US strategic competition, with tightened restrictions on US-led STVC flows to China becoming a critical tool for suppressing Chinese technological advancement. The study systematically analyzes the key provisions of a series of U.S. legislative acts imposing sanctions on China’s science and technology innovation investments and assesses the characteristics of restriction measures during the Trump …

Deep Integration Of Technological Innovation And Industrial Innovation In Modern Industrial System: Inspiration From Global New Generation Lithography Systems, Jiang Yu, Feng Chen, Yue Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Utilizing technological innovation to lead the construction of a modern industrial system is a strategic choice for seizing the opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. It is also a necessary step for winning the strategic initiative towards high-level self-reliance and self-improvement. Technological innovation is the intrinsic driving force behind industrial innovation, and industrial innovation is the value embodiment of technological innovation. The deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is the key to constructing and improving a modern industrial system. Taking the global extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lithography system as an example, based on the …

Innovation And New Quality Productivity, Yongnian Zheng, Lanmeng Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

China is in a critical period of promoting high-quality development and advancing Chinese modernization. This paper attempts to clarify the relationship between innovation and new-quality productivity and provide a potential development direction for China to lead a modernized industrial system by developing new-quality productivity through innovation. The study proposes that the development of new quality productivity through innovation requires serious consideration from three dimensions. First, it is important to figure out where new technologies come from. Second, it is essential to investigate where new industries come from. Third, a feasible solution has to be formulated based on China’s reality. The …

Establish Policy Ecosystem That Supports Technological Innovation And Leads Construction Of Modern Industrial System, Cheng Zhou, Xiaoyi Peng, Wen Xie, Chidong Zhang, Yuhe Qiu, Fan Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

To harness the leading role of science and technology innovation and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system, it is necessary to establish an innovation policy ecosystem that coordinates science and technology, education, economics, and social policies. Compared with this demand, China’s current science and technology innovation policy still needs to be further improved in terms of policy horizontal and vertical coordination, industrial technology research organization mechanism, innovative enterprise subjectivity, industry-university-research cooperation innovation incentives, and resource allocation marketability. In response to these issues, five suggestions are put forward, namely, (1) set up an innovation policy coordination and review agency …

Theories, Status Quo, And Suggestions On Scientific And Technological Innovation As Driver Of Developing Emerging Industries, Xiaoyan Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The emerging industry is the key to fostering new growth drivers and developing new advantages. It is also an essential guarantee to reinforce the resilience and security of China’s industrial chain and supply chain, and seize the initiative of future development. This study, based on the theoretical foundation and practical needs of “scientific and technological innovation as the driver of developing emerging industries”, summarizes the typical practices of innovation and development of emerging industries in countries including the United States, Japan, and Singapore. In addition, the study identifies the difficulties faced by China in the developing emerging industries, and raises …

Thoughts On Fostering Industries Of The Future Based On Innovation Infrastructure Clusters, Qingli Huang, Ziwei Zhao, Can Wang, Weihua Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Industries of the future (IoTF) are characterized by a distinctive whole chain and high scientific and technological content, and as an important carrier to support the innovation activities of industries of the future, the construction and layout of innovation infrastructures, such as large scientific devices, major scientific and technological innovation platforms, pilot bases, etc., will inevitably develop towards whole chain clustering. This study tries to explain the basic concept of innovation infrastructure clusters for industries of the future, sort out the practices and results of fostering industries of the future based on innovation infrastructure clusters in some regions in China, …

Empowering Traditional Industries With Digital Intelligence For Transformation And Upgrading, Jiyuan Zang, Huanyong Ji, Qingxue Huang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Traditional industries are the basic support and driving force for the high-quality development of the economy. Digital intelligence is an important lever for traditional industries to achieve the transformation of old and new kinetic energy and the leapfrogging of the global value chain. This study firstly deconstructs the rich connotations of digital intelligence from the perspectives of digitalization, networkization, and intelligentization. Secondly, it analyzes the transformation mechanism and various pathways through which digital intelligence impacts traditional industries. Thirdly, it analyzes the barriers faced by traditional industries in the process of adopting digital intelligence technologies. Finally, this study puts forward four …

Insights On Strategy And Approach For China To Construct A Modern Integrated Circuits Industrial System, Ximing Yin, Beibei Zhang, Tailun Chen, Jiang Yu, Jin Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The integrated circuit (IC) industry is highly complex and systematic, and its key core technology breakthroughs are highly dependent on the support of systematic capabilities. The West especially the United States has accelerated the promotion of the “small-yard, high-fence” strategy, the “New Washington Consensus”, the “de-risking”, and other systematic policies to curb China’s rise. China’s IC industry chain is facing extreme risks such as rupture or blockage. Meanwhile, facing the new mission and requirements of Chinese modernization and new-quality productivity, China needs to accelerate the modernization of the IC industry with new development paradigms, new strategies, and new approaches. Based …

Strategic Study On Leading Construction Of Modern Agricultural System By Technology Innovation, Yan Yan, Xurong Mei, Xiudong Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Technology innovation is the fundamental solution to build a modern agricultural system, and it is also an important support for building the large base, large enterprise, and large industry of modern agriculture and achieving the modernization of material equipment, technology, management, agricultural informatization, and sustainable resource utilization of agriculture. This paper explains the scientific concepts and logical relationships of the agricultural production system, industrial system and management system, which are the main components of a modern agricultural system. It emphasizes that ensuring food security, promoting industrial integration and upgrading, and cultivating leading enterprises are current key tasks. Nevertheless, from the …

Large-Scale Research Infrastructure Empowers High-Quality Development Of Private Enterprises: Current Situation, Challenges, And Policy Recommendations, Lingling Zhang, Fuqiang Wang, Mingze Zhang, Zexia Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Private enterprises have become an important source of innovation in China’s economic development. Large-scale research infrastructure, as a crucial strategic support and innovation element for breaking through key technologies, provides a platform for the innovative development of private enterprises. At present, some large-scale research infrastructures in China, such as the China Spallation Neutron Source and the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, have begun actively exploring mechanisms to serve private enterprises. These efforts have helped a number of private companies overcome critical technological bottlenecks and achieve original innovations. Nevertheless, in the current process of opening up large-scale research infrastructures to private enterprises …

Context-Driven: Logic And Pathway Of Industrial Intelligence To Accelerate Development Of New Quality Productive Forces, Ximing Yin, Yaxin Su, Tailun Chen, Jin Chen, Jiang Yu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The development of new productive forces hinges on industrial intelligence, which is driven by the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, and the accelerated construction of a modern industrial system. Industrial intelligence refers to the process of transforming traditional industrial development models and cultivating new pillar industries through the empowerment of intelligent technologies and data elements. It serves as a pivotal engine for promoting new industrialization and developing new productive forces. However, existing research has largely overlooked the critical theoretical and practical issues of how to leverage China’s ultra-large market and its vast contextual advantages to improve the …

Practice And Exploration Of Income Distribution Mode Of Personnel Who Transfer And Transform Scientific And Technological Achievements袯Ased On A Survey Of 15 Institutes Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Chang Yao, Wei Du, Chao Zhang, Chunbo Wang, Haibo Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, often referred to as “transfer and transformation”, is crucial for turning science and technology into productive forces and economic development. It plays a significant role in enhancing the operational efficiency of the science and technology innovation system and developing new forms of productive forces. Currently, China’s policies to facilitate transfer and transformation are becoming richer and more comprehensive. Nevertheless, issues such as the difficulty in integrating industry, academia, research, and application, low efficiency and rate of technology transformation, and insufficient professionalism in intellectual property operation and transfer and transformation services still …

Comparative Analysis And Insights Into R&D Mode Of Top Artificial Intelligence Companies In China And The Us, Xiyi Yang, Jia Jia, Xiaoyu Zhou, Shouyang Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently one of the most prominent fields in the technology industry, with China and the US being two global centers for AI research and development. However, the two countries differ in their development levels of the AI industry. In particular, the emergence of ChatGPT in 2022 has sparked extensive discussions regarding the capabilities and competitiveness of Chinese AI companies. This study analyzes over 120 000 AI invention patents approved in the past five years in both China and the US. Firstly, it constructs a multidimensional index based on AI patent features to identify the top 10 …

Policy Frameworks And Citizens’ Use Of Fintech Solutions: The Pros And Cons In Egypt, Salma Al-Mohamady

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the significant influence of financial technology (FinTech) on the banking industry, consumer finance, and economic growth. It specifically concentrates on the swiftly changing FinTech environment in Egypt. The study investigates the impact of incorporating advanced technologies on worldwide financial practices, which has significantly transformed traditional banking models and facilitated the emergence of inventive financial services. The transition is clearly apparent in Egypt, where the expansion of FinTech has been driven by advances in regulations, adaptation to technology, and a population that is becoming more comfortable with digital solutions.

Using a combination of quantitative …

Editorials

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Integrating Scientific And Technological Innovation With Industrial Innovation: Understanding The Strategic Logic Of Deep Integration To Foster New Quality Productive Forces In China’S New Development Stage, Science And Technology Innovation And Development Center, Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation serves as the core mechanism for cultivating new quality productive forces. President Xi Jinping advances this scientific proposition based on China’s development practice in the new era and the historical, theoretical, and practical logic of global innovation advancement. The proposition profoundly elucidates the fundamental mechanisms driving contemporary productivity leaps and the strategic pivot for Chinese path to modernization. As a major theoretical innovation, this theory is groundbreaking, exemplary, and contemporary, providing a scientific foundation and strategic guidance for high-quality development and Chinese path to modernization. This study examines the …

Promoting Construction Of China’S Modern Industrial System By “ Multi-Tracking” Research And Innovation Model, Yongnian Zheng, Lanmeng Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The core of the competition between large nations during the fourth industrial revolution is centered on economic resilience, which is based on the industrial system of each nation. The key takeaway from the historical experience of industrial development in the United Kingdom and the United States is that the building of a modern industrial system must prioritize the balanced development of industries rather than concentrating solely on the financial and service sectors and ignoring the manufacturing sector, which leads to industrial hollowing-out. China ought to build a modern industrial system that possesses the five characteristics, including industry comprehensiveness, large capacity, …

Policy Practices And Countermeasures Analysis On Deep Integration Of Technological Innovation And Industrial Innovation, Defang He, Tao Chen, Hui Liu, Fangjuan Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Technological innovation serves as the strategic foundation for driving high-quality development and building a modern industrial system. To compete for global leadership in science, technology, and industrial advancement, major economies worldwide are reshaping their policy frameworks to accelerate the development of cutting-edge technologies and future industries. This study analyzes the intrinsic mechanisms and policy evolution of the integration between technological innovation and industrial innovation. By examining domestic and international case studies—such as integrated circuits, mRNA vaccines, new energy vehicles, and photovoltaics—it reveals how strategic guidance and policy coordination facilitate the convergence of innovation chains and industrial chains. Furthermore, the study …

Research And Suggestions On Top-Down Design Methodology Of High-End Cnc Machine Tools, Weiguo Gao, Dawei Zhang, Bingye Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The strategic significance of top-down design theory, method and technical system of high-end CNC machine tools is expounded, so as to realize the independent research and development of high-end CNC machine tools, satisfy the requirements of high-end users in key fields and maintain the independence and control of the core technologies. The top-down design methods and some key scientific problems are proposed, including static-dynamic stiffness design, geometric accuracy design, thermal balance design, and assembly process accuracy design, based on the spatial position and attitude error, relative dynamic flexibility of the working space, through the design, processing and assembly process. The …

Breakthrough Path Of High-End Equipment Manufacturing Driven By Independent Innovation—From Perspective Of R&D And Industrialization Of High-End Wafer Stage Of Lithography Machine, Yu Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Focusing on R&D and industrialization of wafer stage of high-end lithography machine, this study deeply analyzes the development status and core challenges of China’s high-end equipment manufacturing industry. The study finds that although China’s high-end equipment manufacturing industry has achieved scale expansion and technological innovation, there are still deficiencies in the independent control of core technologies, facing the dual bottlenecks of technological innovation and basic capabilities. By analyzing the independent innovation practices of wafer stage, including aspects such as core technology breakthroughs, basic capacity enhancements, industrial chain collaboration, and the construction of industry-university-research support systems, the internal laws for the …

Present Situation, Problems And Suggestions Of Advanced Optical Ultra-Precision Manufacturing Technology, Xin Zhang, Kuo Hai, Zizheng Li, Yinghuai Zhang, Binzhi Zhang, Yunfei Zhang, Zhongming Zang, Peng Zeng, Mingtao Wu, Kailong Li, Lisong Yan, Taixi Cehn, Yigang Qian, Hongfei Jiao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the continuous development of key fields such as laser nuclear fusion, space-to-earth observation, deep space exploration, and extreme ultraviolet lithography, the demand for optical components with high surface shape accuracy and high surface quality is increasing. Advanced optical ultra-precision manufacturing technology has become the core pillar of the national high-end manufacturing field. In this paper, the research status of advanced optical ultra-precision manufacturing technology in China is described with the focus on material preparation technology of optical components, ultra-precision forming, polishing, testing and surface treatment technology of components. The existing problems and countermeasures in this field in China are …