Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons^™

Invisible No More: National Solutions For Protecting Unaccompanied And Separated Migrant Children In Egypt, Enas Abdel Azim, Noran Khorsheed, Raghda Bahy Elessawy, Tharwat Abaza

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Egypt has a strategic geographical position as a significant destination and transit country for unaccompanied and separated migrant children (UASC). With a substantial and rapidly increasing migrant population, exacerbated by recent regional influxes, the country’s public infrastructure and resources are experiencing considerable strain. While Egypt has demonstrated its commitment to child rights through the ratification of key international instruments like the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC), UASC in the country nonetheless face complex protection challenges, including legal visibility concerns, risk for exploitation, and barriers …

Addressing Challenges In Accessing Secondary And Tertiary Healthcare Services For Migrants And Refugees In Egypt, Noura Seada, Nehal El-Bakhshawangy, Heba Semary, Fatma Alzahraa Hassan, Ahmed Hammad

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

The growing number of vulnerable migrants and refugees worldwide presents a significant challenge to host countries, particularly in terms of accessing healthcare services. Egypt hosts over 9 million migrants and refugees, with 1.5 million in a vulnerable situation. Despite the country’s efforts in providing adequate healthcare to these vulnerable groups, some challenges persist. This paper addresses the barriers that vulnerable migrants and refugees face when seeking secondary and tertiary healthcare services in Egypt, analyzing the legal, economic, social, and health system factors that contribute to this problem.

In 2018, the Egyptian government began an ambitious journey to reform its healthcare …

Beyond Legislation: Challenges And Opportunities Of The Inclusion Of Vulnerable Migrants To The Formal Egyptian Labour Market, Mahmoud Magdy Abdallah, Fatma Younis, Merihan Elsalakawy, Angham Saeed Sadek

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Egypt hosts a significant number of refugees, asylum-seekers, and vulnerable migrants. There are over 9 million migrants of diverse nationalities, including 1.5 million migrants living in a vulnerable situation (JPMR, 2022). As of June 2025, approximately one million registered refugees and asylum-seekers reside in Egypt (UNHCR, 2025). This substantial population faces considerable legal, economic, and social hurdles. Their presence in the Egyptian labor market presents a complex dynamic, given that they are mostly present in the informal labor market, making it more challenging for the state to benefit from their inclusion in the formal labor market. Furthermore, the formal inclusion …

From Misconception To Inclusion: Policy Pathways For The Integration Of Migrants And Social Cohesion In Egypt, Ghada Abdullah, Haytham Shoman, Riham Bahgat

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Egypt is located at the crossroads of Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, with over 9 million migrants, including around 1.5 million migrants living in vulnerable situations (IOM, 2022) and around 992,000 registered refugees and asylum-seekers from 133 countries (UNHCR, 2025a) according to the latest available data. Public and policy discussions, however, remain shaped by the widespread stereotypes and confusion in distinguishing between migrants and refugees. This can promote exclusion, disinformation, and social tension. Misconceptions can hinder integration, limit access to services, and erode social cohesion in a country navigating economic constraints and adapting to ongoing demographic changes.

This policy …

Policy Paper On Incorporating Migrant Children In A Strengthened Public Education System, Amira Abdelaziz, Dina Ibrahim, Dunia Zaatar

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

A transit, destination, and sending country, Egypt generously hosts more than one million refugees and asylum seekers (UNHCR, 2025), in addition to several migrants estimated at nine million in 2022 (IOM, 2022). Against this backdrop, the country is currently facing growing challenges in ensuring access to quality, inclusive, and equitable primary education for migrant and refugee children, particularly following the arrival of Sudanese nationals since April 2023, when the conflict in Sudan erupted. Egypt’s new Asylum Law No. 164 of 2024 grants de jure access to basic education for all refugee children until the age of 14, yet the law …

Localization Of Climate Change Mitigation And Adaptation Efforts/ توطين جهود التخفيف من أثر تغير المناخ والتكيف معه, Aya Farid Youssef, Fatma Mosaad, Macy Maher, Mostafa A. Sobhy, Shady Ismail, Policy Hub

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

This policy paper provides a comprehensive overview of the local efforts by the various stakeholders in Egypt to tackle the issue of climate change. It is a well-known fact that the Nile Delta is considered one of the three extremely vulnerable hotspots of climate change (UNDP, 2018). It is evident that the Egyptian government is keen on facing the threats of climate change reflected in the adaptation policies and frameworks which are presented in this paper. Moreover, the paper suggests four policy alternatives that aim to meet the needs of the stakeholders while complying with Egypt’s Vision 2030 and the …

From Policy To Implementation: Adaptation To The Impacts Of Climate Change On Agriculture On Egypt/ من السياسة إلى التنفيذ: التكيف مع اثار تغير المناخ على الزراعة في مصر, Fatma Barakat, Hagar Salama, Hager Yehia Shalaby, Nahla Taher, Rachad Bani Samari

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Dead crops, fruitless trees, and barren lands. Such is the print left by the climate catastrophe in Egypt. As these impacts increase in intensity and frequency, Egypt lies between a rock and a hard place. The global economic and food crisis, internal demographic pressures, and a cash-strapped financial state coupled with the climate crisis have set the government’s teeth on edge. Adapting to climate change impacts on agriculture to feed over 100 million citizens and protect the livelihoods of over 25 million actors in the agro-food industry has become one of the most pressing policy issues of the government. National …

Reforming The Solid Waste Management System: The Case Of Rural Areas In Egypt /إصلاح نظام إدارة النفايات الصلبة: حالة المناطق الريفية في مصر, Ahmed El Masry, Fatema El Ghonemy, Ibrahim Abugazia, Raghda El Khater

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

The policy paper tackles the issue of managing solid waste in rural areas in Egypt. It mainly targets the reform of the solid waste management system. The authors deal with rural areas specifically due to their importance and significance. In this context, the policy paper research demonstrated that the current solid waste management system in the governorates studied has a number of flaws and limitations. These issues show the inadequate solid waste management technical performance at the governorate level in terms of institutional, technical, financial, economic, and environmental factors, due to the lack of or ineffective solid waste management departments …

Redesigning Price Setting Under The Universal Health Insurance In Egypt / إعادة تصميم التسعير في ظل التأمين الصحي الشامل في مصر, Ahmed El Agamy, Hebatalla Ahmed Ismail, Hend Hassan, Reem Gouda, Samah El Sayed

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Since the Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by the United Nations Development Programme, Universal Health coverage became the main target for many nations. One of the main challenges facing the governments to achieve universal health coverage is maintaining adequate policies to set fair pricing for the healthcare services. Each country has different strategies to apply fair pricing and this paper is discussing the current pricing methods in Egypt and suggesting three policies to tackle its challenges.

Enhancing The Impact Of Student-Led Entrepreneurial Initiatives In Egyptian Public Universities, Sherwat Elwan Ibrahim, Hend Ahmed, Lama Atef

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Innovation and entrepreneurship are increasingly viewed as key contributors to the creation of sustainable livelihood opportunities for youth and increased socioeconomic resilience. Mindful of this, a noticeable part of the existing literature underscores the essential role played by university-based student-led entrepreneurship clubs in widening students’ engagement in the entrepreneurship ecosystem; increasing their entrepreneurial intention; improving their interpersonal and enterprise skills, and giving them the opportunity to gain hands-on experience through practical learning. This, in turn, improves their self-employment prospects and supports them in the creation of successful future entrepreneurs and employees. Additionally, the student-led entrepreneurship clubs help students bridge the …

Mitigating And Adapting To Climate Change: Solutions For The Tourism Sector In Egypt/ التخفيف والتكيف مع تغير المناخ: حلول لقطاع السياحة في مصر, Marwa Elghoubashy, Saleh Elghamrawi, Noha Elbalky, Asma Salama, Mohamed Elshazly

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Climate change is soon becoming an unescapable challenge for many countries, Egypt included. Severe weather events are becoming more and more frequent and developing countries are expected to be more vulnerable to their effects. Tourism is considered one of the most vulnerable sectors affected by climate change, not only due to risks to marine life coastal communities, but also because changes in temperatures are expected to affect tourists preferred destinations. This is especially challenging for Egypt given that Tourism contributes up to 15% of GDP, is one of the countries’ main sources of foreign currency, and employs more than 10% …

Mitigating The Impact Of Climate Change On Egyptian Cities: Sustainable Building And Construction As A Strategy/ التخفيف من أثر تغير المناخ في المدن المصرية: استراتيجية البناء والتشييد المستدام, Mina Abdelmelek, Sahar El Ghandour, Sahar Ibrahiem, Tasneem H. Madi, Zeinab Nadeem

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Egypt faces a wide range of challenges, including the high increase in population, the Nile water crisis, desertification and the issue of solid waste and encroachment on agricultural lands, and the current negative impacts of the natural and built environments. The construction sector consumes 28% of the total energy produced in Egypt. The high energy consumption and rise in energy prices along with the aforementioned issues are few of several key factors that urge the need to study how consumed energy could be reduced in the construction sector and consequently limit the sector’s impact on the environment (Navigant Energy Germany …

Monitoring And Evaluation Of The Egyptian National Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Efforts/ رصد وتقييم الجهود الوطنية للتخفيف والتكيف مع آثار تغير المناخ في مصر, Amira Mousa, Amira Mostafa Ahmed, Nada Elbakri, Sohaila Essam Gaheen

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Egypt has a medium overall score in climate mitigation efforts according to the Climate Change Performance Index (Germanwatch, 2021) and a relatively low performance in the adaptation measures when compared with other African countries such as Kenya (Pörtner et al., 2022). This policy paper aims to examine the current efforts by Egypt to monitor and evaluate its mitigation and adaptation efforts and review what similar countries have done in this regard. Hence, the paper will then provide policy alternatives to ensure a workable Monitoring and Evaluation Framework that considers the Egyptian context and the current policy environment. The Monitoring and …

Improving Egypt’S Access To Vaccines And Medicines: Communication During Covid-19 / تحسين إتاحة الوصول إلى اللقاحات والأدوية في مصر: سياسة توعية الجمهور خلال أزمة فيروس كورونا, Alaa Abdel-Rahman, Sarah Attef, Helen Gabrah, Reem El-Sayed, Sarah El-Lithy

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Egyptian government has been following protocol as best as possible when it comes to responding to the needs of the health and economic sectors amid difficult times. From lockdown measures to the WHO’s recommended practices in terms of isolation of cases and treatments, Egypt has been lauded as one of the fastest and most effective countries in terms of COVID-19 emergency response. Authorities have implemented several awareness campaigns directed at citizens to inform them about the pandemic, how to prevent infection, what to do if infected and how to act accordingly. Authorities …

Developing Monitoring And Evaluation Dynamic Systems For Alternative Families With Fostered Children/ تصميم أنظمة ديناميكية للمتابعة والتقييم للأسر البديلة للأطفال بالكفالة, Basma Mahmoud, Dina Refaei, Hend Ahmed, Khadiga Embaby

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Since 2016, the Egyptian Government has made many improvements to the Alternative Families System that aims to provide children without parental care with families. Yet, these families still face some obstacles in the monitoring and follow-up system after adoption. The paper sheds light on these obstacles; the roots and solution. We depend on qualitative methodological approaches, based on a purposive sample of key informants consisting of governmental officials, national and international entities, using in-depth interviews as the main tool for data collection, and surveys. As a result of our research, we found that there are limitations that affect the increasing …

Increasing The Retention Of The Health Workforce In Egypt: Improving Work Environments/ الاحتفاظ بعاملي الرعاية الصحية في مصر: تحسين بيئة العمل, Ebaa El-Kalamawie, Eman Gamal, Hoda Hassan, Nagui Salama

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Egypt faces an urgent public health crisis which is a shortage in its health workforce capacity. The main reason for the lack of health workforce retention is the working environment. The Ministry of Health has multiple options to improve the quality of the working environment for health workers. Three interrelated policy options are proposed in this brief: 1) Enhancing organizational trust, 2) providing financial and non-financial incentives, 3) Developing a digital human resource system providing multiple services.

Acknowledging the economic constraints, the suggested options are tailored to be cost-effective. Policymakers can start immediately with their trust repair and trust-building initiatives …

Addressing Food Insecurity In Egypt: Towards Sustaining Food Access For All/ الأمن الغذائي في مصر نحو استدامة وصول الغذاء للجميع, Alaa Mazloum, Abdelrahman Rizk, Norhan Muhab, Zainab Asal

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

This policy paper sheds light on the current challenges that Egypt faces to ensure food access for all. In attempts to underscore the root causes of food insecurity in Egypt, this paper looks at the country’s geographical and agricultural national policies, food pricing, household expenditures on food as well as the challenges imposed on the country by climate change. These factors directly challenge the country’s ability to achieve food security for all by 2050. Although the Government of Egypt (GoE) launched pro-poor policies that aim at reducing the economic burden on vulnerable groups, the government needs to explore other feasible …

Making Small Families A Social Notion In Egypt/ ترسيخ مبدأ الأسر الصغيرة كمفهوم اجتماعي في مصر, Alaa Abdelaziz, Menna Roshdy, Omar Zein, Souraya El Assiouty

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Population growth and fertility rates have witnessed fluctuations over the years in Egypt. The government’s efforts to manage the rising trend were not sustainable, leading the total population to 101 million in October 2020. Such a rising trend risks aggravating the pressure on the country’s resources threatens to undermine improvements in overall economic progress and decrease opportunities for prosperity. Although Egypt is currently enjoying a demographic window with a youth bulge with 60% of its population being below the age of 30, this age group requires tailored services which translates to high demand for health and family planning services, education, …

Establishing An Institutional Framework For The Handicrafts Clusters In Egypt/ إنشاء إطار مؤسسي لتجمعات الحرف اليدوية في مصر, Dina Elkhishin, Mariam Walid, Nada Kassem, Noheir Khairy

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

The Egyptian handicrafts sector, which employs more than a million Egyptians, and contributes to local economic growth and to the export market, has a lot of potentials but faces numerous challenges. Aware of the potential of the sector, the Egyptian government is currently focusing on the development of handicrafts, mostly organized as clusters. Nevertheless, artisans face numerous challenges, some of which are related to access to financial resources and raw materials, access to markets especially international ones, access to marketing opportunities, access to technical know-how, among others. Whilst handicrafts production is mostly cluster-based in Egypt, it is highly informal. One …

Combating The High Prevalence Of Obesity Among Egyptian Households: A Pilot Study: Port-Said Households/ مكافحة السمنة في المجتمع المصري: دراسة تجريبية في بورسعيد, Asmaa Sedky, Marwa Gaber, Noha Magdy, Shaimaa El Safoury

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Obesity is a major public health issue in Egypt and its repercussions are not only limited to the health dimension but also extend to affecting the productive capacity of the citizens. This adversely affects the overall fundamentals of the Egyptian economy. Moreover, there is a current political interest in promoting the health and well-being of the citizens which is reflected in the recent 100 Million Seha massive campaign that measured the weight and height of millions of Egyptians.

By applying the decision-making rule which has to do adhere to the equity, administrative, and political criteria, we recommend adjusting the Egyptian …

Post Covid-19 Tourism: Promoting The Holy Family Trail As A Niche Religious Tourism Destination/ الترويج ل مسار العائلة :Covid- السياحة بعد 19 المقدسة كوجهة للسياحة الدينية, Hend Elbehary, Mona Elsayed, Nada Abdelghany, Yasmine Mandour

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

The tourism sector constitutes significant importance for the Egyptian economy, with a contribution of 11.9% to the GDP and total employment of 2.49 million in 2018. The sector has different segments including both mass and niche tourism, where Egypt is heavily dependent on the former. Over the past 10 years, the sector was hammered by several internal and external intermittent hits, resulting in instability in the sector and fluctuations in its revenues that have consequently pulled down the foreign currency reserves. The current challenge of COVID-19 has introduced a new global norm that hurdled the mobility of mass tourist groups …

Water Security In Egypt Issues And Perspectives/ الأمن المائي في مصر: المشاكل والآفاق, Kareem Mostafa, Mariam Allam, Sarah El-Fiky, Seba Issa, Sherif Mohyeldeen

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Under the looming threat of water scarcity, the government of Egypt (GoE) must impose effective policies that promote water conservation to ensure water security for the future of its population. This policy paper seeks to define, survey, evaluate, and recommend prospective policies that can address the problem of current water scarcity and achieve water security. This paper focuses on two research sub-questions: 1) How can the government implement policies that can help Egypt's water conservation? 2) How can Egypt create alternative water sources?

Startups And Human Capital Management In Egypt: In Search Of Decent Jobs, Maryham Abdel Malak, Ibrahem El Sayed Hassan, Fayrouz El Dabbagh, Laila M. El Baradei

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

While startups are considered an important potential contributor to Egypt’s economic growth, they encounter myriad challenges that hinder their ability to reach their potential, sustain their market presence, and their capacity to provide decent job opportunities. Challenges include the difficulty of locating and sustaining funding, the complicated legal and regulatory framework that governs them, the conservative social norms and culture, and the lack of data and information regarding market dynamics and existing opportunities. The research findings revealed that many startups face challenges with their Human Capital Management (HCM), in the planning, acquisition, development, or sanction functions. This policy paper examines …

Implementing A New Performance Management System In The Egyptian Civil Service / تطبيق نظام جديد لإدارة الأداء في قطاع الخدمة المدنية في مصر, Reham Mohamed Yousef, Samar Roushdy, Yara Abo El Waffa, Yasmine Mohamed Badr

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

The policy paper discusses the recently ratified Civil Service Law (CSL) No. 81/2016 with a special focus on the potential implementation pathways regarding the performance management system ofgovernment employees. In an attempt to combat the inefficiencies in state bureaucracy to achieve more economic growth, the CSL comes as a legislative instrument within an ambitious national agenda for administrative reform in Egypt seekinga better performance of the public sector institutions.