Environmental Policy Commons^™

Ambient Air Quality As Related To Energy Conversion Facilities, Economic Activity And Population, Walter P. Page

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The paper examines the relationships between ambient air quality and energy conversion facilities, economic activity and population. Additional results are presented from investigation of the relationship between ambient air quality and total emissions from four source categories.

Some Problems With Economic Models Involving Air Pollution, John Hoag, J. David Reed

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In this paper we consider how economic models have interfaced with environmental problems in three areas: optimal air quality standards, pollution control policy and growth with pollution. The focus is on what has been done and what should be done.

Stabilization Of Uranium Mill Trailings, N. H. Tibbs, D L. Rath, E. E. Otto, L. F. Alsup

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Large volumes of uranium mill tailings are being generated, requiring comprehensive long-term management programs to reduce health and environmental risks. Management programs are available which provide adequate secure long-term storage, but research on innovative concepts is necessary to develop improved, more efficient methods.

Recycle Inplant Air -- A Method Of Energy Conservation, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Air pollution in metal fabricating shops and other small industrial customers' shops, is a problem. This pollution may be present as non-toxic fumes or mist. Sources of these fumes and mist may be welding processes or metal machining. Unions and various government agencies may exert pressures to remove? this air pollution.

The historical method that has been used to remove these pollutants has been to exhaust air from the shop. The amount of exhaust air is normally very large so that mist and fumes can be diluted quickly. As the sources or amounts of air pollution increase so will the …

Energy Is Not Just Flipping The Switch Any More, Alfred L. Ransome

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The energy industry -- or basically the mining industry -- is becoming more complex and costly. It is imperative that the facts pertaining to the mineral industry be disseminated to the layman; the best method in the long term is by way of science and economics in the schools -- kindergarten through high school. The Mineral Information Committee of the Colorado Section of the SME-AIME in cooperation with the Metro State College, Denver is embarking on such a program, and the newly developed magazine, "RESOURCES", is the vehicle for spreading the message through the classroom.

Community Federal Office Center -- A Unique Hvac System, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning system for this ten (10) story (400,000 S.F.) office building is of unique design. The only form of heat in the building is 1400 radiant ceiling panels of 500 watts each located around the perimeter of the building. The supply air for cooling is controlled by a variable air volume system. This supply air is delivered to exterior and interior zones. Variable air volume boxes serve both of these zones and the boxes are controlled by wall mounted thermostats. These thermostats are located on a 30 foot by 30 foot grid system. With this …

Energy And The Nation: The Social And Political Trends, John R. Dew

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The manner in which America fulfills her energy needs will be in accordance with a process begun during Theodore Roosevelt's era and expanded throughout this century. By continuing its gradual centralization and aggrandizement the Federal government will eventually control every aspect of energy supply and consumption in the United States. More than any other factor,, the energy situation will cause Americans to realize their dependence upon global politics and affairs. Our stability will not only depend upon meeting domestic energy demands but upon the ability of European and the demands of their economies.

Microprocessor Time Clock For Localized Energy Control, Roger I. Staab, Dallas M. Shiroma

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A microprocessor time clock is being developed to meet requirements for energy control in Navy buildings. The unit is designed to be a cost-effective alternative to electro-mechanical time clocks. Operating principles for both stand-alone and distributed-network modes are described.

Stratiform Domes: High Performance Thin-Shell Concrete Structures, Jonathan P. Zimmerman

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The stratiform method of dome construction was invented in response to the need for energy conserving space enclosures. Polyurethane foam and concrete are»spray applied in sequential layers on the inside of a balloon air-form. This process results in structures which require approximately one-tenth of the building materials with which to build them, and one-third of the energy with which to heat or cool them.

On The Conceptualization And Measurement Of Energy-Related Attitudes, Richard A. Zeller, Randy L. Workman, H. Theodore Groat, Arthur G. Neal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper is directed toward a concern with the conceptualization and measurement of energy-related attitudes. Four such dimensions were conceptually and operationally defined. This paper reports on the analysis of these measures.

America’S Energy Portrait -- 1978 And Beyond, Tom Day

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

There is a general consensus that fragmented energy policies are a product of unrefined knowledge about our energy supplies and energy management capabilities. There is also a specific endeavor that we mortals must have knowledge available in order to learn how to proceed with this business of living. Knowledge about energy and how we use it is our strongest weakness and our most gullible assumption.

Utility Rate Structures: What We Can And Should Do And What We Can’T And Should Not Do, Charles David Laderoute

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper analyzes the economics of a nurrber of items of interest in public utility rate design. These include: lifeline rates, time-of-day rates, marginal cost pricing, and so-called "free services."

National And Regional Agricultural Impact Of Natural Gas Deregulation And Curtailment Under A High Export Scenario, Barton C. English, Earl O. Heady, Dan Dvoskin

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An interregional national linear program ring model is used to evaluate the national and regional inpacts cn agriculture of two alternative natural gas policies -- curtailment to irrigation and deregulation. Energy use, agricultural production, commodity shadow prices, and resource use under natural gas curtailment and deregulation are compared to a base nn without these policy changes.

An Energy Initiative -- To Inform The Public, James E. Beavers

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper discusses the formulation and implementation of an Energy Initiative Program whose purpose 1s to inform and educate the public. The program is supported by the efforts of the Coordinating Committee on Energy (CCE) of the Association for Cooperation in Engineering (ACE) composed of representatives from 22 national engineering societies.

Planning For Energy Conservation -- A Cooperative City/University Effort, A. Richard Graham

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Cities that are planning energy conservation programs are often in need of assistance in organizing the programs. This paper describes a project which is providing this service to a pilot network of cities. Programs which have been Implemented are described.

Assessment Of Residential Energy Use: Some Results And Methodologies, Gunar E. Liepins

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper addresses the problem of determining residential energy use. Specifically, it discusses some of the estimation methods, selected results, and potential errors in the estimates.

Analysis Of Residential Electric Demand In Southwestern Indiana, Mangi L. Agarwal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study analyzes the residential demand for electricity in the Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company service area. It explores the many variables which may contribute to electricity consumption. It also attempts to synthesize various weather and climatic data into one variable called the "comfort index" which may explain part of the electricity consumption. In estimating the demand equations, monthly data for twelve years have been used.

To Light Or Not To Light? -- That Is The Energy Question, J. Byron Nelson, Burns E. Hegler

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The controversy over lighting levels has existed for some time. Interest in methods of lighting has been heightened by the energy crisis. It has been estimated that lighting consumes approximately five percent of the nation's energy, therefore lighting is a relatively small energy user when compared to transportation and industrial processes which consume the bulk of the nation's energy. However, any saving that will make a contribution to the energy crisis should be considered. Consequently, this paper shows how energy for lighting may be reduced without sacrificing the present quality of lighting and in some cases, actually improve the lighting …

Developing And Implementing A Municipal Energy Program, Howard Hufford, Steve Brooks, Ann Hall, Nancy Southworth

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Faced with the responsibility of providing energy and water services for a rapidly-growing community, City Utilities is looking for ways to encourage more efficient use of our available energy resources.

This paper describes the progress made and some of the pitfalls encountered by a municipal utility during implementation of energy programs as part of a federal, pilot demonstration project.

A Case Study Of Conservation In Space Heating Requirements Of A Single-Family Home, Robert M. Boeke

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy requirements for space heating in a single-family home were studied over a period of four heating seasons. The effects of added insulation, reduced thermostat settings and other conservation techniques were measured. The potential for energy conservation in residences, under actual living conditions, was clearly demonstrated.

Conducting Successful Energy Audits, J. M. Phillips, W. C. Turner, R. E. Webb

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Part of any successful energy management program is well designed and conducted energy audits. Basically, there are three types of energy audits. They are 1) Gross, 2) Detailed, and 3) Walk-Through Survey. Unfortunately, the literature seldom distinguishes between the three resulting in some confusion.

This paper helps clear that confusion by defining each type, giving examples of their application, and presenting directions or guidelines. Forms for each type of audit are included with the examples.

The forms and instructions have been developed under a program at Oklahoma State University designed to research and disseminate information to help industry better weather …

The Role Of The Energy Audit In Reducing Building Energy Consumption, William T. Snyder, Frederick W. Symonds, Richard J. Jendrucko

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The application of the energy audit process to the reduction of energy consumption in buildings is described. A methodology for selecting from an inventory of buildings those buildings which are candidates for a detailed energy audit is presented, and the analysis of energy consumption and cost savings resulting from implementation of energy conservation opportunities (ECO's) is detailed. A practical payback period formula is presented which includes escalating energy costs. The audit and analysis procedures are illustrated by two case studies.

The Role Of The Energy Manager, Charles E. Dorgan

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper sets forth the general responsibilities of the energy manager. The role the energy manager plays in making an energy management program successful is the main emphasis. Several lists have been developed to illustrate the diverse role of the energy manager.

Carrying Water To Newcastle, Lloyd Lore Wartes

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Western coals, now being shipped by unit trains to eastern and southern markets, contain from 13% to 32% moisture. Drying of these coals at the mine would reduce the cost of coal to the utilities from 10% to 16% IF the railroads do not materially increase rates on higher BTU coal.

The spontaneous combustion of dry coal can be inhibited, and the savings per unit train should range from $1,375,000 to $4,129,000 per year according to the various minimum tonnage rates. The shipment of dried coal will reduce the tonnages being shipped by 15%, or increase the railroad carrying capacity …

Oil Shale Energy And The Environment, Stephen Utter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Shale oil can be produced from oil shale by true In situ, modified in situ, and surface retorting methods. Both modified in situ and surface methods require mining of the oil shale. The environmental Implications of an oil shale mining industry are reviewed and the impacts upon land use, air and water quality, and ecological systems discussed. The Bureau's mining environmental research program is described and the results to date summarized.

Effective Use Of Bottom Ash As A Geotechnical Material, Braja M. Das, Ali A. Selim, Tom W. Pfeifle

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Some geotechnical properties of bottom ash produced from the burning of North Dakota lignite in a power plant are presented. These properties include grain size distribution, maximum and minimum void ratios, maximum dry density of compaction and optimum moisture content from standard Proctor tests, angle of friction, one-dimensional compressibility, and coefficient of permeability. The geotechnical properties of this bottom ash, as determined from laboratory tests, appear to be comparable to those generally obtained from poorly graded sands and indicate that bottom ash can be used for such works as backfill of retaining structures, construction of highway embankments, and fill material …

Heat Recovery System For Glass Melting Furnace, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The installation and operating of a 100 ton per day glass melting furnace by Flat River Glass Company to make specialty bottles provided an excellent opportunity for recovery of waste heat. The furnace operates at 2300°F, and four feeders to bottle making machines operate at 2100“F. The 120,000 s.f. packaging area is next to the furnace bay, and it is heated solely by reclaimed heat from the melting furnace bay.

There are two systems that are used to transfer this waste heat from the furnace area to the packaging area. The first of these systems is a water loop. Water …

Possibilities Of Combined Heat Recovery And Air Pollution Control Systems, V. Frank Mach

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Combined heat recovery with air pollution control is applicable on many industrial high temperature emissions. Some methods are discussed in this paper. Two examples illustrate that such a combination offers benefit in both energy conservation and less costly protection of the environment.

Waste Heat Recovery In Oklahoma Industry, W. C. Turner, R. E. Webb, J. M. Phillips

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

There is presently a great deal of interest in renewable source or "free" energy. The U. S. Department of Energy recognizes waste heat as one of these renewable sources and much effort is being exercised to fully utilize waste heat capabilities.

Industry in Oklahoma has recognized the wealth of potential in waste heat recovery and has completed numerous projects in the area. This paper summarizes the major Oklahoma industrial waste heat projects. For each project, the objectives, results, and suggestions are given. Particular emphasis is given on cost effectiveness, evaluation and application to other industries.

Included in the study among …

Reducing Heat Losses With Ceramic Fiber, Ronald E. Domst

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A series of case histories describing how various industries have conserved energy by using ceramic fiber. In addition to the energy savings, other advantages are achieved, such as better working conditions and increased production. Documented figures obtained by these companies indicate the percentage or dollar value saved.