Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration Commons^™

The Trouble With Tourism, Steven J. Hollenhorst, Susan Houge Mackenzie, David M. Ostergren

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

The hegemonic view of tourism is as a global panacea for struggling peoples, environments and economies (Smith and Brent 2001). This article begins by arguing that increasing worldwide risks from human-induced climate change fundamentally alter the veracity of this prediction claim. As one of the world’s largest industries, tourism is also one of the largest emitters of carbon, primarily from air transport. Far from standing apart from our carbon-dependent economy, tourism is quite profoundly a creation of that economy and cannot be an antidote to the very stuff of which it is made. Further, to the extent that tourism functions …

The Psychological Experience Of River Guiding: Exploring The Protective Frame And Implications For Guide Well-Being, Susan Houge Mackenzie, John H. Kerr

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

Adventure tours are a fast-growing segment of the tourism market and guide behaviour has been identified as a critical factor in tourist satisfaction. However, little research has investigated guides’ emotional and motivational experiences and implications for psychological well-being. This study analyses critical incidents from autoethnographical data captured during a 10-year span of white-water river guiding in the northern and southern hemispheres. Reversal theory constructs inform analysis of psychological states and emotions experienced throughout guide training, development, and river trip interactions. Factors that may influence guides’ 'protective frames’, emotions, and motivational states are discussed, along with implications for guide and client …

Engaging Youth In Lifelong Outdoor Adventure Activities Through A Nontraditional Public School Physical Education Program, Keri Schwab, Daniel Dustin

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

No abstract provided.

Confidence Frames And The Mastery Of New Challenges In The Motivation Of An Expert Skydiver, John H. Kerr, Susan Houge Mackenzie

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

The main objective was to further unravel the experience of motivation in an expert male skydiver by investigating: (1) his general experience of motivation and perception of the dangers of skydiving; (2) his pursuit of new challenges and learning new skills as factors in maintaining motivation; (3) evidence of a mastery-based confidence frame in his motivational experience. This was a unique case study informed by reversal theory. The participant’s perception of skydiving was that it was not a risky or dangerous activity and a primary motive for his involvement in skydiving was personal goal achievement. Maintaining control and mastery during …

Tripping And Falling Into The Future: An Eolithic Perspective, Daniel L. Dustin, Keri A. Schwab

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

Thirty years ago, Dustin and McAvoy (1984) published an essay in Environmental Ethics titled Toward Environmental Eolithism. The article compared and contrasted two distinct orientations to environmental planning and management: the design mentality and the eolithic mentality. The authors concluded that the more popular design mentality lacked sufficient flexibility and adaptability to maximize performance, and that the more obscure eolithic mentality was a superior orientation to environmental planning and management. In this article we extend the logic of that Environmental Ethics essay to criticize a popular offshoot of the design mentality strategic planning as it is commonly conducted in the …

Unifying Psychology And Experiential Education: Toward An Integrated Understanding Of Why It Works, Susan Houge Mackenzie, Julie S. Son, Steve Hollenshorst

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

This article examines the significance of psychology to experiential education (EE) and critiques EE models that have developed in isolation from larger psychological theories and developments. Following a review of literature and current issues, select areas of psychology are explored with reference to experiential learning processes. The state of knowledge and emerging paradigms in positive psychology, self-determination theory, flow theory, and neuropsychology are explored in an effort to better understand the mechanisms underpinning experiential learning and program development. Implications for practitioners and future research directions are discussed in relation to these emerging bodies of knowledge.

Service First: Embracing The Scholarship On Teaching And Learning Through Active Engagement In Parks, Recreation, And Tourism Education, Keri Schwab, Brian Greenwood, Daniel Dustin

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

In this article, we turn the tripartite responsibility of teaching, scholarship, and service inside out. Rather than considering service to be a poor stepchild to scholarship and teaching, we reason that service as engaged scholarship should be the centerpiece of academic life, especially in an applied discipline like parks, recreation, and tourism. We reason further that improving engaged service should be the driving force behind good teaching, student learning, and scholarship. Finally, we reason that “impact factor,” a term commonly limited to citations in scholarly journals, should be expanded to include positive differences made on the ground in professional practice …

Stress And Emotions At Work: An Adventure Tourism Guide's Experiences, Susan Houge Mackenzie, John H. Kerr

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

Little research has identified issues faced by tour guiding professionals and investigations of tour guide experiences have been neglected in favour of tourist experience and behaviour studies. Even less research has focused on adventure guiding experiences and potential sources of stress and emotions in this context. Studies that have investigated adventure guide experiences generally focused on guide-client interactions and sociological accounts of these experiences. Due to these gaps in the literature, and the recognised potential of psychological theories to enhance studies of stress and emotions in tourism settings, this study explored stress and emotions resulting from employer-guide interactions in an …

Review Of Heike Schanzel, Ian Yeoman, And Elisa Backer, Family Tourism: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Keri A. Schwab

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

No abstract provided.

The Multiphasic And Dynamic Nature Of Flow In Adventure Experiences, Susan Houge Mackenzie

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

This study evaluated phases of adventure experiences by identifying flow and reversal theory states over a 3-day white-water river surfing course. Data were collected with novice river surfers (n = 5) via in-depth qualitative interviews using head-mounted video cameras. Findings suggested that "opposing" experiential phases (i.e., telic and paratelic) may be symbiotic in adventure experiences and may facilitate flow experiences. These results may account for the dynamic nature of enjoyment, flow, and motivational states within adventure experiences. Future research should seek to validate the phasic models presented herein and evaluate their potential applicability to other adventurous activities.

The University Of Utah's Integrated Core: A Case Study From A "Commuter Campus", Karen Paisley, Callie Spencer, Mary Sarah Wells, Keri Schwab

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

This paper describes the Integrated Core (IC), the University of Utah’s version of integrated curricula. We begin with a rationale for the IC, providing a background on the unique student demographics, and University-wide requirements that propelled our design. Our IC focuses specifically on active living, sustainability, and social justice as target outcomes of parks, recreation, and tourism services and experiences. This rationale is followed by an outline of both the structure and implementation of the IC, including a discussion of sample assignments (incorporating both experiential learning and community engagement). Following a discussion of feedback after two years of delivering the …

Choosing Sport Management As A College Major, Keri A. Schwab, Daniel Dustin, Eric Legg, Danielle Timmerman, Mary Sara Wells, Skye G. Arthur-Banning

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

The purpose of this study was to better understand sport management students within departments of parks, recreation, and tourism, and to address the often uneasy fit faculty experience when trying to educate sport and recreation students in the same classes. Researchers sent a 16-item online questionnaire to 1,337 undergraduate sport management majors at seven universities offering sport management as an emphasis within a department of parks, recreation, and tourism. Results yielded a 32% response rate, and indicated many similarities among the seven universities. The results also provided guidance for addressing the challenges faced by parks, recreation, and tourism educators when …

Multiple Motives For Participating In Adventure Sports, John H. Kerr, Susan Houge Mackenzie

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to explore possible multiple motives for participation in different adventure sports.

Design

Qualitative design, specifically an inductive-deductive approach informed by reversal theory, was used to analyze participation motivation data.

Method

Data was collected using the Scanlan Collaborative Interview Method (SCIM; Scanlan, Russell, Wilson, & Scanlan, 2003). Participants were very experienced adventure sport participants involved in riversurfing, mountain biking, kayaking, mountain climbing and hang gliding.

Results

The results indicated that the participants' motivation was multifaceted. While some participants shared common motives, these were often described in different orders of importance by different participants. …

A (Mis)Guided Adventure Tourism Experience: An Autoethnographic Analysis Of Mountaineering In Bolivia, Susan Houge Mackenzie, Joun H. Kerr

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

Due to the fast growing nature of the adventure tourism industry and the commodification of adventure activities therein, improved understanding of adventure tourism experiences and mountaineer adventure tourists in particular is needed. In an effort to move beyond traditional market segmentation approaches, this study analysed autoethnographical data from an adventure tourism mountaineering experience in Bolivia. This autoethnographic method facilitated a deeper understanding of mountaineering adventure tourism experiences and allowed for a multifaceted view of risk perceptions that has often been neglected in the literature. Data were analysed with a robust psychological framework (i.e. reversal theory) that was used to explain: …

Toward A More Phronetic Leisure Science, Daniel Dustin, Keri Schwab, Jeff Rose

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

In this essay, we examine the assumptions underlying natural science, social science, and the humanities. More specifically, we suggest that social science in general and leisure science in particular be guided by a different set of assumptions than those guiding natural science and the humanities. Drawing on the Aristotelian idea of phronesis, we propose that value rationality more so than instrumental rationality guide social scientific inquiry, and that social science in general, and leisure science in particular, be viewed as a bridge between natural science and the humanities.

Head-Mounted Cameras And Stimulated Recall In Qualitative Sport Research, Susan Houge Mackenzie, John H. Kerr

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

There are a number of innovative procedures available for use in qualitative research, including observation, note-taking and verbal protocol techniques. This paper highlights the potential usefulness of stimulated recall as an innovative technique for use in qualitative research in sport and possibly exercise. Specifically, it focuses on video footage obtained from head-mounted cameras for use in stimulated recall during post-event interviews. Examples of research studies carried out in simulation training with fire and emergency personnel and with leisure participants in a whitewater adventure setting, are used to illustrate how stimulated recall can be utilised effectively in practice. Participants in a …

The Future Of Leisure Studies In Research Universities: Administrators' Perspectives, Daniel Dustin, Rachel Collins, Jeremy Schultz, Laurie Browne, Keri Schwab, Jeff Rose, Danielle Timmerman, Ben Altschuler, Jeremy Jostad, Callie Spencer, Jackie Newman, Kelly Bricker

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

This article summarizes the content of a three-day administrative summit held at Zion Ponderosa Resort in southern Utah in late September 2010. Department chairs, heads, and deans representing 13 universities across North America offering leisure studies doctoral degrees, master's degrees, and undergraduate professional preparation degrees gathered to entertain eight multifaceted questions pertaining to their future. The questions were generated by a Delphi Process, and responses to the questions were recorded and analyzed following the summit by a team of doctoral students and professors from the University of Utah. The article concludes with a brief discussion of an administrator's responsibility in …

Strengthening The Relationship Between Undergraduate Professional Preparation Programs In Parks, Recreation, And Tourism And Graduate Leisure Studies, Daniel Dustin, Laurie Browne, Kelly Bricker, Keri Schwab

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

This article stems from a conversation among academic leaders of graduate-oriented departments of parks, recreation, and tourism across North America who participated in an administrator summit at Zion Ponderosa Resort in southern Utah September 23-26, 2010. The University of Utah’s Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism hosted the summit, and among the many topics discussed was the need to strengthen the relationship between undergraduate professional preparation programs in parks, recreation, and tourism and graduate leisure studies. In many respects, the tension between undergraduate and graduate programs reflects the tension between research universities and the world of professional practice. We examine …

Completing Your Story: Explaining Your 'Colorful' Career History To Potential Employers, Keri Schwab

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

KATIE, A 26 year-old volunteer coordinator for an educational nonprofit, was on her fifth "job" since graduating from college and in the process of applying for a sixth. Her resume read like a magazine article for 20-somethings: Six jobs to try before 30! She had served as an AmeriCorps volunteer, an international volunteer, worked a seasonal job with a film institute, completed a contract for an environmental group, and finally settled into a volunteer coordinator position. Next up, she was applying for an outreach position with an environmental non-profit. Well qualified and with excellent references, her biggest challenge was explaining …

Expanding The Flow Model In Adventure Activities: A Reversal Theory Perspective, Susan Houge Mackenzie, Ken Hodge, Mike Boyes

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

This study integrated flow theory and reversal theory perspectives to investigate a potential range of flow states amongst adventure participants in a sequence of two studies. Study one was conducted with expert (n = 6) adventure participants via retrospective interviews, while study two collected prospective data from novice whitewater riversurfers (n = 10) via waterproof-surveys and head-mounted video cameras. These methods were used to evaluate previous conjectures that distinct 'serious' (telic) and 'playful' (paratelic) flow states may occur in adventure activities and to identify key characteristics which may underpin distinct flow states. Results highlighted qualitative differences amongst flow states, as …

Thermus Aquaticus And You: Biodiversity, Human Health, And The Interpretive Challenge, Daniel L. Dustin, Keri A. Schwab

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

No abstract provided.

A Synthesis Of Research On The State Of Youth Sports, P. Brian Greenwood, Megan Bartlett, Jessica Burdick, Jane Ruseski, Brad Humphreys, Nathan Rodriquez, Caitlin Barrett, Allison Williams

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

The economic recession that gripped the United States in 2008 and 2009 has affected countless industries and businesses, yet one affected area is not as visible as others but could have a lasting impact. Youth sports have been hit hard by cuts in funding to public schools and community organizations. Although sport in general plays a vital role in our culture, the role of youth sports in developing individuals and benefiting society is often understated and misunderstood. For every professional athlete who garners media attention due to selfishness or criminal activity, there are countless youth from inner cities and rural …

A Means-End Analysis Of Special Olympics Volunteers, Breanne Long, Marni Goldenberg

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

Many non-profit recreation, parks and tourism organizations utilize volunteers. To attract and retain volunteers, these organizations must discover why volunteers donate time. This study used means-end theory to examine the attributes, consequences and values associated with volunteering for the San Luis Obispo (SLO) County Special Olympics as well as the volunteer demographics. Study participants included 55 volunteers who were asked demographic and open-ended questions during interviews at sporting and training events. Results showed most volunteers were parents of an athlete in the program and either had been involved in the program for less than a year and donated less than …

A Positive Learning Spiral Of Skill Development In High-Risk Recreation: Reversal Theory And Flow, Susan Pfab Houge, Mike Boyes

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

No abstract provided.

A Qualitative Investigation Of Californian Youth Interests In The Outdoors, Marni Goldenberg, Katherine Wassenberg, Jerusha Greenwood, William Hendricks, Jeff Jacobs, Jason Cummings

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

Prior research has found connections between youth participation in recreational activities and academic achievement, civic involvement, and improved health. To investigate California youth outdoor recreation attitudes, behaviors, and constraints, eight focus groups were conducted with community recreation center youth participants. Youth answered 10 questions about their experiences, attitudes, and perceptions of outdoor recreation. Data were analyzed using grounded theory. Three to seven axial codes were identified for each question. Results showed that youth want to have more access to outdoor recreational activities. However, there are frequently considerable constraints for the youth to overcome including draws of technology, family obligations, and …

Experiences In Youth Sports: A Comparison Between Players’ And Parents’ Perspectives, Keri A. Schwab, Mary Sara Wells, Skye Arthur-Banning

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

No abstract provided.

A Benefits-Based Study Of Appalachian Trail Users: Validation And Application Of The Benefits Of Hiking Scale, Barbara Freidt, Eddie Hill, Edwin Gómez, Marni Goldenberg

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

Lack of exercise has been linked to poor health issues (e.g., obesity) in American society. National (e.g., Appalachian Trail) and local trails are a potential resource for championing physical activity. To challenge sedentary lifestyle choices and promote more active ones, an understanding of the benefits perceived to be associated with physical and outdoor activities is needed. A total of 454 Appalachian Trail user surveys were collected. Validity analyses and reliability analyses showed the Benefits of Hiking Scale to be an accurate and consistent measure of the dimensions of recreation benefits. Within the improved condition dimension of Benefits, significant differences were …

Enhancing Recreation, Parks, Tourism Courses: Using Movies As Teaching Tools, Marni Goldenberg, Jason W. Lee, Teresa O'Bannon

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

The use of movies provides educators with a valuable tool for presenting information as learners are able to benefit from the powerful images being presented before them. The purpose of this study was to identify the value of the use of movies as a teaching tool. This was an exploratory study aimed at identifying characteristics of movie use as an educational device in recreation, parks, and tourism classes. In this study, respondents (n = 67) indicated that the use of movies in the classroom was supported, and the findings of this study suggest that most instructors provided advance preparation activities …

An Outdoor Bill Of Rights For California Children: A Soild Case For Connecting Children With Nature And The Outdoors, Jeff Jacobs, Kelly Bricker, Nina Gordon, William Hendricks, Marni Goldenberg, Jerusha Greenwood

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

No abstract provided.

Get: Set To Make The Case: Presenting Sports As An Agent For Social Change, P. Brian Greenwood, Karen Lepri, Jennifer Bruening, Ashley Coombs, Brittany Perotti, Brad Humphries, Jane Ruseski, Brian Soebbing, Caitlin Barrett, Allison Zomer, Nathan Rodriguez, Ziba Cranmer, Megan Bartlett, Jessica Burdick, Paul Caccamo, Robin Monsky, Andrea Cernich, Deanna Schindler-Ord

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

No abstract provided.