Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons^™

Satellites In The Russia-Ukraine War, Ron Gurantz

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Satellites and counterspace systems have shown themselves to be important parts of modern warfare in the Russia-Ukraine War but have also been subject to various restrictions to prevent escalation. This monograph examines the role of satellites and counterspace systems in the Russia-Ukraine War’s high-technology warfare and the effects of satellite proliferation and commercialization on the conduct of the war. It also analyzes the restrictions under which space-based capabilities have been operating and the implications of these limits for future conflicts—a subject that has received little attention. Relying on an exhaustive study of open-source material and the application of limited-war theory …

Comparing Visualization Performance Of Liquid Embolic Agents Using A Novel Injectable Phantom, J Ryan Mason, Cristina Dodge, Adam Beardsley, Susan Hilsenbeck, Goetz Benndorf

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Radiographic visualization of liquid embolic agents (LEAs) during embolization procedures in neurovascular territory represents a crucial feature to ensure efficacy and safety for the patients during endovascular treatment of arteriovenous shunting lesions. Radiopacity of available LEAs varies significantly and limited methods are currently available for comparison. The purpose of this study was to compare the contrast resolution (CR) during injection under blank roadmap of various LEAs, as well as standard contrast material.

Methods: An injectable angiographic phantom was designed consisting of parallel tubings between 313 and 1000 micron. Under roadmap, eight radiopaque liquid agents were injected and analyzed: Onyx18®, …

Exploring China’S For-Profit Private Universities From A Stakeholder Perspective : Two Cases From Shanghai, Mian Lin

Lingnan Theses (Doctoral degree)

China’s higher education has experienced a stage of rapid development since its popularisation over the past two decades. According to the ‘2020 National Statistical Bulletin on Education Development’, China is home to 2,738 general universities. The total number of higher education students reached 41.83 million, and the gross enrolment rate of higher education was 54.4%. Driven by such rapid expansion, the classification management in higher education system become a global issue, it is particularly urgent in China and has increasingly become an important topic in theoretical research and policy practice. Classification management and evaluation of universities to promote the classified …

Book Review: Standing Up Space Force: The Road To The Nation’S Sixth Armed Service, Robert D. Bradford Iii

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Author: Forrest L. Marion

Reviewed by Robert D. Bradford III, associate professor of defense and Joint processes, Department of Command, Leadership, and Management, US Army War College

Robert D. Bradford III reviews this “first history” of the United States Space Force. He overviews the author Forrest L. Marion’s resources (“primary sources and extensive oral history interviews”) and highlights the book’s value in the way it “depicts cultural and bureaucratic barriers to…organizational change.” Bradford notes the history’s universal applicability as it relates to other situations in which an institution successfully approaches change.

Acknowledging Dispossession: A Cda/Pda Perspective On Discourse Dealing With Unceded Land, J. R. Martin, Priscilla Angela T. Cruz

English Faculty Publications

This paper illustrates what can be revealed by a linguistic analysis of the discourse strategies deployed in a bilingual text acknowledging the dispossession of Indigenous peoples in Mindanao (Philippines). The analysis draws on systemic functional linguistics (SFL) descriptions of English, which model language as a resource for making meaning. It explores the choices involved from the perspective of critical discourse analysis (CDA), exposing language in the service of power, and positive discourse analysis (PDA), appreciating language as an instrument of social change. In doing so we exemplify the role of SFL-informed CDA/PDA in processes of reconciliation, including personal and public …

Considerations On How Does Public Scientific Research Institution Deal With Open Source Intellectual Property Problems, Yungang Bao, Xiaojuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Open source plays a positive role in terms of innovation iteration, ecological expansion, and international development. Nevertheless, when trying to open source scientific research achievements, or to participate in the construction of open-source communities, public scientific research institutions encounter open source related problems such as losses of state-owned assets, disposal of intellectual property right, legal risks prevention and control, etc. The authors put forward proposals from the following aspects: donation of open source projects, selection of open source license, and construction of open source Patent Pool.

Challenges And Recommendations For Building Open Source Innovation Ecosystem For Large-Models In China, Xin Wen, Chao Zhang, Rui Guo, Kaihua Chen, Ze Feng, Qigang Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Addressing the current technological development issues that constrain the development of China’s large-scale model industry is needed to promote the continuous prosperity and development of the industry and enhance its international competitiveness. The study analyzes the significance of the open-source innovation ecosystem for the development of large-scale models in China. Based on reviewing the international experience of constructing the open-source innovation ecosystem, it further dissects the problems and challenges faced by the construction of the open-source innovation ecosystem for large-scale models in China and puts forward targeted suggestions. The study finds that the open-source innovation ecosystem for large-scale models in …

Research And Practice Of Digital Institute And Its System Framework, Jianjun Yu, Yue Wang, Kongmin Wang, Zhuomin Shi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the era of the digital economy, digital scientific research and digital government are both crucial components, serving as application scenarios enabled by new information technologies. Currently, the new generation of information technologies, especially artificial intelligence and big data, is instrumental in modernizing governance at scientific research institutions within Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). They notably drive paradigm shifts in scientific activities and accelerate the digital transformation of these institutions. The digital system formed by the digital transformation of management processes in scientific activities at research institutes is defined as the digital institute. This study analyzes the impact of digital …

Authority Vs. Incentives: Comparison Of Central And Local Government Policies To Promote Openness Of Scientific Facilities And Instruments, Dingyi You, Shuai Xiao, Chen Zhang, Hao Wen, Dacheng Song, Runtong Guo, Ke Wen, Qiang Wei, Zhi Yu, Tianming Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The openness of scientific facilities and instruments is a part of open science, which can help improve the efficiency of resource utilization and promote more research outputs. Policies is a key driving force for the openness, but studies to analyze such policies are still lackluster. This study conducted a text analysis of 23 central government policies and 65 local government policies in the time-tool framework, and found two types of authority tools: mandatory openness and duplicate review, as well as various incentive tools to give positive and negative payment. It reveals that provincial governments follow and tighten the screws of …

Basic Characteristics, Important Problems And Value Orientation Of China' Science And Technology Think Tanks, Xiaogang Ren, Yichao Gao, Fang Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Implementing the innovation-driven development strategy is not only an important measure to modernize the national governance system and governance capacity, but also a vital component of the Chinese path to modernization. The significance of highquality development of technology-focused think tanks, characterized by their knowledge and technology intensity, is increasingly evident. China’s science and technology think tanks have always adhered to the value concept of the Party’s leadership and the principle of putting the people first. They have developed a diversified and comprehensive integration model for think tanks. They offer a range of interdisciplinary products and boast specialized, composite scientific and …

Cell-Based Medicinal Products: Progress And Perspectives, Lijian Hui, Xiang Yuan, Jingqi Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Cell-based medicinal products are a breakthrough that has been proven to treat previously incurable diseases, making them a topic of global interest. This review delves into the current state and progress of cell therapy, highlighting the remarkable therapeutic effects of various types of cell-based medicinal products. We specifically explore the potential development of cell-based medicinal products in China, focusing on promoting clinical translation and commercialization. We propose necessary actions to achieve these goals, such as fostering cutting-edge basic research, innovative therapeutic approaches, scalable manufacturing processes, and policy changes.

2023 Technology Focus: Reflecting The Situation And Technological High Grounds Of Latest Round Of Sci-Tech Revolution And Industrial Transformation, Guopeng Li, Lin Han, Jiaofeng Pan, Fuhai Leng, Feng Zhang, Fan Yang, Ying Xing, Haiming Wang, Weiwei Fan, Haixia Wang, Wenyue Bian, Ting Chen, Jianxia Yuan, Chaoxing Zhang, Longguang Huang, Xiaomei Wang, Song Yang, Ronggang Wang, Zanmei Li, Jie Chen, Bo Zhou, Zhen Sun, Rujiang Bai, Liying Zhou, Kunpeng Peng, Yang Gao, Guangfeng Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In April 2024, the Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD) released the 2023 Technology Focus report. The report uses big data and deep learning techniques to explore the hidden deep relationships among patent technologies. Based on 21 812 technology focuses formed by clustering nearly 680 000 dual jurisdictional patents, the Top 100 technology focuses are selected, named, and outlined in 32 technical fields distributed in the four major categories of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) patent classification system, and a key analysis and interpretation of 32 of them are also provided. This study is based …

Facilities’ Scientists Affect Scientific Impacts Of Large-Scale Research Infrastructures’ Outputs, Mingze Zhang, Xiaoxiao Fan, Yunlong Li, Zexia Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the context of big science, collaborative research is one of the most significant characteristics and large-scale research infrastructures (LSRIs) play an important role as research platforms. However, whether collaborations, specifically, the co-authorships between facilities’ scientists and users, could affect the performance of LSRIs’ outputs or not is unclear. This work takes SLAC National Accelerate Lab as an example and quantifies how the participation of facilities’ scientists influences the performances of LSRIs’ outputs. The result shows that facilities’ scientists could promote the scientific impact. Therefore, a continued and long-term collaborative relationship should be attempted to set up, which could release …

Analysis Of International Carbon Budget Management Systems And Their Applicability To China, Wenjun Wang, Huiquan Huang, Xujie Zhao, Pengcheng Xie, Chonghui Fu, Qiaqia Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

China is establishing a carbon budget management system at both provincial and municipal levels. The carbon budget system, as a policy tool for integrating total carbon emission management and economic planning, has already been effective in developed countries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the concept, core elements, and practical experiences of the carbon budget system, and compares international practices with China’s low-carbon management system in the context of national circumstances. It extracts elements from international experiences that provide empirical insights, exhibit reference value, and require localization and innovation. Based on the analysis, this study proposes the following policy …

International Experience And Enlightenment Of Multi-Entity Collaborative Development Of Semiconductor Talents, Sumei Wang, Qiuju Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The semiconductor industry, characterized by intensive technological sophistication, high capital requirements, and rapid innovation cycles, faces critical talent development challenges. Conventional talent development models prove inadequate in addressing the industry’s dynamic skill demands, necessitating exploration of adaptive and efficient multi-entity collaborative approach for talent development. This study examines motivation mechanisms of the main subjects involved and analyzes international paradigms of collaborative talent development through case studies of ASML in the Netherlands, Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC) in Belgium, and the National Semiconductor Technology Center (NSTC) in the United States. Finally, insights into strengthening multi-entity collaborative talent development are provided, such as …

Engineering Ecological Analysis Of Rise Of Huawei’S Harmonyos And Its Implications, Dazhou Wang, Yishi Lyu, Zhihuan Fu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study aims to explore the rise of the Harmony operating system from the perspective of engineering ecology. In the face of increasingly fierce global technological competition, Huawei, as a leading Chinese information technology enterprise, launched its self-developed HarmonyOS and has progressively built the Harmony ecosystem, providing foundational support for the development of all sectors. The development path of HarmonyOS can be divided into three main phases based on its strategic goals, technological and product characteristics, and ecological construction: the initial phase, the acceleration phase, and the transformation phase. It is revealed that, throughout this development, various construction strategies for …

Policy Overview (June–July, 2025)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Developing Green Design, Leading Green And Low-Carbon Society, Yongxiang Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Green design refers to a design principle and method that comprehensively considers energy and resource conservation, emission reduction, and environmental impact during the product manufacturing and operation process in the product design stage. It strives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions throughout the entire product lifecycle. In the era of information networks, green design is supported by big data, AI network collaborative design, network detection and monitoring, etc. It involves selecting energy-saving processes, green and low-carbon materials, and optimizing product geometry design and surface treatment to achieve efficient resource utilization and minimize waste. For example, selecting environmentally friendly materials through networked …

Innovative Development Of China' Energy Models In Digital Economy Era, Junlian Gao, Bo Zhang, Guosheng Zhang, He Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the era of the digital economy, the explosive growth of massive data and emerging technologies has brought new opportunities and challenges to the development of energy models. This study is grounded in the historical context and current trends of energy model development, revisits the basic connotations of energy models and their narrow and broad distinctions, and analyzes the latest research progress and technological frontiers of both types of models from a global perspective. Focusing on domestic practices, it clarifies the urgent needs for China’s energy model development in the digital economy era, including achieving independent innovation, aligning with national …

Research And Implications Of The Us Clean Energy Strategy, Lanchun Li, Qing Liu, Wei Chen, Yun Tang, Jun Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the world enters a new period of carbon neutrality, the US government is actively building a clean energy innovation ecosystem through both internal and external measures. Systematically tracking and in-depth analysis of the intent, structure, approach, and other characteristics of the new phase of the US clean energy strategy is of practical significance to Chinese energy revolution. The US focuses on the strategic objectives of science and technology innovation, energy security, and infrastructure, and has constructed an innovation ecology characterized by technology lists, planning blueprints, full-chain research, and innovative subjects from the perspective of whole-government coordination, cross-institutional decision-making, deep …

Effective Carbon Cost Constraints: Unity Of Environmental Effectiveness, Cost Effectiveness, And Incentive Effectiveness, Yongping Sun, Jingning Jiang, Xinyu Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The carbon market serves as a crucial policy tool in the pursuit of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. It holds significant importance in driving the innovation of green and low-carbon technologies in China, facilitating the realization of nationally determined contributions, and bolstering China’s global leadership in climate action. The core function of the carbon market is carbon pricing, which can only be effective and achieve various objectives like carbon emissions reduction and sustainable development when carbon costs are reasonably constrained. Environmental effectiveness, cost effectiveness, and incentive effectiveness are three important dimensions to evaluate the effectiveness of the carbon market, …

Technology Governance And Governance Technology: From Perspective Of Regulatory Research On Blockchain Digital Assets, Yikai Wu, Guoan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan takes blockchain as one of the key industries of the digital economy, and a number of ministries and commissions have also made clear deployments to accelerate the innovative application of blockchain, promote the digital transformation of the industry, and promote the high-quality development of the economy and society in the policy documents related to the informatization of the industry. The regulation and governance of blockchain digital assets cannot be separated from the understanding and analysis of blockchain technology itself, and observing the development mechanism of blockchain digital assets from the scientific and technological …

Natural Resource Factors Promoting Urban And Rural Integrated Development In The New Era: Target Selection And Policy Design, Zhimin Zhang, Guohua Yuan, Ruilin Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Reconstructing the reverse flood of natural resource elements in rural and urban regional systems is the basic form of requirement for realizing urban-rural integration. Taking target selection-realistic obstacles-institutional demand-system construction as the logical main line, starting from the current situation of natural resource element allocation under the framework of urban-rural integrated development, it sorted out the problems existing in the urban-rural integrated development of natural resources such as asymmetrical property rights design, inconsistent bearing plans of various types, lack of natural resource revenue sharing mechanism, and poor asset flow channels and trading systems, with unified layout, power return, paid use, …

Profiling Academicians Characteristics Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences: Analysis Of Newly Elected Academicians From 2005 To 2023, Qing Liu, Xuange Ma, Xiaosong He

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The title of Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) represents the highest accolade in China’s scientific research field. Profiling the characteristics of CAS academicians can provide crucial insights into the current state of scientific research in China and play a vital role in fostering innovation and cultivating talents for the society. This study conducted a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the birthplaces, ages, genders, educational backgrounds, institutional affiliations, and administrative roles of newly elected CAS academicians from 2005 to 2023. Several key findings are identified, including: (1) the majority of newly elected CAS academicians originate from eastern and central …

Large-Scale Experimental Platform For Dynamic Simulation Of Mountain Hazards (Leads), Gongdan Zhou, Peng Cui, Hongwei Wu, Yong You, Wei Zhong, Dongri Song, Chuiyi Zhou, Hongwei Shen, Mingsheng Shang, Xuerui Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Mountain hazards involve complex multiphase media composed of granular materials and fluids. The challenges related to scale effects and similarity issues in physical modelling of these hazards are key problems in both fundamental research on dynamics of granular materials and applied research in disaster prevention and mitigation. Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ key scientific infrastructure construction project at the field station network, the National Dongchuan Debris Flow Observation and Research Station in Jiangjia Gully, Dongchuan District, Kunming City completed the construction of the large-scale experimental platform on dynamic simulation of mountain hazards (LEADS) in 2024. This platform is …

Analysis Of Recent Development In Energy Storage Technology In China From Perspective Of Patents, Mingming Jiang, Zhijun Jin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The achievement of the “dual carbon” goal is closely tied to the widespread implementation of renewable energy, however, renewable energy generation is characterized by intermittency and volatility. Advanced energy storage technology plays a crucial role in mitigating the fluctuations of new energy sources and enhancing their absorption capacity. Patents serve as important indicators of technological innovation, directly reflecting current research trends and future directions in energy storage technology. This paper primarily relies on the “WIPO IP Portal” website provided by the World Intellectual Property Organization to analyze the comprehensive strength of eight leading countries including the United States, China, France, …

International Development Strategy And Analysis Of Science And Technology Trends In Carbon Capture, Utilization, And Storage (Ccus), Aning Qin, Yuling Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the context of carbon neutrality, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has emerged as a critical focus for policymakers worldwide. Recognized as a critical tool for combating climate change and achieving carbon neutrality, CCUS has gained widespread endorsement from major nations and international organizations. Through methods such as bibliometrics, text clustering, and comprehensive research involving foreign official institutions and authoritative websites, this study delves into the technology strategy and development trends of CCUS. It is found that various countries，including the United States, Europe, and Japan, have sequentially rolled out CCUS strategies, elevating CCUS to a pivotal national strategic …

Policy Overview (July, 2024)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Ai-Driven Innovation And Development In Manufacturing: An Overview Of Trends, Issues, And Suggestions, Rongping Mu, Jingjing Guo, Yuchen Li, Qiang Li, Chun Jiang, Ze Feng, Guowei Dong

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Artificial intelligence technology has become a key force in driving innovation and development in global manufacturing industries, and its application in production automation, intelligent management, and other areas has become an important trend for innovation and development of manufacturing in all countries. This study comprehensively analyzes the innovation and development trend driven by artificial intelligence in global manufacturing, outlines the policies and measures of major countries in promoting the innovation and development of the manufacturing industries driven by artificial intelligence. It also points out the current situation and problems of the manufacturing’s innovation and development driven by artificial intelligence in …

Suggestions For Establishing Nuclear Safety Barrier In Bohai Rim Region Of China, Longchuan Zhuang, Chuanyuan Wang, Song Qin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Under the dual carbon strategy goal, the Bohai Rim, as the core region for nuclear power deployment in northern China, is pivotal in establishing a robust nuclear safety barrier, which aligns with the national maritime power development strategy and is essential for ensuring regional marine ecological safety and national energy security. Currently, the Bohai Rim region in China faces challenges such as inadequate nuclear radiation monitoring and early warning capabilities, insufficient data for health risk assessment, an underdeveloped scientific and technological support system, and limited public participation in both depth and breadth. Based on a scientific assessment of the potential …